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1.
Riksen EA Kalvik A Brookes S Hynne A Snead ML Lyngstadaas SP Reseland JE 《Archives of oral biology》2011,(4):324-330
Objective
To investigate the effects of two different fluoride concentrations on the expression of enamel proteins, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cytokines and interleukins by an ameloblast-derived cell line.Methods
Murine ameloblast-derived cells (LS-8), mouse odontogenic epithelia, were exposed to 1 or 5 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF) (0.46 and 2.25 ppm F, respectively) for 1, 3 and 7 days. The effect of NaF on the mRNA expression of enamel proteins was quantified; the secretion of cytokines, and interleukins, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, into the cell culture medium was measured and compared to untreated controls. The effect on cell growth after 1- and 3-days in culture was measured using BrdU incorporation.Results
Fluoride at 2.25 ppm reduced mRNA expression of the structural enamel matrix proteins amelogenin (amel), ameloblastin (ambn), enamelin (enam), and the enamel protease matrix metallopeptidase-20 (MMP-20). Similarly several vascularisation factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1) and interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), was also reduced by 2.25 ppm fluoride. ALP activity and proliferation were stimulated by 0.46 ppm fluoride but inhibited by 2.25 ppm fluoride.Conclusions
These results indicate that fluoride may impact on the expression of structural enamel proteins and the protease responsible for processing these proteins during the secretory stage of amelogenesis and go some way to explaining the mineralization defect that characterises fluorotic enamel. 相似文献2.
Danielle Mendes da Camara Marcela Lumi Miyasaki Marcelle Danelon Kikue Takebayashi Sassaki Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem 《Journal of dentistry》2014
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries effect of low-fluoride toothpastes combined with hexametaphosphate (HMP) on enamel demineralization.Methods
Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to pH cycling and treatment with toothpaste's slurries (15 groups; 2×/day). Toothpaste mixtures contained the following: no fluoride (F) plus HMP (from 0 to 3.0%); 250 ppm F plus HMP (from 0 to 3.0%); 500 ppm F; 1100 ppm F; and a commercial toothpaste (1100 ppm F). After pH cycling, surface and cross-sectional hardness, as well as F present in the enamel were determined. The demineralization depth was analyzed using polarized light microscopy. The variables were subjected to 1-way ANOVA, followed by Student–Newman–Keuls’ test (p < 0.05).Results
In the absence of fluoride, 0.5% HMP promoted the lowest mineral loss and its effect was similar to that of a 250 ppm F toothpaste (p > 0.05). The combination of 0.5% HMP and 250 ppm F resulted in lower mineral loss (p < 0.05) and similar lesion depth when compared to the 1100 ppm F toothpaste (p > 0.05).Conclusion
To conclude, the combination of 0.5% HMP and 250 ppm fluoride in a toothpaste has a similar inhibitory effect on enamel demineralization in vitro when compared to a toothpaste containing 1100 ppm F.Clinical significance
The anticaries effect of toothpaste containing 250 ppm F combined with 0.5% HMP was similar to that of a 1100 ppm F toothpaste, despite the 4-fold difference in F concentration. Although such effects still need to be demonstrated in clinical studies, it may be a viable alternative for preschool children. 相似文献3.
Danielle Mendes da Camara Juliano Pelim Pessan Tamires Melo Francati José Antonio Santos Souza Marcelle Danelon Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(8):1981-1985
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride dentifrices combined with sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) on enamel demineralization in vitro.Material and methods
Enamel bovine blocks were selected by initial surface hardness (SHi) and then divided into five experimental groups (n?=?12): placebo (without fluoride and without HMP); 1100 ppm F (1100F); and 1100F associated with HMP at 0.5 % (1100HMP0.5%), 1 % (1100HMP1%), and 2 % of HMP (1100HMP2%). Blocks were submitted to five pH cycles (demineralizing/remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C. After pH cycling, final surface hardness (SHf), percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated differential hardness (ΔIH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), and enamel firmly bound fluoride (F) were determined. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test (p?<?0.05).Results
Significant differences were observed among all groups regarding %SH and ΔKHN. 1100HMP1% promoted the lowest mineral loss among all groups (p?<?0.001), and led to significantly lower demineralization in the deeper regions of the subsurface lesion when compared with the other HMP-containing toothpastes (p?<?0.001). Significantly higher mineral loss was observed for 1100HMP2% when compared to the other fluoridated dentifrices, mainly in the outer part of the lesion (p?<?0.001). Enamel F uptake was similar for 1100F and 1100HMP1% but significantly reduced for other HMP concentrations.Conclusion
The supplementation of a 1100-ppm F dentifrice with 1 % HMP promoted a higher inhibitory effect against enamel demineralization when compared to a dentifrice containing the same amount of fluoride in vitro.Clinical relevance
This dentifrice could potentially be indicated to patients at high risk of caries.4.
