2018年开封市中小学生乙肝防治知识认知状况及影响因素分析

OBJECTIVE To understand the cognitive status and influencing factors of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students of Kaifeng City in 2018, so as to provide a good guarantee for improving students’ health awareness and disease prevention knowledge. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng from May to July 2018 by stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The questionnaire was provided by China Liver Prevention Foundation. Questionnaire survey mainly analyzed in-depth knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng City, the score of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students of different ages, and the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B were analyzed. RESULTS The awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng was generally low, with a total awareness rate of 47.84%. The awareness rate of knowing hepatitis B was 82.91%, which was the highest. Secondly, the awareness rate of timely vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine after birth was 73.73%. The lowest awareness rate was that there was no specific drug for hepatitis B at present, which was 13.82%. Different characteristics of primary and secondary school students had different scores of hepatitis B knowledge. Ethnic group, age, educational level and household registration had an impact on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P<0.05), while gender had no effect on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P>0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B. It found that age and household registration were the factors influencing the score of knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students. CONCLUSION It was very important for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B to strengthen the propaganda and education of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students, to do a good job in propaganda of hepatitis B transmission channels and non-transmission channels, and to find a more scientific and reasonable health education mode.     

Chinese adults′ cognition of respiratory diseases in Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030)CSCD

Objective To investigate the cognition of Chinese adults on respiratory health in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030). Methods From January 2022 to February 2022, the electronic questionnaire was distributed by using the two‑dimensional code on the Wechat platform. The questionnaire involving the respiratory health part of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) was conducted among people aged ≥18 years (except pregnant and postpartum women) in 32 provincial administrative regions in China. A total of 5 892 questionnaires were distributed, 4 754 valid questionnaires were recovered. Chi square test was used to analyze the basic situation of the survey subjects, the cognition of people in different regions to the content, the correlation between physical activity and age stratification, the correlation between smoking cessation and disease, and the common cognitive misunderstanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results Of the 4 754 subjects in this study, 3 462 were from urban area and 1 292 were from rural area. In terms of active participation in lung cancer screening, regular physical examination, no awareness of reducing risk factors exposure, isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, reduction of travel of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, wearing masks when contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, active learning of medical and health care knowledge, and timely medical treatment in case of health problems, the cognition status of people in the city was better than people in the rural areas (all P< 0.05). The compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 72.7% and 83.8%, respectively, among the population aged 18—64 years old; the compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 82.3% and 85.7%, respectively, among the population aged≥65 years old; the proportions of light intensity physical activity in people aged 18—64 and ≥65 years old were 65.2% and 87.6%, respectively. There was a correlation between whether the patients had respiratory diseases and whether they were troubled by respiratory diseases for a long time and their determination to quit smoking (all P<0.05); the rate of common misconceptions about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese adults was between 13.0% and 38.0%, and the rate of misconceptions among people with college education or above who believed that even if the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was improved and the diagnosis and treatment were standardized, the treatment of the disease was still ineffective was as high as 30.3%; in addition, the rate of two cognitive misunderstandings (when the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were mild, no intervention was needed; the medication can be discontinued when the symptoms were relieved) of people with college education or above were 24.2% and 25.8%, respectively, which were higher than those with primary school education and junior high school education (all P<0.05). Conclusions The cognition of Chinese adults on early screening of respiratory diseases, reduction of exposure to risk factors, prevention and control of tuberculosis, and acquisition of scientific knowledge in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) is generally poor. The participation of people <65 years old in high‑intensity physical activities is insufficient, and the cognition of people with high education level does not show advantages. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Effectiveness of automated machine learning models in predicting the risk of preeclampsia in the first trimesterCSCD

