Experimental production of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in the dog

Prior efforts at experimental production of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis generally have been unsuccessful. An experimental method was devised of inducing SSS thrombosis in the dog by use of double-lumen balloon catheters. Two balloon catheters, introduced into each internal jugular vein, are finally positioned at the torcular Herophili. The resulting stasis in the SSS, initiated by the inflated balloons, is augmented by injecting thrombin into the SSS. The stasis and the intraluminal thrombin cause thrombosis, which can be visualized on computed tomography (CT). This method may be used to study the natural history of SSS thrombosis as well as establish its CT and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics.     

Rapid thrombectomy of superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus thrombosis with a rheolytic catheter device

Thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses is a potentially lethal condition that remains a diagnostic dilemma. Clinical outcome is typically dependent on the timeliness of diagnosis and definitive treatment. We report a case of successful rapid thrombectomy of extensive thrombus within the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses using a rheolytic catheter device. This appears to be a promising treatment option, particularly in those patients who do not respond to other, more established, forms of therapy.     

Gyral abnormalities in the early stage of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

We report computed tomography (CT) features in a case of segmental thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. On the initial cranial CT scan, both frontal cortices showed focal areas of slightly increased attenuation. The lesions were isointense on magnetic resonance (MR) images no matter what pulse sequence was used, except on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, which showed curvilinear sulcal hyperintensity. On postcontrast T1-weighted images, curvilinearly enhancing structures were apparent in both frontal cortical sulci. No lesion appeared on follow-up CT or in MR images. We speculated that the areas of slightly increased attenuation in the cortices represented blood congestion in the cortical veins, venules and capillaries without serum leakage. Cranial CT images should be carefully interpreted to avoid overlooking subtle lesions.     

Intracerebral hemorrhage after transcatheter thrombolysis of non-occluding superior mesenteric artery thrombosis

We performed transcatheter thrombolysis on a 64-year-old man with non-occluding superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis because his severe symptoms could not be controlled with medication. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed intramural thrombosis in the SMA. We were concerned that the narrowing of the SMA lumen might progress to complete occlusion, resulting in a high likelihood of mortality. After dissolution of the SMA thrombosis, the original symptoms almost completely disappeared. However, intracranial hemorrhage occurred 8 hr after thrombolysis, requiring surgical intervention. Transcatheter thrombolysis is thought to be a useful treatment for SMA thrombosis, especially in elderly patients with a high operative risk; however, the possibility of intracerebral hemorrhage must be taken into consideration.     

上矢状窦栓塞大脑髓静脉改变的SWI研究

目的:利用磁敏感加权成像(SWI)技术探讨上矢状窦栓塞后大脑髓静脉的改变。方法:对10例上矢状窦栓塞患者和年龄、性别相匹配的10例健康志愿者行常规MRI、MRV和SWI,应用计算机后处理软件对SWI图像进行处理,得到校正后的磁矩图和相位图,将大脑髓静脉增多扩张脑白质区作为病变组、其对侧镜像正常脑白质区为对照组1,健康志愿者与病变组相同位置脑白质区为对照组2,分别测量相位值,进行比较,统计学分析采用单因素方差分析。结果:病变组选择髓静脉增多扩张脑白质区37处测得相位值为-0.571～0.104,平均-0.051;对照组1相位值为-0.047～0.079,平均0.010;对照组2相位值为-0.045～0.056,平均0.014;病变组相位值低于对照组1和对照组2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);对照组1和对照组2相比,二者无显著差异(P=0.790)。结论:磁敏感加权成像(SWI)能明显显示上矢状窦栓塞患者大脑髓静脉的增多、扩张,并可利用相位信息为其提供量化依据。     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI诊断

目的 探讨颅内静脉窦血栓形成的磁共振成像(MRI)表现及其对本病的诊断价值。方法 搜集8例经临床确诊的颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI资料，回顾性分析其MR影像学表现。结果 颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI表现有如下特点：(1)常为多处静脉窦同时受累；(2)形成血栓的静脉窦增粗、流空效应消失，呈现等或短、混杂T1、短或长T2信号影，典型表现为“白三角”征；(3)在急性期做增强扫描可见“黑三角”征；(4)MR静脉成像显示：栓堵的静脉窦影缺失。结论 颅内静脉窦血栓形成有比较典型的MR影像学特点；MRI检出本病优于CT，且能作出早期诊断；MRI增强扫描及MR静脉成像在本病的早期诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。     

脑静脉窦血栓形成的介入治疗

目的 研究血管内介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成的疗效和安全性.方法 对10例临床抗凝治疗无效的颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者行血管内介入治疗,全部患者均接受经静脉插管接触性溶栓联合机械性碎栓治疗,其中4例在接受经静脉途径溶栓后又接受了经动脉溶栓.术后继续抗凝治疗6个月,随访12～29个月,平均21个月.结果 8例患者的临床症状和体征得到缓解或部分缓解,其中6例头痛消失,2例存在轻度头痛.1例症状无明显改善,1例病稃较长的患者残留语言功能障碍.所有患者腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力均恢复正常,未再发生血栓形成和新的神经功能症状.所有患者术中和术后均未发生与操作相关的颅内或全身出血并发症.结论 血管内介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓是安全、有效的治疗手段.     