Younju Kim Ho-Hyun Son Keewook Yi Hae-Young Kim Jinsoo Ahn Juhea Chang 《Clinical oral investigations》2013,17(1):139-146
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the color of white spot lesions.Materials and methods
Human premolars were subjected to a pH cycling to produce artificial caries lesions and classified into groups (n?=?10/group): group 1, immersion in deionized water; group 2, pH cycling without fluoride (F) application; group 3, pH cycling with immersion in 1,000 ppm NaF solution; and group 4, pH cycling with immersion in 5,000 ppm NaF solution. CIE L*a*b* color parameters of the tooth were determined using a spectroradiometer at baseline, after demineralization and after pH cycling. The extent of demineralization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA).Results
Significant degrees of color change (ΔE*) were observed after demineralization (p?<?0.05). The changes were mainly due to an increase in lightness (L*) and a decrease in yellowness (b*). F application induced a significantly large ΔE* in group 4 (p?<?0.05). The color reversal after remineralization was mostly due to the recovery of L*. SEM and EPMA verified that net mineral gains occurred in the subsurface lesions.Conclusions
The initially white appearance of enamel caries was a result of changes of L* and b*. F treatment partially restored the color of white spot lesions.Clinical relevance
F-driven remineralization induced both mineral gains and esthetic enhancement of artificially produced enamel white spot lesions. The increase of L* and the decrease of b* contributed to the color changes. 相似文献5.
Shen P Manton DJ Cochrane NJ Walker GD Yuan Y Reynolds C Reynolds EC 《Journal of dentistry》2011,39(7):518-525
Dental products containing calcium phosphate and fluoride are claimed to enhance enamel remineralization over fluoride products.
Objectives
To compare remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by dental products with added calcium phosphate in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over in situ study.Methods
Human enamel specimens with subsurface lesions were prepared and inserted into intra-oral appliances worn by volunteers. A slurry (1 g product plus 4 ml H2O) of each product was rinsed for 60 s, 4 times per day for 10 days. Six products were tested (i) placebo, (ii) 1000 ppm F, (iii) 5000 ppm F, (iv) Tooth Mousse (TM), (v) TM plus 900 ppm F (TMP) and (vi) Clinpro with 950 ppm F. Calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride levels were measured in post-rinse/saliva samples using ion chromatography. Mineral content was measured using transverse microradiography.Results
Only TM and TMP significantly increased salivary calcium and phosphate levels. The products produced remineralization in the following order from lowest to highest: placebo < 1000 ppm F = Clinpro < 5000 ppm F < TM < TMP.Conclusion
Clinpro was not significantly different to 1000 ppm F whereas TM and TMP were superior to 5000 ppm F with TMP producing the highest level of enamel lesion remineralization. 相似文献6.