Objective To explore the application value of automated machine learning (autoML) model in predicting the risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester. Methods From January 2017 to October 2020, 2 180 singleton pregnant women who were registered in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital and underwent pregnancy examination at 12 weeks of gestation were selected. The pregnant women were divided into preeclampsia group (103 cases) and control group (2 077 cases) according to the occurrence of preeclampsia. The differences in clinical data and hematological indexes in the two groups were compared, and the correlation between each index and the risk of preeclampsia was analyzed too. All the pregnant women were randomly divided into training set and test set according to the ratio of 7∶3, and the autogluon autoML algorithm was used to build a variety of machine learning models, and training and cross‑validation were performed in the training set to compare the accuracy of the different models. The importance of each index in the autoML model was analyzed, and the autoML model and the logistic regression model were used to predict the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the test set respectively, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the autoML and the logistic regression model. Results The age, pre‑pregnancy body mass index, body mass index at 12 weeks of gestation, waist circumference at 12 weeks of gestation, proportion of drinking history, high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP), triglyceride, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and β‑human chorionic gonadotropin were all significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the free tri‑iodothyronine (free T3), free thyroxine (free T4), placental growth factor (PIGF), soluble fms‑like tyrosine kinase‑1 (sFlt‑1) and pregnancy‑associated plasma protein‑A (PAPP‑A) were all significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between pre‑pregnancy body mass index, body mass index at 12 weeks gestation, waist circumference at 12 weeks gestation, hs‑CRP, triacylglycerol, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4, β‑HCG, PIGF, sFlt‑1, PAPP‑A and preeclampsia risk were obviously higher; but the correlation between each index were lower. A total of 18 models in 8 categories were constructed with the autoML model algorithm, and the neural network _L2 based on FastAI had the highest accuracy in the training set (0.963) and the validation set (0.971). The TSH, LDL‑C, PDW, waist circumference at 12 weeks of gestation, sFlt‑1, AST were more important in the model, while the free T4, total cholesterol, pregnancy times, drinking history, parity and family history of hypertension were less important indicators. The area under the ROC curve of the autoML model for predicting the risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester was significantly higher than that of the logistic regression model (0.984 vs 0.765, P= 0.002), while there was no statistical difference in the prediction accuracy of the two prediction models in the training set (P>0.05). The prediction accuracy and sensitivity of the autoML model in the test set were both significantly higher than those of the logistic regression model (99.54% vs 98.32%, 93.75% vs 75.00%, both P<0.05). Conclusions Factors such as TSH, LDL‑C, PDW, waist circumference, sFlt‑1 and AST in the first trimester of pregnancy have a certain correlation with the risk of preeclampsia. The autoML model based on the indicators of the first trimester has a high predictive value for the risk of preeclampsia. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Health fitness and its influencing factors among urban elderly residents in Lanzhou cityCSCD

Objective To analyze the health fitness and its influencing factors among urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to survey urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city with self-designed questionnaire from July 17th to August 3rd, 2020. The questionnaire included general information, life habits and Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V 1.0), a total of 1 124 questionnaires were distributed and 1 124 were collected, including 1 043 valid questionnaires (92.8%). The HFMS V 1.0 was scored with Likert 5-point scale, positive and negative scoring method. The health fitness status of the subjects was divided into low, medium and high levels according to the norms of HFMS V 1.0 for Chinese urban elderly residents. The influencing factors were analyzed by using the chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression. Results The conversion score of HFMS V 1.0 for the urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city was 61.99±14.20, and the physical fitness score was the lowest (57.84± 16.98); of the 1 043 subjects, 332 (31.83%), 360 (34.52%) and 351 (33.65%) subjects were classified with low, medium, and high health fitness levels, respectively. Chronic diseases and poor dietary habits were the risk factors for the health fitness of urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city (both P<0.05); more adequate sun exposure, physical exercise, sufficient sleep, high self-health concern and high frustration quotient were protective factors for health fitness in those subjects (all P<0.05). Conclusion The overall level of health fitness in urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city is moderate, and chronic disease, dietary habits, sun exposure, physical exercise, length of sleep, self-health concern and frustration quotient are the main influencing factors. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

