全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗结核性支气管扩张症

目的探讨全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症的可行性。方法我院2014年1月~2018年2月采用全胸腔镜下解剖性肺段切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症46例。采用单操作孔,操作孔位于腋前线第4或5肋间,应用切口保护器,不使用肋骨牵开器,观察孔取腋中线第7或腋后线第8肋间,在全胸腔镜下完成解剖性肺段切除。结果无中转开胸,1例中转行肺叶切除,其余45例在全胸腔镜下完成解剖性肺段切除,其中右肺上叶间后段14例,右肺下叶背段6例,右肺下叶基底段2例,左肺上叶固有段15例,左肺上叶舌段2例,左肺下叶背段5例,左肺下叶基底段1例。手术时间100~330 min(中位数135 min);术中出血量100~650 ml(中位数230 ml);术后引流液总量380~2250 ml(中位数550 ml);术后带管时间4~16 d(中位数5 d);术后住院时间6~18 d(中位数9 d)。围手术期无死亡。术后并发症5例:漏气3例,肺膨胀不全1例,少量咯血1例。46例随访1~36个月(中位数21个月),86.9%(40/46)症状消失,无复发、死亡。结论全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除治疗结核性支气管扩张症安全、可行,值得临床推广。     

电视胸腔镜手术下解剖性肺段切除术的疗效及安全性

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)下解剖性肺段切除术的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月南阳医学专科学校第一附属医院对36例肺部病变患者行VATS下解剖性肺段切除术的临床资料。其中行左肺上叶尖前后段切除(固有段)5例和舌段切除7例,左肺下叶背段切除4例和基底段切除4例;右肺上叶尖段切除3例、前段切除2例和后段切除3例,右肺下叶背段切除5例和基底段切除3例。结果该组患者均顺利完成肺段切除术,术中无中转开胸。手术时间105~310min,平均175min;术中出血30~210ml,平均125ml;术后胸腔闭式引流量160~1 250ml,平均350ml;术后引流管置管时间2~9d,平均4d;术后住院时间4~15d,平均7d。术后1周内出现胸腔出血1例,房颤1例,持续性肺漏气1例,肺部感染2例,经治疗后好转出院,术后并发症发生率13.8%(5/36)。术后随访时间1~32月,平均12月。术后2个月复查胸部CT,切除肺段的邻近肺段均膨胀良好,17例原发性肺癌(除外4例转移癌)均无复发和转移。结论 VATS下解剖性肺段切除术安全、可行,实现了最精准、微创的病变部位切除。     

肺隔离症误诊为食管肿瘤一例

患者 女,34岁.因吞咽困难伴胸闷3个月入院,食管X线钡餐造影示食管下段占位性病变(图1);胃镜示距门齿38 cm处食管右侧壁可见直径1.0 cm黏膜隆起,边界清楚,考虑食管平滑肌瘤;术前诊断为食管平滑肌瘤.于1999年6月手术治疗,术中发现左肺上下叶发育正常,左肺下叶包膜可见丰富的毛细血管网;异常动脉经食管裂孔来源于腹腔,走行迂曲,管径约1.8 cm,平行于降主动脉上行,由左肺下叶背段进入肺内,肺门部未探及左肺下叶动脉;左肺下叶静脉和支气管属正常解剖形态,左肺下叶通气功能良好;胸段食管未探及占位性病变.手术游离显露异常血管,予以缝扎后常规行左肺下叶切除术,术后诊断为左下肺隔离症.病理检查示:肺内部分细支气管呈囊状扩张,部分区域肺泡未发育完全.术后6个月复查无异常.     

三维重建技术在胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术中的应用

目的探讨利用Mimics软件行三维计算机断层扫描支气管血管成像(three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography,3D-CTBA)在胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2016年9月～2018年5月行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除手术48例,术前均利用Mimics软件行3D-CTBA显示手术肺段的解剖结构,判断有无肺段支气管、血管变异,决定术中所需切断的支气管及血管,制定手术方案。结果全组均在胸腔镜下顺利完成手术,术中情况与重建图像基本相符。手术时间(135.8±22.5) min,术中出血量(89.6±39.3) ml,术后胸管引流量(513.9±123.5) ml,术后胸管留置时间(2.9±1.3) d,术后住院日(6.1±1.2) d。术后无严重并发症发生。结论应用3D-CTBA行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除手术安全有效,可以实现精准的肺段切除。     