Anderson T. Hara Carlos Gonzlez-Cabezas Jonathan Creeth Madhu Parmar George J. Eckert Domenick T. Zero 《Journal of dentistry》2009,37(10):781-785
Objectives
Eroded teeth are more susceptible to toothbrushing wear than sound teeth. We tested the hypothesis that fluoride and abrasivity of dentifrices can interact, modulating the development of erosive–abrasive lesions.Methods
Human enamel and root dentin specimens were submitted to cycles of demineralization, remineralization and toothbrushing using six dentifrices formulated with three different abrasivity levels: low (L), medium (M) and high (H); with (+F) and without (−F) fluoride. Surface loss was quantified by optical profilometry and compared among groups (α = 0.05).Results
In dentin, it was ranked: L < M < H, for both +F and −F dentifrices. In enamel, +F dentifrices had similar results; however for −F formulations, M and H did not differ. Fluoride reduced surface loss in enamel, at all abrasive levels. In dentin, the same fluoride effect was observed but only for the low abrasive formulation.Conclusions
Both fluoride and abrasivity were important modulators of enamel surface loss, while abrasivity had a higher impact than fluoride on dentin. 相似文献7.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of decreasing fluoride concentrations on repeated demineralizing challenges on human enamel.Materials and methods
In 24 teeth, 3 mm × 3 mm windows were prepared on the buccal and lingual sides and treated in a cycling demineralization–remineralization model. Remineralization was achieved with 100, 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride from anime fluoride. Coronal sections were cut through the artificial lesions, and three sections per tooth were investigated using polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with quantitative element analysis.Results
The morphology of the lesions was studied, and the extensions of the superficial layer and the body of the lesion were measured. Using element analysis, the Ca, P and F content were determined. The body of the lesion appeared remineralized after application of 100 ppm fluoride, while remineralization of the lesion was less successful after application of 10 and 0.1 ppm fluoride. The thickness of the superficial layer increased with decreasing fluoride concentrations, and also the extension of the body of the lesion increased. Ca and P content increased with increasing fluoride concentrations.Conclusions
The effectiveness of fluoride in enamel remineralization increased with increasing fluoride concentration.Clinical relevance
A consistently higher level of fluoride in saliva should be a goal in caries prevention. 相似文献8.
A.C. Magalhães F.M. Levy B.M. Souza C.A.B. Cardoso L.P. Cassiano J.P. Pessan M.A.R. Buzalaf 《Journal of dentistry》2014
Objectives
This in vitro study assessed the effect of milk containing different fluoride concentrations on tooth erosion.Methods
Bovine enamel and root dentine specimens were treated with: (1) bovine whole milk with 0 ppm F; (2) 2.5 ppm F; (3) 5 ppm F; (4) 10 ppm F (all after erosion); (5) whole milk with 0 ppm F (before erosion); (6) NaF (0.05% F, positive control, after erosion) or (7) 0.9% NaCl (negative control, after erosion). The specimens were submitted to pH cycles (4× 90 s in soft drink) and treatments for 5 days. The specimens were immersed in the treatment solutions for 1 min (only at the first cycle each day) with further exposition to 1:1 milk:saliva slurry for 10 min. The tooth loss was measured using a contact profilometer and statistically analysed (p < 0.05).Results
Rinsing with milk before erosive challenge significantly reduced tooth loss compared to negative control (67% and 24% reduction in dentine and enamel loss, respectively) and to milk after erosive challenge, only for dentine. The addition of fluoride to milk also reduced tooth loss compared to negative control, but with no significant differences among fluoride concentrations for enamel and dentine (μm), respectively: 0 ppm (3.63 ± 0.04 and 2.51 ± 0.53), 2.5 ppm F (2.86 ± 0.42 and 1.96 ± 0.47), 5 ppm F (2.81 ± 0.27 and 1.77 ± 0.44), 10 ppm F (2.03 ± 0.49 and 1.68 ± 0.59). There was a negative and significant correlation between [F] and the tooth loss.Conclusions
Daily rinse with milk containing F is able to reduce both enamel and dentine erosion in vitro.Clinical significance
Since the prevalence of dental erosion is steadily increasing, rinse with milk or its derivate might be an important strategy to reduce the progression of tooth erosion. 相似文献9.
Objective
The aim of this in situ study was to compare the remineralization potential of pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride on human enamel softened by a cola drink.Design
Forty-five enamel specimens obtained from human third molar teeth were eroded in a cola drink for 8 min and then attached to intra-oral devices worn by five volunteers. The specimens were subjected to three different in situ remineralization protocols using: (1) CPP-ACP (Group I), (2) CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride (Group II), and (3) saliva (Group III, control). Vickers microhardness measurements were obtained at baseline followed by demineralization and remineralization stages.Results
The CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride and saliva controls resulted in 46.24%, 64.25% and 2.98% increase in post-erosion microhardness values, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the mean microhardness values between pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride.Conclusions
Both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride substantially remineralized the softened enamel, with the CPP-ACP and fluoride combination showing higher remineralization potential than CPP-ACP. This study confirmed the synergistic effect of fluoride with CPP-ACP on remineralization of eroded enamel. 相似文献10.