366名门诊就医者卫生知识需求调查改进护理服务模式

To understand the present condition of outpatients‘ needs for health knowledge, and revise the process of nursing services in clinic. Methods Using questionnaire to survey outpatients going to this clinic. Divide patients into groups by their age, occupation, and culture level. Statistics and X^2 test were performed by PEMS 3.0 software. Results ①The groups of higher educated level and 20-41 years old go to clinic to take health checkup.Their self-aware of health care is worse due to intense working. It is needed to strengthen health propaganda and education to them. ②The groups of yotmg people and higher educated level have some communication technique. Medicine professionals need to elevate their communication technique to the groups of elderly and lower educated level. ③The groups of 61 and over and lower educated level know less about modem medicine and classfying of departments, professionals should help them to choice departments and guide blind choice to directed choice. ④All groups need guide to read medicine manuals. Conclusion Needs investigation has provided the foundation for reform. Revising process and establishing new model of nursing services in clinic make the service range expanded, as well as the market business has succeeded.     

Analysis on the trend of smoking prevalence and main causes of death of dead residents in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019CSCD

Objective To evaluate the change trend of smoking prevalence and the composition of main causes of death in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019. Methods The study was based on the data collected in the Tianjin All Cause of Death Surveillance System from 2010 to 2019. A total of 699 372 cases were included in the study. The smoking prevalence, ex‑smoking and never smoking prevalence were calculated according to different death years and gender. The proportion of smoking status was calculated according to the year of birth and gender. The distribution of smokers dying of smoking related diseases were calculated by different age‑group. The change trend of smoking rate was analyzed by Joinpoint regression 4.9.0.0 statistical software. The diseases that smokers died of were expressed by proportion. Results From 2010 to 2019, the smoking rate of dead residents decreased from 28.7% to 21.4%, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) was -3.0% (95%CI: -3.9%, -2.2%). The same trend was shown in dead residents of different genders. The proportion of ex‑smokers showed an upward trend, from 10.5% in 2010 to 14.7% in 2019; The proportion of light smokers increased with the postponement of birth year. The proportion of light smokers born at and before year 1950 was 14.7%, while the proportion of light smokers born at and after year 1981 was as high as 85.9%; the proportion of heavy smokers decreased with the year of birth. Lung cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death of smokers and quitters. 13.86% of quitters died of lung cancer, which was slightly lower than that of smokers (16.39%) and significantly higher than that of non‑smokers (5.55%). With the increase of smoking degree, the proportion of smokers who died of lung cancer also increased gradually, from 9.19% to 19.11%. Conclusions From 2010 to 2019, the smoking prevalence of dead residents in Tianjin shows a downward trend, which is consistent with the change trend of the overall smoking prevalence of residents in Tianjin. Lung cancer, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease rank among the top three causes of death among smokers. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Ultrasonic follow‑up observation on size changes of 4C type thyroid micronodule classified by C‑TIRADSCSCD

Objective To observe the size changes under ultrasound of 4C type thyroid micronodules classified by 2020 Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C‑TIRADS) during follow‑up. Methods In this cross‑sectional study, the data of thyroid ultrasonography in physical examination center in the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University between December 2017 and December 2021 were retrospectively included, thyroid nodules were classified according to C‑TIRADS, to observe the changes by ultrasound of maximum diameter and volume of 4C type thyroid micronodules during follow‑up. Results A total of 102 subjects receiving physical examinations with 103 thyroid micronodules were enrolled in this study. The maximum diameter and volume of thyroid micronodules at initial examination was 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) mm and 52.5 (25.2, 113.4) mm3respectively, and it was 6.0 (4.0,7.0) mm、65.6 (25.2,147.0) mm3 at the last examination, respectively. Of the thyroid micronodules, 79 (76.7%) remained stable, 14 (13.6%) magnified and 10 (9.7%) shrunk during the follow‑up. The cervical lymph nodes in all physical examiners were normal. There were significant changes in the maximum diameter and volume in the thyroid micronodules between the initial and last examination in subjects whose micronodules shrunk or magnified during the follow‑up (all P<0.05). Conclusion Size of most C‑TIRADS 4C thyroid micronodules remains stable or even decreases during ultrasound follow‑up observation, for such thyroid nodules, follow‑up observation appears to be a safe and feasible way to postpone surgery. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Health Management. All rights reserved.     

