MSCTA指导下急诊动脉栓塞治疗消化道大出血

目的探讨MSCTA指导下行急诊动脉栓塞治疗消化道大出血的临床价值。方法对14例消化道大出血病例,术前在抗休克治疗同时急诊行MSCTA检查,明确出血部位或出血动脉后行急诊动脉栓塞术,超选择插管至出血动脉支,并以明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞。结果动脉栓塞后,12例患者有效控制了出血,休克得到纠正。1例明确出血部位及性质后行急诊手术治疗,1例疑静脉出血,后行急诊内镜治疗。结论MSCTA指导下行急诊动脉栓塞术治疗消化道大出血简便迅速、准确性高、安全性好、并发症少。     

Transcatheter arterial embolization for massive abdominal bleeding in post-pancreatoduodenectomy--first report

Transcatheter arteria embolization (TAE) was carried out for 10 cases (14 times) with massive intra-abdominal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The ten patients (carcinoma of the pancreas head 4, carcinoma of the papilla Vater: 3, carcinoma of the bile duct: 2. leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum: 1) included eight men and two women aged 45 to 75, with an average age of 63.7. The time span before TAE was instituted averaged 20.8 days. 2. Infection due to leakage noted in all cases. 3. A good course was noted when manifestation of symptoms related to poor sutures or the onset of intra-abdominal bleeding after PD was delayed and the time from the onset of intra-abdominal bleeding to TAE was short. 4. Bleeding sites could be determined in all cases. Pseudoaneurysm accounted for five and extravasation accounted for nine of the total of 14 bleeding sites. The prognosis was apparently good in cases of pseudoaneurysm as compared with that in cases of extravasation. 5. Bleeding was controlled in all cases. 6. No complication due to TAE occurred. These results indicate the TAE is a safe and effective procedure for the control of massive intra-abdominal bleeding after PD.     

经导管动脉栓塞术在泌尿生殖道损伤大出血中的应用

骨盆骨折常伴有严重合并症,而且常较骨折本身更为严重,当损伤盆腔内血管时常可导致患者死亡。因此早期快速、有效的止血措施及对其它脏器损伤的判断尤为重要。1999年1月至2002年12月,本院在数字减影血管造影(digitalsubstractionangiography,DSA)下,经导管动脉栓塞介入技术(transcatheterarterialembolization,TAE)治疗骨盆骨折合并生殖道损伤导致大出血休克患者5例,取得了满意临床效果。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料:本组5例,女性,年龄22～37岁。损伤原因:车祸3例,高空坠落2例。损伤类型:2例单纯耻骨联合分离、耻骨支骨折伴阴道尿…     

Transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of facial injury

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial injuries may be associated with a variety of problems including airway obstruction and hemorrhage. We studied retrospectively the patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for facial hemorrhage. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated medical charts of the 12 patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for facial hemorrhage between January, 2000 and December, 2006. We decided clinical outcome using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and classified the patients into the favorable outcome group (GR: good recovery, MD: moderate disability), and poor outcome group (D: dead). We compared the two groups regarding blood pressure, pulse rate. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), transufused volume, interval between injury and embolization. RESULTS: From 12 cases reviewed, nine were males and three were females. The mean age was 42 years (20-73 years). Three patients were GR, one patient was MD, and eight patients were D. In the poor outcome group, shock signs were more common, and GCS was lower. The ISS was correlated with the outcome. The mean interval between injury and embolization was 3.5 hours. CONCLUSION: Patients with maxillofacial injuries may be fatal. Airway and breathing maintenance are most important. When pressure and packing fail to control the hemorrhage, prompt transcatheter arterial embolization may be effective.     