全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术30例

目的探讨全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗早期肺癌、肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病的可行性。方法 2011年1月~2016年1月我院行VATS肺段切除术30例,采用全胸腔镜三切口,用推结器丝线结扎或钛夹夹闭肺段动、静脉,切割缝合器闭合切断支气管,恶性肿瘤最后系统清扫区域淋巴结。结果 30例成功施行全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,无中转开胸,其中切除左上肺舌段8例、尖前段1例、左下肺背段9例、基底段2例、右下肺基底段1例、背段9例,无围术期死亡。术后病理:ⅠA期肺癌20例,肺转移瘤2例,肺良性疾病8例(其中肺结核4例,支气管扩张2例,炎性假瘤2例)。ⅠA期肺癌手术时间(151.2±31.3)min,术中出血量(139.5±102.4)ml,术后拔胸管时间(4.6±1.3)d,术后住院时间(5.3±1.4)d。肺良性疾病手术时间(143.2±38.3)min,术中出血量(132.5±102.6)ml,术后拔胸管时间(4.1±1.4)d,术后住院时间(5.2±1.3)d。1例结肠癌肺转移手术时间150 min,术中出血量136 ml,术后拔胸管时间5 d,术后住院时间6 d。1例直肠癌肺转移手术时间141 min,术中出血量128 ml,术后拔胸管时间4 d,术后住院时间5 d。30例术后随访3~12个月,平均7.1月,均无复发及死亡。结论 VATS解剖性肺段切除术安全可靠,在最大限度保留肺功能的前提下应用于ⅠA期肺癌、不易行肺楔形切除术的肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病患者,尤其适用于老年低肺功能患者,适合临床推广应用。     

机器人辅助早期肺癌肺段手术的质量控制

解剖性肺段切除术是目前早期肺癌外科治疗的研究热点之一。由于肺段血管及支气管变异繁多,手术技术较肺叶切除术更加精细复杂。长期以来,胸腔镜手术是解剖性肺段切除主要的微创手术方式。机器人手术系统作为新一代微创手术设备,相较传统胸腔镜手术具有放大10余倍的三维术野、精准灵活的机械腕以及震颤过滤系统等。这些优势均为施行肺段切除术提供了良好支持。目前机器人辅助肺段切除术已在国内外多个医疗中心开展,但目前尚缺少机器人早期肺癌肺段手术的质量控制。     

肺段切除术技术要点及其对肺功能影响的评价

肺段切除术是指根据肺脏解剖结构游离支气管肺段至肺门,离断肺段支气管及血管后所进行的解剖性肺切除。随着病灶定位、肺段交界平面确定等技术的发展,在原发性肺癌、转移性肺癌和肺部其他良性病变治疗中逐渐被应用。各种因素影响下,肺段切除术后患者肺功能出现不同程度的降低,最终将直接影响患者预后和术后生活质量。本文主要针对肺段切除术的技术要点及其对肺功能的影响进行综述。     

胸部CT平扫三维重建与增强扫描三维重建技术在解剖性肺段切除中的应用分析

目的 探讨术前使用胸部平扫三维重建技术及增强CT三维重建技术在解剖性肺段切除中的临床价值。方法 2019年3月～2021年1月间行胸腔镜下解剖性肺段切除病人40例,其中,术前行胸部平扫CT22例,行胸部增强CT18例。术前均利用Mimics软件行三维计算机断层扫描支气管血管成像(three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography,3D-CTBA)显示手术肺段的解剖结构,并勾画出距肺结节2 cm的安全切缘。分为平扫重建组和增强重建组,比较两组的一般临床特征、手术复杂程度、手术时间和术后恢复情况。结果 两组手术复杂程度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后总引流量、术后引流管留置时间、术后住院时间及术后病理类型比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论 术前应用胸部平扫CT或增强CT进行3D-CTBA均可用于指导解剖性肺段切除,实现精准的肺段切除,安全有效。     