Objectives
To investigate the effect of an aqueous sodium fluoride solution of increasing concentration on erosion and attrition of enamel and dentine in vitro.Methods
Enamel and dentine sections from caries-free human third molars were polished flat and taped (exposing a 3 mm × 3 mm area) before being randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups per substrate (n = 10/gp): G1 (distilled water control); G2 (225 ppm NaF); G3 (1450 ppm NaF); G4 (5000 ppm NaF); G5 (19,000 ppm NaF). All specimens were subjected to 5, 10 and 15 cycles of experimental wear [1 cycle = artificial saliva (2 h, pH 7.0) + erosion (0.3% citric acid, pH 3.2, 5 min) + fluoride/control (5 min) + attrition (60 linear strokes in artificial saliva from enamel antagonists loaded to 300 g)]. Following tape removal, step height (SH) in μm was measured using optical profilometry.Results
When the number of cycles increased the amount of tooth surface loss increased significantly in enamel and dentine after attrition and erosion and for dentine after attrition. Attrition and erosion resulted in greater surface loss than attrition alone after 15 cycles of experimental wear of enamel. 5000 ppm and 19,000 ppm sodium fluoride solutions had a protective effect on erosive and attritional enamel tooth wear in vitro, however no other groups showed significant differences.Conclusions
The more intensive the fluoride regime the more protection was afforded to enamel from attrition and erosion. However, in this study no such protective effect was demonstrated for dentine. 相似文献11.
Florian J. Wegehaupt Barbara Solt Beatrice Sener Annette Wiegand Patrick R. Schmidlin Thomas Attin 《Archives of oral biology》2009,54(9):823-829
Objective
To determine the association between KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride uptake and the erosion resistance of enamel, respectively. Additionally, the effect of enamel pre-treatment with ethanol before fluoridation was assessed.Methods
Sixty bovine incisors (4 specimens/tooth) were randomly allocated to six groups (A-F). Samples 1 and 2 remained untreated, serving as control at baseline. Pre-treatment of the samples was performed for 5 min with 99% ethanol (groups A, B and C) or physiologic saline (groups D, E and F). Samples 3 and 4 were treated either with 0.5% (groups A and D), 1.0% (groups B and E) or 1.5% (groups C and F) fluoride solution. In samples 1 and 3, uptake of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride was determined. Samples 2 and 4 were used for the determination of acid susceptibility by immersion in 1 ml HCl for 30 s. Calcium release into HCl was assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Differences between the groups were calculated by unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05).Results
Mode of pre-treatment showed no influence on fluoride acquisition. KOH-soluble and structurally fluoride uptake increased with increasing fluoride concentrations. Highest acid resistance was observed after treatment with 1% fluoride solution for both kinds of pre-treatment followed by 1.5% and 0.5% fluoride solution.Conclusion
Dose-dependency was observed for enamel fluoride acquisition but not for acid resistance. 相似文献12.
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a dentifrice with 5000 ppm fluoride in preventing dental erosion by orange juice in situ in comparison to a control dentifrice with 1450 ppm fluoride.Methods
This was a double-blind and randomized clinical study with a cross-over design. Sixteen subjects wore an intra-oral appliance containing two enamel disks with an exposed surface of approximately 2 mm × 5 mm. Enamel disks in the study group were treated with a dentifrice with 5000 ppm fluoride and in the control group with 1450 ppm fluoride. The subjects rinsed with slurries of study dentifrices for one minute before immersing the enamel disks in 250 ml orange Juice four times in an 8-h period daily. The treatment procedure was repeated for three 5-day phases for each dentifrice. Enamel erosion was measured after each 5-day treatment phase using a focus-variation 3D scanning microscopy. Medians and inter-quartile ranges (IQR) of mean erosion depth were compared between the groups.Results
The mean erosion depths of enamel varied greatly amongst the subjects. Enamel treated with 5000 ppm fluoride had less erosion (median 5.7 μm, IQR 4.5 μm) as compared to the control (median 12.6 μm, IQR 12.3 μm) after 15 days of fluoride treatment and erosive challenge cycles (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Enamel treated with 5000 ppm fluoride had significantly improved resistance to erosion by orange juice. Periodic application of 5000 ppm fluoride may be beneficial in individuals at risk of acidic erosion associated with soft drink consumptions. 相似文献13.