介入栓塞治疗胆道大出血

目的 :评价血管造影和栓塞对胆道大出血的诊断及治疗效果。方法 :过去 8年间收治胆道大出血6例 ,均采用腹腔动脉和选择性肝右或左动脉造影 ,随即行肝动脉分支出血点近端栓塞。结果 :6例患者经这种方法治疗 ,出血立即停止。其中有一例患者由于再出血而行第二次栓塞。所有患者均存活 ,随访半年 - 5年无再出血。结论 :胆道大出血行选择性肝动脉造影及栓塞是安全有效的诊断及治疗方法。与手术比较 ,栓塞治疗具有显著优点     

Transcatheter embolization with autologous clot in the treatment of renal bleeding

Six cases of renal bleeding which were successfully treated by transcatheter embolization with autologous clot are described and illustrated. The problems of clot lysis and consequent vessel recanalization are discussed both from an experimental and clinical point of view. It is concluded that clot embolization is suitable treatment for renal bleeding and, in selected cases, is preferable to open surgery.     

经导管动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的病例对照研究

目的:探讨经导管动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折并发大出血中的技术特点与临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析了自1998年3月至2008年2月92例骨盆骨折大出血患者的临床资料。保守组53例,其中男43例,女10例;年龄27～61岁,平均(37.2±5.7)岁;以大量输血、补液为主。栓塞组39例,男26例,女13例;年龄26～62岁,平均(35.3±9.5)岁;在上述基础治疗上加行经导管动脉栓塞术。对两组患者的输血量、输液量、休克纠正时间和存活率进行比较,并记录栓塞组患者止血有效率和术中术后并发症。结果:栓塞组患者在术后2h内出血得到控制,33例均一次性止血成功,术中无医源性神经、血管、脏器等损伤,术后3例发生下肢麻木,5例发生臀部红肿。栓塞组在输血量、输液量、休克纠正时间和存活率等指标上均优于保守组。结论:经导管动脉栓塞术是骨盆骨折大出血的一种早期、迅速、有效的急救止血手段。     

经导管肝动脉α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯胶栓塞治疗肝内出血

目的探讨以α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯胶(NBCA)作为栓塞剂经导管肝动脉栓塞治疗肝内出血的价值。方法收集接受经导管肝动脉栓塞治疗的肝动脉出血患者7例,均使用NBCA作为栓塞剂,评价技术成功率、临床有效率及相关并发症。结果造影显示假性动脉瘤6例,对比剂外溢1例。对7例患者均成功施行经导管肝动脉栓塞术,术后即刻造影假性动脉瘤和对比剂外溢征象消失,技术成功率100%;NBCA及超液化碘油混合剂用量为(0.76±0.24)ml;术后患者腹痛症状缓解,血红蛋白浓度升高,临床有效率100%。未发生手术相关并发症,随访1个月无再出血病例。结论采用NBCA胶行经导管肝动脉栓塞治疗肝内出血安全有效,具有重要临床应用价值。     

外伤性肝脏出血的血管造影诊断和栓塞治疗

目的探讨外伤性肝脏出血的DSA诊断与介入栓塞治疗的临床应用价值。方法对18例肝脏外伤出血患者行急诊动脉DSA检查和介入栓塞止血治疗,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵和（或）聚乙烯醇（PVA）微粒。结果18例DSA检查出血表现为造影剂外溢,均获得了明确诊断。18例栓塞治疗后出血均立即停止,1例在治疗后24h内出血复发,遂行二次栓塞止血成功。随访3个月,无复发出血。未见严重并发症发生。结论DSA能及时、准确的发现肝脏出血的部位,是诊断外伤性肝脏出血的可靠方法。介入栓塞术治疗外伤性肝脏出血安全、迅速、有效,并能最大限度保护肝脏功能。     

Transcatheter embolization for control of bleeding following pleurectomy.

Persistent postoperative hemorrhage following pleurectomy and decortication was stopped by selective embolization of the bleeding intercostal artery. The technique and usefulness of this procedure are discussed.     

Thoracoscopy in the treatment of intrapleural bleeding due to injury of chest wall vessels

Thoracoscopy was used in the treatment of 141 patients with penetrating wounds of chest. Injuries of chest wall vessels were diagnosed at 68 (48.2%) patients. Rate of thoracoscopy conversion due to bleeding from chest wall wounds was 4.3%. Thoracoscopy is effective at injuries of intercostals arteries and their muscular branches, but injuries of internal thoracic artery require conversion into thoracotomy at 50% cases. It is revealed that expediency of thoracoscopy is in direct proportion to time from injury point and is inversely to hemothorax volume.     

