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罗孝文 《职业卫生与应急救援》2016,34(5):430-432
目的 初步论述疑似职业病有关问题,以期对疑似职业病相关规范标准的制订,以及实践中相关问题的处理有所借鉴和帮助。 方法 从现行的职业卫生法律法规及工作实际着手,采用概念解释及对比方法对疑似职业病几个主要问题进行论述分析。 结果 疑似职业病含义不明确,认定主体及程序、标准规定空白,部分责任权益界定不清,以及当事人配合职业病诊断义务规定不清等,是疑似职业病相关法规标准存在的主要问题,也是导致疑似职业病纠纷及报告率低的主要因素。造成这种现状的直接原因为疑似职业病规定、标准制订难度大,争议多,根本原因是采用了捆绑式解决"疾病防控"与"损害维权"的错误策略。 结论 立法部门或相关政府机构应直面目前有关疑似职业病的制度所存在的问题,尽快制定与疑似职业病患者权益维护相适应的规定、解释、标准。调整策略,将职业病防治中"疾病防控"和"损害维权"职能分离,卫生部门回归本位职能,建立与"疾病防控"相适应的"职业病疑似病例"诊断报告法规制度及标准体系。 相似文献
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目的探讨职业健康检查机构诊断报告疑似职业病例的责任。方法依据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》和《职业健康监护管理办法》,分析疑似职业病病人的涵义、权益保障和医疗卫生机构对体检结果报告及告知的义务。结果无职业病诊断资质的职业健康检查机构发现确有健康损害的劳动者符合疑似职业病诊断标准的,有责任对其作出疑似职业病的检查诊断结论,并依法履行报告、通知的义务,以便卫生监督机构督促用人单位履行相应的法律义务。结论职业健康检查机构应正确理解和贯彻执行疑似职业病诊断管理的有关规定,切实保障劳动者的相关权益。 相似文献
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<正>关于疑似职业病患者的职业病诊断情况目前未见研究报道,本文通过追踪调查疑似职业病患者的诊断情况,为医疗机构报告疑似职业病提供尺度参考,为政府部门制定政策、监督执法提供依据。1对象与方法搜集整理某市级职业病防治机构2012—2013年的疑似职业病报告267份。查询该市所有职业病诊断机构2012—2014年的档案,对于未在该市诊断机构办理诊断的患者进行电话随访,查询和随访内容包括人口学信息、疑似职业病病名、 相似文献
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《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》及《职业病危害事故调查处理办法》明确规定了有关职业病危害事故报告的法律法规要求,但在职业病危害事故的报告及监督管理中,还存在一些实际问题,我们对工作中遇到的案例进行分析与探讨。 相似文献
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目的:了解2014至2019年广州市报告疑似职业病诊断情况,为疑似职业病监管提供数据依据。方法:于2020年7至10月,采取整群抽样的方法,收集《职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统》中广州市2014至2019年报告的《疑似职业病报告卡》、《职业病报告卡》和《尘肺病报告卡》,进行匹配分析,了解疑似职业病病人的诊断及确诊情况。结... 相似文献
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上海市职业病诊断医师相关知识培训情况分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对参加"上海市职业病诊断医师培训"的152名人员,在培训结束时进行相关知识考试情况的分析,发现职业病诊断医师的职业病诊疗知识知晓率明显高于法律法规的知晓率,分析还发现,一些职业病诊断医师对"职业病报告程序",尤其对"疑似职业病病人的报告"要求不能完全掌握;对工作场所职业病危害因素的识别知识较欠缺等问题,应引起重视。 相似文献
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目的:分析2015—2019年贵州省网络报告疑似职业病病例分布特征及后期确诊情况,为职业卫生监测监管提供支持。方法:以贵州省2015—2019年在职业病及危害监测系统报告的《疑似职业病报告卡》为资料,同时将其与贵州省确诊的职业病病例进行比对,了解疑似职业病确诊情况。结果:2015—2019年共报告疑似职业病13797例。涉及18种职业病。所辖9个市(州)均有疑似职业病病例报告。中小型企业分布病例居多,经济类型上私有制经济报告病例数最多。疑似职业病最终确诊率为5.28%,不同类型体检机构和不同种类疑似职业病确诊率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:疑似职业病报告病例分布特征与实际职业病报告病例特征基本相似;贵州省报告的疑似职业病数据较大,确诊率很低,可能存在较大的职业健康安全风险隐患,有待加强监测监管以排除可能的原因。 相似文献
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王凡 《中国工业医学杂志》2005,18(6):369-369
在《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》和《职业病诊断鉴定管理办法》颁布实施的同时,我国也将10大类115种法定职业病的目录及其相对应的诊断标准进行了公布,结束了多年来职业病名单与诊断标准相脱节的状况。这对于我们正确贯彻落实职业病防治法,科学准确地进行职业病诊断是十分必要的,也是非常及时的。我们在进行职业病诊断的实际工作中,发现诊断体系中尚存在一些值得商榷的问题。为了使职业病诊断体系更加科学、准确、完整、规范,更加符合实际工作的需要,也为修订诊断标准积累和提供素材,现提出我们在进行职业病诊断过程中所遇到的几个问题及其引发的几点思考和建议。 相似文献
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Prevention of occupational asthma--practical implications for occupational physicians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Occupational factors have been estimated to contribute to approximately 10% of adult-onset asthma and occupational asthma (OA) is one of the most common occupational lung diseases in industrialized areas. Persistent asthma frequently occurs with significant socio-economic impacts. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed. The key term searched was occupational asthma combined with prevention. RESULTS: Primary prevention has been effective for OA related to natural rubber latex, and may have reduced the incidence of diisocyanate-induced asthma. Medical health surveillance has been effective in settings such as the detergent enzyme industry, workers exposed to complex platinum salts and likely for diisocyanate workers in Ontario. Tertiary prevention is still required for workers with OA and can improve prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: OA is potentially preventable. Sufficient studies have demonstrated the rationale and benefit of primary preventive strategies. Medical health surveillance programs combined with occupational hygiene measures and worker education have been associated with improved outcomes but further studies are needed to understand the optimum frequency and measures for such programs and to identify the separate contribution of the components. Until primary and secondary prevention is better understood and implemented, there will also remain a need for tertiary preventive measures. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Despite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of the working patients. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for literature on occupational medical treatment and the prevention of occupational injury and illness were reviewed to for linkages between prevention and treatment. Policy discussions which identify examples of programs that integrated prevention and treatment were included. RESULTS: Although examples of the integration of clinical and preventive occupational health services exist, there are challenges and barriers to such integration. These include inaction by clinicians who do not recognize their potential role in prevention; the absence of a relationship between the clinician and an employer willing to participate in prevention; economic disincentives against prevention; and the absence of tools that evaluate clinicians on their performance in prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Research is needed to improve and promote clinical occupational health preventive services. 相似文献
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职业卫生与职业医学的发展趋势 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
职业卫生与职业医学是研究劳动条件对劳动者健康的影响以及研究改善劳动条件,创造安全、卫生、高效的作业环境,提高劳动者的职业生活质量的一门预防医学学科,职业卫生与职业医学的首要任务则是识别、评价和控制不良的劳动条件,以保护劳动者的身体健康;其次是对职业性病损的受罹者进行早期检测、诊断和处理,促使其尽早康复。 我国的职业卫生工作始于新中国成立之后,在全国科技工 相似文献
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目的探讨不同职业危害因素与噪声在导致职业性噪声聋方面有无协同关系。方法对所有符合条件的工人按职业病危害因素分成噪声组、噪声+粉尘组、噪声+高温组、噪声+化学品4组,分别统计各组听力异常和听力正常检出结果,比较不同组间听力异常检出率是否相同。结果噪声组听力异常检出率为33.5%、噪声+粉尘组为34.7%、噪声+高温组为38.1%、噪声+化学品组为38.7%。经统计分析,总体有差别,进一步组内比较,噪声组、噪声+粉尘组进行比较,x2=0.563,P〉0.05;将噪声组、噪声+粉尘组两组合并与噪声+高温组进行比较,x2=9.194,P〈0.01及x2=6.938,P〈0.01。结论粉尘在导致噪声聋方面与噪声无协同作用,而高温、化学品均与噪声有协同作用。 相似文献
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职业卫生与职业病统计报告的历程 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为加强公共卫生信息时效和实行五大卫生监督统计报告的综合管理 ,卫生部于 1991年颁发了《卫生监督统计报告管理规定》 ,同时废止各卫生专业单行的统计报告管理规定。此后 ,五大卫生监督、监测信息的搜集进行了 3次重大修订与整合 ,使其逐步完善和规范。 2 0 0 3年启用的报告卡于 2 0 0 0年开始设计修订 ,2 0 0 2年经国家统计局审批 ,正式实施 (国统函 [2 0 0 2年 ]72号 )。此次五大卫生的重大修改是把全部报表都改为个案报告 ,增加了信息量 ,实现由单纯数字统计报告向监测发展的根本性转变。职业卫生与职业病的统计报告 (简称职报 )继 1997… 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to identify relations between occupational stress and occupational class in Japanese civil servants, using two occupational stress models-the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model and the Job Demand-Control (JDC) Model. The subjects were employees of three local public organizations. We distributed self-administered questionnaires and assessed occupational stress by ERI and JDC. We used seven occupational categories based on the Standard Occupational Classification for Japan. The data of 6,423 male and 1,606 female subjects were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratios (OR) for relations between occupational stress and occupational class. In JDC, male clerical workers, transport/communication workers and protective service workers showed a significantly higher OR of being in the high occupational stress group, compared to managers. In ERI, male professionals/technicians, transport/communication workers, clerical workers and protective service workers showed a significantly higher prevalence OR, compared to managers, the two models giving different results. In ERI, female production workers/laborers and clerical workers had a significantly lower prevalence OR, compared to managers. The results of this study showed that occupational stress differed by occupational class and the two occupational stress models gave different results for occupational classes with high occupational stress. 相似文献
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