机器人胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗小儿肺疾病:5例报告

目的 探讨机器人胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗小儿肺疾病的安全性。方法 2020年1月～2021年12月我们对5例小儿肺疾病采用三臂四孔法，在机器人辅助胸腔镜下解剖并处理肺段级动脉、静脉及支气管，精准切除病变。结果 5例均顺利完成手术，无中转开放手术。连机时间平均17.8 min(12～23 min),机器人手术时间平均134.0 min(60～180 min),术中出血量平均25.0 ml(5～50 ml),胸管保留时间平均2.0 d(1～3 d),术后住院时间平均6.8 d(5～9 d)。1例无症状性气胸，无胸腔积液、肺部感染、病灶残留等并发症。5例随访时间9～19个月，平均13个月，无胸腔积液、肺部感染、病灶残留等并发症。结论 机器人应用于10 kg以上体重的小儿解剖性肺段切除术是安全可行的。     

胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例临床分析

目的评估胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗外周型早期肺癌、肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2011年11月复旦大学附属中山医院行胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术20例患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女10例;平均年龄58.0(14～86)岁。切口选择3孔法。肺段动脉、静脉使用Hem-o-lok或直线型切割合器处理,肺段支气管及段间水平均使用直线型切割缝合器处理。分析手术效果和安全性。结果 20例患者成功施行了胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术,无中转开胸,无中转肺叶切除,无围术期死亡,无围术期并发症。术后组织病理学诊断示肺癌10例,肺转移瘤3例,肺良性疾病7例。平均手术时间133.0(90～240)min,平均出血量85.0(50～200)ml,术后平均胸腔引流管留置时间3.2(2～7)d,术后平均住院时间6.7(4～11)d。结论胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术安全可行,可以选择性应用于Ⅰa期肺癌或者不易行肺楔形切除术的肺转移瘤和肺良性疾病患者。     

Extended bronchoplasty and angioplasty with a right upper-middle bilobectomy and S6 segmentectomy for lung cancer: a novel technique for anastomosis

In the lung cancer case described here, we resected the right upper lobe, right middle lobe, and superior segment of the right lower lobe with concomitant resection of the pulmonary artery and bronchoplastic and pulmonary arterial reconstruction. The basal segmental bronchus was anastomosed to the right main stem bronchus using a novel, specific technique: The tumor was extirpated with division of the upper and middle lobe bronchus and the superior segmental bronchus. Parts of the middle bronchus and superior segmental bronchus on the distal side were used to expand their orifice. The cut end of the pulmonary artery was sutured, reversing the long and short axes, to shorten and adjust the pulmonary artery.     

Reimplantation of a non-functioning lung. Report of a case]

The authors present the case of a patient with a carcinoid tumor of the left main bronchus. Conservative surgery by sleeve resection without pulmonary resection was performed. The underlying lung which was considered to be nonfunctioning during pre-operative evaluations, completely recovered within a year following surgery.     

同时支气管肺动脉成形治疗中心型肺癌

自１９８７年至１９９５年，对２３例中心型肺癌病人采用同时行支气管、肺动脉成形术治疗。其中支气管完全袖式切除２０例，楔形袖式切除３例；肺动脉干侧壁切除１８例，袖式切除５例。术后１、３、５年生存率分别为７．３％、４５．５％、３３．３％。采用同时支气管肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌进一步减少了全肺切除术的比率，扩大了手术适应证，取得了满意的治疗效果。     

Carinal reconstruction with wide airway resection by a new technique

Carinal reconstruction with wide airway resection by a new technique was conducted in two cases. A 61-year man with tracheal stenosis by tracheal cancer, 6 tracheal rings, 2 left bronchial rings, total right main bronchus, for which carina was resected and reconstructed by a new technique and for a 69 year man with lung cancer in right upper lobe, for which right upper-middle bilobectomy, S6 segmental resection and circumferential pulmonary artery resection were performed. The tracea, left main bronchus, and right basal segment bronchus were anastomosed by new technique and the right main pulmonary artery and basal segment artery was anastomosed subsequent to chemotherapy. Both patients discharged within seventeen postoperative days in consideration of the absence of postoperative complication. Bronchoscopic findings after reconstruction indicated neither stenosis nor dehiscence at the site of anastomosis. The new reconstructive method of carina permits simple anastomosis, the possibility of carina reconstruction even in the case of wide airway resection and loss tension at the site of anastomosis.     

Complete surgical resection of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with carinal reconstruction in a 4-year-old boy

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the carina and the main bronchus is a rare tumor. The authors report here on a case of a 4-year-old boy with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor at the carina and extending to the left main bronchus. He presented with fever and a cough of 2 months' duration. Preoperative assessment of the tumor revealed an intraluminal round mass arising from the carina and extending into the left main bronchus, and this caused near-total obstruction of the left main bronchus and the subsequent total collapse of the entire left lung. The complete resection of the mass with carinal reconstruction was successful. The tumor was a round mass measuring 1.5 × 1 cm. It had characteristic features of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, namely, the proliferation of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.     