Christian Kirschneck Jan-Joachim Christl Claudia Reicheneder Peter Proff 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(9):2371-2378
Objectives
The development of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets and gingivitis is a common problem during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This prospective randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial investigated the preventive efficacy of a one-time application of two commonly used fluoride varnishes in patients with low to moderate caries risk.Materials and methods
Ninety adolescent orthodontic patients with a low to moderate caries risk were prospectively randomized to three groups of 30 patients each: (1) standardized dental hygiene with fluoride toothpaste and one-time application of placebo varnish (control) or (2) of elmex® fluid or (3) of Fluor Protector S on all dental surfaces at the start of fixed therapy. The extent of enamel demineralization and gingivitis was determined with the ICDAS and the gingivitis index (GI) at baseline and after 4, 12, and 20 weeks.Results
Each treatment group showed a significant increase of the ICDAS index, but not of the GI over the course of time with no significant intergroup differences detectable.Conclusions
A one-time application of fluoride varnish at the start of orthodontic treatment did not provide any additional preventive advantage over sufficient dental hygiene with fluoride toothpaste with regard to formation of white spots and gingivitis in patients with a low to moderate caries risk.Clinical relevance
In dental practice, patients often receive an application of fluoride varnish at the start of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. However, the efficacy of this procedure is still unclear.14.
Ting Yang Yanli Zhang Yanling Li Ying Hao Mi Zhou Nan Dong Xiaohong Duan 《Archives of oral biology》2013
Objective
Excessive fluoride intake during enamel formation may result in enamel fluorosis and apoptosis is regarded to be involved in the process by an unclear mechanism. We hypothesize that excessive fluoride might cause apoptosis in the ameloblasts and fluoride-induced apoptosis varies with the maturation stages of ameloblasts.Methods
We set up an in vitro differentiation model of ameloblasts by using retinoic acid (RA) and dexamethasone (DEX) to induce the maturation of mouse ameloblast-like LS8 cells.Results
The mRNA and protein levels of two enamel matrix proteins and two enamel proteinases were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the RA/DEX induced cells, indicating RA/DEX induced cells possessed the characteristics of matured ameloblasts. The strengthened endocytosis function and decreased intracellular pH value inside RA/DEX treated ameloblasts confirmed the maturation inducing effect of RA/DEX on ameloblasts. Excessive fluoride inhibited cell proliferation of ameloblasts within 72 h. High amounts of fluoride also induced more apoptosis/dead cells and reduced the expression of Bcl-2, but to a different degree in the non-induced cells and RA/DEX induced cells.Conclusions
We inferred that high doses of fluoride may easily target the transitional/early maturation ameloblasts and cause apoptosis or cell death. Bcl-2 might be involved in this process. 相似文献15.
Background
The quantification of fluorosis using fluorescence imaging (QLF) hardware and stain analysis software has been demonstrated in selected populations with good correlation between fluorescent image metrics and TF Index scores from photographs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of QLF to quantify fluorosis in a population of subjects (aged 11–13) participating in an epidemiological caries and fluorosis survey in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in Northern England.Methods
Fluorescent images of the maxillary incisors were captured together with standardized photographs were scored blind for fluorosis using the TF Index. Subjects were excluded from the analysis if there were restorations or caries on the maxillary central incisors.Results
Data were available for 1774 subjects (n=905 Newcastle, n=869 Manchester). The data from the fluorescence method demonstrated a significant correlation with TF Index scores from photographs (Kendall’s tau = 0.332 p<0.0001). However, a number of additional confounding factors such as the presence of extrinsic stain or increased enamel translucency on some subjects without fluorosis or at low levels of fluorosis severity had an adverse impact on tooth fluorescence and hence the outcome variable. This in conjunction with an uneven distribution of subjects across the range of fluorosis presentations may have resulted in the lower than anticipated correlations between the fluorescent imaging metrics and the photographic fluorosis scores. Nevertheless, the fluorescence imaging technique was able to discriminate between a fluoridated and non-fluoridated population (p<0.001).Conclusions
Despite confounding factors the fluorescence imaging system may provide a useful objective, blinded system for the assessment of enamel fluorosis when used adjunctively with photographic scoring.16.