动态血压变异性与主观认知下降进展的相关性CSCD

Objective To analyze the correlation between ambulatory blood pressure variability and the progression of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods In this prospective observational study, the overall sampling method was used to continuously select 100 patients with SCD in the Department of Neurology, Changshu First People′s Hospital and Changshu Xinzhuang People′s Hospital from January 1 2016 to June 30 2017. The baseline demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. The Chinese version of SCD‑Q9 questionnaire was used to self‑evaluate SCD, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to evaluate objective cognitive impairment. All patients received 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and 24 h systolic coefficient of variation (SCV) and diastolic coefficient of variation (DCV) were calculated. The follow‑up period was 4 years after the first visit, and the MoCA scale was evaluated once a year. Finally, 83 patients completed the follow‑up and were included in this study. According to the MoCA score at the end of follow‑up (<26 or ≥26), the patients were divided into progression group (39 cases) and non‑progression group (44 cases). The difference of MoCA score between baseline and last follow‑up was calculated in the progression group. The difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups was compared with χ2 test. The difference of 24 h SCV and 24 h DCV between the two groups were compared by rank sum test. The correlation between 24 h SCV and MoCA score difference or SCD‑Q9 score in the progression group were tested by multiple linear regression analysis. Results The 4‑year progression rate of SCD patients was 46.99% (39/ 83). There was no significant differences in baseline age, gender, education level, medical history, smoking history, SCD‑Q9 score and MoCA score between the progressive group and the non‑progressive group (all P>0.05). The 24 h SCV in the progressive group was significantly higher than that in the non‑progressive group [13.4% (9.9%, 15.6%) vs 10.9% (9.7%, 12.7%), U=594.50, P= 0.016]. There was no significant difference in 24 h DCV between the two groups (P>0.05). In progressive group, the 24 h SCV was negatively correlated with MoCA score difference (r=-0.368, P= 0.021). Conclusion There is a correlation between ambulatory blood pressure variability and SCD progression, high 24 h SCV may be one of the factors of SCD progression and has certain predictive value. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Health Management. All rights reserved.     

人体肥胖测量指标对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的预测价值CSCD

Objective To investigate the predictive value of different body obesity measures for non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods It was a cross‑sectional study. The present study was a case‑control study involving 553 subjects who underwent physical examination from January to April 2022. The subjects were divided into NAFLD group (n=321 cases) and control group (n=232 cases) according to abdominal ultrasound imaging parameters. All subjects completed a general information questionnaire, liver ultrasound examination, serum biochemical indices and physical measurements. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between human obesity measures (neck circumference, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), body mass index (BMI), waist‑to‑hip ratio, lipid accumulation index (LAP), visceral fat index (VAI), body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI)) and NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive value of single and combined measures of obesity for NAFLD. Results The subjects were stratified by gender, and the quartile levels of BMI, neck circumference, TSF, waist‑to‑hip ratio, LAP, VAI and BRI were all correlated with NAFLD in both male and female (all P<0.05). After further adjustment for confounding factors, compared with those in group Q1, group Q4 of the above‑mentioned indexes still had higher odds ratios (P<0.05). The AUC value of LAP in predicting NAFLD was the largest in both men and women, which was 0.836(0.788-0.876) and 0.885(0.839-0.921), and the cut‑off value was 41.93 and 33.27, respectively. There was no significant difference in AUC of ROC predicting NAFLD among LAP, BRI and BMI (P>0.05). The AUC of ABSI in predicting NAFLD was less than 0.7(namely 0.584(0.525-0.641) and 0.679(0.618-0.735) in men and women, respectively), which indicated poor predictive performance for NAFLD. In the pairwise combination index, the AUC of ROC predicting NAFLD with TSF+LAP in male was the largest, which was 0.864(0.819-0.901), and there was statistical significance when compared with BRI (AUC=0.818(0.769-0.860)) and BMI (AUC=0.816(0.767-0.858)) (P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance when compared with LAP (AUC=0.836(0.788-0.876)) (P>0.05). The AUC of ROC predicting NAFLD with VAI+LAP in women was the largest, it was 0.894(0.849-0.928), there was statistical significance when compared with BMI (AUC=0.849(0.799-0.890)) (P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance when compared with LAP (AUC=0.885(0.839-0.921)) and BRI (AUC=0.870(0.822-0.908)) (P>0.05). Conclusion BMI, neck circumference, TSF, waist‑to‑hip ratio, LAP, VAI and BRI all have good predictive value for NAFLD. © 2023 Chinese Medical Association. All rights reserved.     