Successful Resection of locally infiltrative Glomus Tumor without pulmonary resection

IntroductionExtracutaneous glomus tumors occurring in the bronchus is very rare. Complete resection is basic procedure for treatment of glomus tumor. We present a glomus tumor of the left main bronchus that was successfully treated with rigid bronchoscopy followed by sleeve resection of the left main bronchus.Presentation of caseA 56-year-old man underwent two term resections to glomus tumor that originated from the left main bronchus. Firstly, we performed palliative resection with rigid bronchoscopy to make the correct diagnosis and evaluate the extent of the tumor. We subsequently performed curative resection. No complications or recurrence has occurred since the operation took place one year ago.DiscussionBefore curative resection, it is important to confirm the diagnosis and spread of the tumor. Therefore, palliative tumor resection by rigid bronchoscopy was useful to make the correct diagnosis, evaluate the extent of the tumor and open the bronchial lumen. After bronchoscopic treatment, curative pulmonary resection was performed and preservation of lung function was successful.ConclusionTwo term resections enabled us to make an accurate diagnosis and evaluation, thereby preserving respiratory function without pulmonary resection.     

Robotic versus laparoscopic liver resection: a comparative study from a single center

Purpose

The significant advantages of robotic surgery have expanded the scope of surgical procedures that can be performed through minimally invasive techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic liver surgeries at a single center.

Methods

From July 2007 to October 2011, a total of 206 patients underwent laparoscopic or robotic liver surgery at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We compared the surgical outcomes between robotic liver surgery and laparoscopic liver surgery during the same period. Only patients who underwent left hemihepatectomy or left lateral sectionectomy were included in this study.

Results

The robotic group consisted of 13 patients who underwent robotic liver resection including 10 left lateral sectionectomies and three left hemihepatectomies. The laparoscopic group consisted of 17 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection during the same period including six left lateral sectionectomies and 11 left hemihepatectomies. The groups were similar with regard to age, gender, tumor type, and tumor size. There were no significant differences in perioperative outcome such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative liver function tests, complication rate, and hospital stay between robotic liver resection and laparoscopic liver resection. However, the medical cost was higher in the robotic group.

Conclusions

Robotic liver resection is a safe and feasible option for liver resection in experienced hands. The authors suggest that since the robotic surgical system provides sophisticated advantages, the retrenchment of medical cost for the robotic system in addition to refining its liver transection tool may substantially increase its application in clinical practice in the near future.     

Complete endobronchial obstruction and left non-aerated hemithorax caused by a leiomyoma: Report of a case

Presented herein is the case of a 27-year-old man in whom an endobronchial tumor was found causing complete obstruction of the left main bronchus. The tumor was successfully removed by performing sleeve resection of the left main bronchus without pulmonary resection, immediately following which the left lung became reinflated. Subsequent histological study of the resected tumor confirmed that it was a leiomyoma, a type of benign tumor that is rarely found in the lung.     

Surgical management of a giant bronchial carcinoid with massive hemoptysis

Bronchial carcinoids are very rare and are characterized by slow endobronchial growth. They may attain huge size but are potentially curable with surgical resection. We report a 70-years-old male with massive life threatening hemoptysis and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV dyspnea. He underwent successful surgical resection of a giant typical carcinoid, which was compressing the pulmonary artery, completely obstructing the left bronchus and partially occluding the right bronchus.     

An anomalous segmental vein of the left upper lobe of the lung: preoperative identification by three-dimensional computed tomography pulmonary angiography

A number of variations in the pulmonary arteries and veins have been documented, and the information is very important for performing a safe lung resection. This report describes a case of an anomalous segmental vein of the left upper lobe of the lung. The patient was a 75-year old male who was suspected to have lung cancer in the left upper lobe. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a vessel behind the left lower bronchus. A three-dimensional computed tomography angiography demonstrated that it was an anomalous vein for the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe of the lung, draining into the left inferior pulmonary vein. The aberrant vein was readily identified during surgery and was divided without injury, and a left upper lobectomy was successfully performed. Aberrant pulmonary veins for the superior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung are rarely observed, and the same kind of anomaly on the left side has not been reported.