Objectives
This study aimed to analyse the erosion-inhibiting potential of a single application of stannous chloride-containing fluoride solution on pellicle-covered enamel and dentine under constant acid flow conditions in vitro.Design
Bovine enamel (n = 60) and dentine (n = 60) samples were exposed 1 h to the oral cavity of 4 healthy volunteers to allow for in situ pellicle formation. Pellicle-covered samples were randomly assigned to three groups (each n = 20 enamel and n = 20 dentine samples; 5 enamel and 5 dentine samples/volunteer) and treated once with a SnCl2/AmF/NaF (800 ppm Sn(II), 500 ppm F, pH 4.5) or a NaF solution (500 ppm F, pH 4.5) for 2 min or remained untreated (controls). Samples were eroded with hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) in a small erosion chamber at 60 μl/min for 25 min. Calcium release into the acid was monitored in consecutive 30 s intervals for 5 min, then at 1 min intervals up to a total erosion time of 25 min using the Arsenazo III procedure. Data were statistically analysed by random-effects linear models (p < 0.05).Results
The stannous chloride-containing fluoride solution reduced calcium loss of enamel and dentine to up to 6 min and 3.5 min, respectively. Calcium loss (% of control) amounted from 24 ± 7 (30 s) up to 93 ± 14 (6 min) in enamel and from 38 ± 13 (30 s) to 87 ± 15 (3.5 min) in dentine. The sodium fluoride solution was unable to reduce enamel and dentine erosion at any time point.Conclusion
A single application of a stannous chloride-containing fluoride solution reduced enamel and dentine erosion up to 6 min and 3.5 min of constant acid flow, respectively. 相似文献17.
Objectives
Manufacturers are adding fluoride (F) to calcium-containing chewing gums to further promote enamel remineralization. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and fluoride on remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions, in a double-blind, randomized controlled in situ trial.Methods
Thirty-six volunteer subjects wore removable buccal appliances with three different insets of bovine enamel with subsurface demineralized lesions. For 14 days the subjects chewed one of the three chewing gums (placebo, POs-Ca, POs-Ca + F), three times a day. After each treatment period, the insets were removed from the appliance, embedded, sectioned, polished and then subjected to laboratory tests; mineral level was determined by transverse microradiography (TMR; n = 36), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallites were assessed by synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD; n = 13). Data were analysed by t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni corrections at 0.05 significance level.Results
Chewing POs-Ca and POs-Ca + F gums resulted in 21.9 ± 10.6 and 26.3 ± 9.4 (mean ± SD) percentage mineral recovery, which was significantly higher than that of placebo gum (15.0 ± 11.4) (p < 0.05). Chewing POs-Ca + F gum resulted in 24.9 ± 5.4 (mean ± SD) percentage HAp crystallites recovery, which was significantly higher compared to POs-Ca (16.0 ± 4.1%) or placebo (11.1 ± 4.8%) gums (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Addition of POs-Ca to the chewing gum resulted in significant remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions. Although POs-Ca + F gum was not superior in TMR recovery rate when compared with POs-Ca gum, WAXRD results highlighted the importance of fluoride ion bioavailability in the formation of HAp crystallites in enamel subsurface lesions in situ (NCT01377493). 相似文献18.
Wolfgang H Arnold Anabel Haase Julia Hacklaender Zeno Gintner Jolan Bánóczy Peter Gaengler 《BMC oral health》2007,7(1):1-5
Background
One of the important factors of the demineralization and remineralization equilibrium of enamel is the pH of the surrounding solutions. Effort has been laid in the formulation of different fluoride compounds and the fluoride content in toothpastes but much less is known about the influence of the pH of the toothpastes on their effectiveness. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the influence of different pH levels on enamel remineralization in an in vitro experiment using polarization light microscopy and EDX quantitative element analysis.Methods
A 5 × 5 mm window on the enamel surface of 40 caries free extracted human premolars was demineralized in a hydroxyethylcellulose solution at pH 4.8. The teeth were divided into 8 groups and the lower half of the window was covered with varnish serving as control. Each group was then immersed in toothpaste slurry containing amine fluoride (1400 ppm) at pH 4.1, 4.5, 5.1 and 6.9 or control toothpaste slurry without fluoride at pH 4.3, 4.7, 5.3 and 7.0. Serial sections were cut through the lesions and investigated with polarization light microscopy and quantitative EDX element analysis.Results
The PLM results showed a decreased porous volume of the body of the lesion after incubation with fluoridated toothpaste at pH 4.53 and 5.16. No differences between the experimental window and the control window were found in the other groups. The quantitative element analysis showed no differences in the element content of any of the groups.Conclusion
From the results it can be concluded that slightly acidified fluoridated dentifrices may have a certain positive effect on enamel remineralization. 相似文献19.
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