高血压与膳食和体力活动相关关系分析

[Objective] To understand the status of hypertension among rural adults in Hebei Province and the correlation between diet, physical activity and hypertension, to provide evidence for intervention on hypertension. [Methods] A question-naire investigation on dietary and physical factors of hypertension was conducted among people aged 18 and over in rural area. [Results] 2 407 adults were interviewed and physically measured. The crude prevalence of hypertension was 32.1% and that of men and women respectively was 33.3.0%; 29.5%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors influencing hypertension were excessive intakes of salt and fat, long-term static living. [Conclusions] Rational dietary pattern （low intakes of salt and fat） and physical activity are important measures for prevention on hypertension.     

Influencing factors of post stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and their correlation with cognitive scoresCSCD

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and their correlation with cognitive scores in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In this cross‑section study, 36 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) admitted to the Department of Vascular Neurology of Beijing Tiantian Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 were selected as the PSCI group. And one to one matching was performed for patients without PSCI (PSNCI group) with an age±1 year and same gender admitted to the hospital during the same period (as control, 36 cases). Basic clinical data of the two groups were collected, the laboratory and imaging examinations were completed. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) were used for cognitive evaluation by neuropsychologists. Hypothesis testing was used to compare the differences in basic data, laboratory tests and lesion sites between the two groups. Multi‑factor conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of PSCI, and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation between influencing factors of PSCI and the cognitive scores. Results Compared with those in PSNCI group, the proportion of patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack history, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), apolipoprotein E(ApoE) ε4 carriers and the ratio of temporal lobe and thalamus infarction were higher in PSCI group (41.7% vs 13.9%, 36.1% vs 2.8%, 30.6% vs 5.6%, 22.3% vs 2.8%, 25.0% vs 5.6%), the MMSE and MoCA scores were lower in PSCI group [16.50 (8.25, 19.00) vs 28.00 (27.00, 30.00), 10.00 (4.25, 14.50) vs 27.00 (25.00, 28.00)] (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HHcy was a positive correlation factor for PSCI (OR=2.342, 95%CI= 1.186-4.622, P=0.014). Spearman correlation analysis showed that MMSE (r=-0.415) and MoCA (r= -0.417) scores were negatively correlated with homocysteine (Hcy) (both P<0.05). Conclusion HHcy is an important factor affecting the occurrence and development of PSCI in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and Hcy level is negatively correlated with cognitive scores in those patients. © 2022 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