Gradient recalled echo MR imaging of superior sagittal sinus occlusion

Summary With T1-weighted gradient recalled echo (GRE) MR images and flow compensation, we studied the superior sagittal sinus in 3 normal volunteers and 3 patients with sinus occlusion. In these images, sites of patency of the superior sagittal sinus were identified due to the high signal intensity of the normal sinus. Tumor invading the sinus was nearly isointense with cerebral gray matter. T1-weighted GRE imaging proves to be an effective technique to evaluate sinus blood flow.     

Treatment of dural arteriovenous malformations involving the superior sagittal sinus

We report the diagnosis and treatment of seven dural arteriovenous malformations involving the superior sagittal sinus. The most common presenting symptom was headache, although two patients presented with hemorrhage. Embolization alone effected a complete cure in four patients, while a combination of embolization and surgery was used in the remaining three patients. The first of these had intraoperative exposure and embolization of multiple feeding branches of both middle meningeal arteries, which resulted in a complete cure without deficits. The second patient had multiple embolizations and surgeries with eventual resection of the involved sagittal sinus to effect a complete cure, which was complicated postoperatively by paraparesis. The third patient had preoperative embolization and subsequent surgical resection of the superior sagittal sinus, resulting in a complete cure without deficits. Because of their unique midline location, multiplicity of arterial feeders, and critical venous drainage, dural malformations involving the superior sagittal sinus often require unusual and aggressive forms of therapy.     

Isolated inferior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a case report

We present a case of isolated inferior sagittal sinus thrombosis shown on CT, MRI and angiography. This condition has not, to our knowledge, been described previously. Received: 17 June 1996 Accepted: 13 August 1996     

血管内介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成

目的 探讨血管内介入方法治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成的疗效和安全性.方法 对27例抗凝治疗无效的颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者行血管内介入治疗,其中19例行局部静脉窦溶栓及机械性破栓治疗,5例行局部静脉窦溶栓、机械性破栓及动脉溶栓治疗,3例行静脉窦支架置入术.结果 23例患者的症状、体征明显改善,其中头痛消失18例,视力改善12例;3例症状无改善,出院前22例患者测脑脊液压力正常,血管造影等检查证实21例患者静脉窦主干通畅,皮层静脉和深静脉恢复正常;3例部分再通,皮层静脉和深静脉部分代偿.结论 血管内介入治疗是颅内静脉窦血栓形成安全、有效的治疗手段.     

重症颅内静脉窦血栓的介入溶栓治疗

颅内静脉窦血栓形成是缺血性脑血管病的一种特殊类型,不仅漏诊、误诊率高,且由于病变深在颅内、病因多样、发病凶险等因素导致死亡率很高,据统计达10%~33%.长期以来,临床上对于此病的治疗多采取降颅压、抗凝及针对病因的药物治疗,缺乏更为直接有效的治疗手段.     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成的个体化介入治疗

目的 探讨个体化介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的疗效和安全性.方法 对12例临床抗凝治疗无效的CVST患者根据发病的严重程度及病程特点行个体化介入治疗.以患者临床症状及体征、脑脊液压力及脑动静脉循环时间为疗效观察和随访指标.12例患者均接受经静脉插管接触性溶栓联合机械性碎栓治疗,其中3例在接受经静脉途径溶栓后又接受了经动脉溶栓.术后继续抗凝治疗6个月;随访12～24个月,平均(18±4)个月.结果 术后,12例患者中2例仍存在轻度头痛,但较治疗前明显减轻.1例遗留轻度偏瘫,3例遗留复视或视物模糊,腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力从术前的28～38 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),平均(32.4±3.0)cm H2O,均降至26 cm H2O以下,脑血管造影显示脑动静脉循环时间从术前的11～20 s恢复至10 s以内,未再发生血栓形成和新的神经功能缺失症状.除1例患者出现股静脉穿刺部位皮下渗血外,其余患者均未发生与操作相关的颅内或全身出血并发症.结论 个体化介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓是安全、有效的治疗手段.