A case of coil embolization for unexpected massive bleeding caused by internal carotid artery injury

We experienced a case of coil embolization for unexpected massive bleeding due to the injury of the internal carotid artery during surgery. A 78-year-old woman underwent right maxillectomy for a malignant tumor in the maxilla. Three hours after the start of the operation, uncontrollable bleeding occurred suddenly, with the blood loss reaching 4,600 ml in 10 minutes. Blood pressure decreased precipitously, but systolic blood pressure recovered to 90 mmHg after rapid infusion and transfusion. The bleeding point could not be identified, and hemostasis by gauze compression was tried in vain. After a large amount of fluid replacement in a short period, the hemoglobin concentration decreased to 2.5 g x dl(-1) temporarily. Angiography revealed the injury of the right internal carotid artery. Coil embolization in the internal carotid artery was performed unilaterally for hemostasis. The total blood loss amounted to 28 liters, and the patient received 2,000 ml of albumin solution, 68 units of red cell concentrates and 50 units of fresh frozen plasma in addition to 18,420 ml of lactated Ringer solution. Operation time was 17 hours and 48 minutes. Despite unexpected massive bleeding and hemodilution, maxillectomy was completed and the patient recovered without any postoperative sequelae.     

急诊经导管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血

目的探讨肺结核大咯血的急诊动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗策略及疗效。方法对38例因肺结核致大咯血患者行急诊经导管动脉造影,明确出血部位后,选用明胶海绵条、弹簧圈及聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒对出血动脉行TAE,对治疗结果进行回顾性评价。结果对所有患者均成功栓塞出血动脉。29例栓塞后24h咯血停止;9例栓塞后仍有少量咯血,经保守治疗1～2周后症状消失。术后随访6～20个月,3例1年后复发,行2～3次栓塞治疗后仍有大量出血,转外科治疗。所有患者均未出现严重并发症。结论急诊TAE治疗肺结核所致大咯血安全、有效;彻底全面地栓塞出血动脉是治疗成功的关键。     

经动脉介入栓塞治疗颅面部创伤性大出血

目的探讨经动脉介入栓塞治疗颅面部创伤致急性、难治性大出血的临床疗效及价值。方法 32例颅面部创伤患者中,颅底骨折致口、鼻、耳道大出血28例,面颅骨骨折致口、鼻大出血4例,所有患者经动脉造影确定出血靶血管及范围后接受经动脉介入栓塞治疗,并评价其疗效。结果 32例均成功止血,未出现严重并发症。结论经动脉介入栓塞治疗颅面部创伤致急性大出血,创伤小、止血迅速、安全有效,可成为临床首选治疗方法。     

急诊经导管支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血

目的探讨急诊经导管支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血的疗效。方法回顾性分析17例支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血患者动脉造影表现及急诊BAE的疗效。经急诊动脉造影明确出血部位后,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒和明胶海绵条对出血动脉行BAE;术后评价疗效、并发症及咯血复发情况。结果 17例中共发现29支病变支气管动脉,成功予以栓塞。BAE术后16例24h内完全停止咯血,1例于术后2天完全停止咯血。5例于BAE后接受外科手术,切除原发病灶。BAE后未发生严重并发症,随访2年,咯血均无复发。结论急诊BAE治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血安全、有效。     

Percutaneous transcatheter embolization for massive bleeding from pelvic fractures

The effectiveness of transcatheter embolization was studied prospectively from January 1977 through July 1984 in 31 patients with extensive pelvic fractures, hypotension, and large retroperitoneal hematomas. The indications for angiography in patients with pelvic fractures included: four or more units of blood transfusion within 24 hours, six or more units of blood transfusion within 48 hours, negative or borderline peritoneal tap and lavage in an unstable patient, or large pelvic retroperitoneal hematoma discovered at time of celiotomy. Successful embolization with complete control of hemorrhage was achieved in 27 patients (87.1%). Overall mortality was 35.5%, but was primarily due to associated injuries. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization was the procedure of choice for controlling massive pelvic retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Early embolization was imperative in reducing transfusion requirements and associated complications.