融合空气数据的深度网络慢阻肺评估测试评分预测模型的构建及意义CSCD

Objective To construct a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) score prediction model based on a deep network fused with air data, and to explore its significance. Methods From February 2015 to December 2017, the outdoor environmental monitoring air data near the residential area of the patients with COPD from the Respiratory Outpatient Clinics of Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University People′s Hospital and Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were collected and the daily air pollution exposure of patients was calculated. The daily CAT scores were recorded continuously. The CAT score of the patients in the next week was predicted by fusing the time series algorithm and neural network to establish a model, and the prediction accuracy of the model was compared with that of the long short‑term memory model (LSTM), the LSTM‑attention model and the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Results A total of 47 patients with COPD were enrolled and followed up for an average of 381.60 days. The LSTM‑convolutional neural networks (CNN)‑autoregression (AR) model was constructed by using the collected air data and CAT score, and the root mean square error of the model was 0.85, and the mean absolute error was 0.71. Compared with LSTM, LSTM‑attention and ARIMA, the average prediction accuracy was improved by 21.69%. Conclusion Based on the air data in the environment of COPD patients, the fusion deep network model can predict the CAT score of COPD patients more accurately. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

老年哮喘控制不良的相关因素与对策

Objective To assess the relative factors of elderly asthmatics with poor control and countermeasure. Methods The clinical data and result of investigation of 70 elderly patients with asthma were studied. Results The main type of those elderly asthmatics were persistent (42/70) and exacerbation (28/70). The first attack before the age of 60 was found in 61 cases (87.1% ). Among the 70 cases, 48(68.6% ) cases had smoking, only 5(7.1% ) persist in the inhale of corticosteriocls. There are multiple factors of medication and non - medication had related to elderly asthmatics with poor control. There is multiple sickness in those patients to influence over that. Conclusion There are multiple factors to influenve over elderly asthmatics with control. Prevention, management and treatment in the elderly asthmatics is deadly important.     

Analysis of research hotspots and frontiers in the training of health management talents in China based on knowledge mappingCSCD

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and frontiers in the training of health management talents in China based on knowledge mapping. Methods The literature related to talent training in health management was retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Journals from 2007 to 2022. The keywords used for retrieval included “health management”“curriculum system”“health manager”“evaluation system”“health service and management”and“talent training”. The time distribution of the literature was analyzed using Excel. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to visually analyze the research in health management talent training, focusing on authorship and collaboration, research institutions, high‑frequency keywords, and research hotspots. A knowledge map was created to outline the research framework. Results A total of 378 journal articles were retrieved. Over the past decade, there has been an overall increasing trend in the number of research publications related to health management talent training. The highest number of articles was published in 2021 (63 articles). In terms of spatial distribution, highly productive authors were relatively concentrated, and research institutions were mostly universities, with Hangzhou Normal University having the highest number of publications (14 articles). The research hotspots included health managers, practice teaching modes, cross‑cultivation, and discipline construction. The research frontiers concentrated on talent training modes, health service and management professions, talent demand, and curriculum system construction. Conclusions In the past decade, health management talents training in China has received more attention and importance. However, there is limited exchange and cooperation among authors and research institutions, and the research hotspots continue to extend in the direction of specialization and diversification. The transformation from vocational education to academic education and strengthening professional construction are the frontiers of the research. © 2023 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All Rights Reserved.     

明尼苏达州难民肠道寄生虫感染的流行病学

Background: The State of Minnesota is home to one of the highest number of refugee arrivals in the US. There is no published literature on the epidemiology of the common diseases identified in this population. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in primary refugee arrivals to the state of MN. Secondary objectives were to determine the association of intestinal parasite infection with the gender, age, and ethnicity of the refugees.     

Preface

Reproductive health(RH) is a fundamental right of women, and it is alsothe basis for sustainable social and economic development. RH service shouldbe provided as an important part of the essential health services. In order to im-prove the health status of the rural poor in China the Government initiated a Ba-sic Health Services Project(Health Ⅷ, 1998--08--31--2004--06--30) spon-sored by the Word Bank. The project covers 7l poor rural counties in sevenprovinces and municipality with 32 million populations. The major objectives ofHealth Ⅷ are to strengthen the capacity of basic health care provision, improveservice quality and their utilization by the rural poor.