皮肌炎伴右耳耵聍腺癌1例

皮肌炎伴发恶性肿瘤的报道渐多，其中以乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌多见，耳鼻喉科中有较多件发鼻咽癌的报道，而伴发耳部癌肿者少见，笔者经治皮肌炎伴右耳耵聍腺癌1例，报告如下。患者．女，29岁。1992年1月20日入院。5年前外胎光明显原因下出现面部潮红、肿胀伴紫红色斑，问     

皮肌炎与鼻咽癌的关系初探

为探讨皮肌炎与恶性肿瘤，尤其是与鼻咽癌的发病关系，报告１２例皮肌为并发鼻咽癌患者的临床资料。１２例除应用皮质激素＋抗生素治疗皮肌炎外，还对鼻咽肿瘤和颈部转移病灶进行放射治疗。１例死亡，１１例鼻咽癌肿瘤得到控制，皮肌炎病情痊愈或好转。经随访，１年、３年５年生存率分别为８３．３％，６６．７％和３３．３％。表明上肌炎与肿瘤之间有较明显的因果关系，只要癌肿得到成功治疗，皮肌炎就可缓解或消退，近期预后较好。     

皮肌炎并咽部恶性肿瘤（附3例报告）

报告３例皮肌炎患者２，例并鼻咽癌，１例并扁桃体癌的诊治经过，对皮肌炎并恶性肿瘤的诊治，预后及关系进行讨论，强调对皮肌炎患者地耳鼻咽喉检查的重要性。     

皮肌炎并鼻咽癌一例

皮肌炎并鼻咽癌一例方庆动，吴婉芬，施清士患者，男，３６岁。面颈部发红、水肿３月余，伴四肢肌肉酸痛乏力，行走不便；随后胸、背、腹部及四肢皮肤发红。近２个月来右鼻塞、鼻涕带血，右耳鸣，右侧颈部出现肿块。体检：额、颏、两侧面颊、眼睑、鼻根、耳后、颈、项、上...     

鼻咽癌误诊23例分析

目的分析鼻咽癌误诊原因,并就如何减少误诊和早期确诊鼻咽癌进行探讨.方法报告23例鼻咽癌误诊病例,对误诊科室、误诊疾病及误诊经过进行归纳总结.结果调查发现鼻咽癌误诊科室有内科、外科、口腔科、眼科、皮肤科及耳鼻咽喉科.误诊疾病依次为淋巴结炎、淋巴瘤、鼻息肉、鼻咽纤维血管瘤、慢性咽喉炎、视力下降查因、偏头痛、皮肌炎等.结论误诊原因主要与鼻咽癌起病位置隐蔽、早期无特异症状及临床医生缺乏对鼻咽癌合并症与并发症的认识.推荐对怀疑鼻咽癌者行鼻内窥镜检查并活检.     

皮肌炎伴声嘶、吞咽困难1例

皮肌炎伴声嘶、吞咽困难者少见，我科遇到1例，报道如下。患者男性，63岁，因双下肢无力3年，持续性声音嘶哑2年，全身皮肤发红1年伴吞咽困难20余天于1995年8月16日入院。该患者入院3年前受凉后出现双下肢疼痛、无力，以小腿显著，伴下蹲困难，每行走250m左右即有双小腿乏力、紧缩感，需停下休息。2年前无诱因出现声音嘶哑，持续渐进性，发声无力，因不伴其它不适末诊治。l年前发现全县皮肤红斑，入院20余天前无诱因出现进平性食物吞咽困难，饮水哈咳，双下肢无力加重，行走困难，故因声嘶及吞咽困难首诊于我科。入院体查：全身皮肤可见弥漫…     

首诊于耳鼻喉科的皮肌炎患者3例报告

皮肌炎系少见而严重的自身免疫性疾病，以皮肤及横纹肌非化脓性炎症、肌酸尿为特征。早期可有吞咽、发音、呼吸功能障碍等咽、喉、呼吸肌受累的表现。近年似呈增加趋势。约6％～52％伴发恶性肿瘤，其中国内鼻咽癌占50％～70％，故日益受到耳鼻咽喉科医师重视。笔者9年中曾遇3例     

鼻咽癌误诊分析

鼻咽癌发生于隐蔽的解剖部位,早期往往无典型症状,易延误诊断,一旦出现症状,没能及时就诊或临床医师缺乏鼻咽癌合并症及并发症的认识,均可造成鼻咽癌的延误诊断.现将我院未能及时诊断的19例鼻咽癌患者进行分析,报道如下.     

鼻咽癌和人乳头状瘤病毒

鼻咽癌是头颈部肿瘤中发病率较高的肿瘤之一,其相关的病因学机制仍不明确,鼻咽癌与EB病毒关系密切,但并不是所有鼻咽癌均与EB病毒相关。人乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）与生殖道肿瘤、淋巴瘤和咽喉部肿瘤关系密切,鼻咽癌与HPV感染相关性的研究报道较少。本文就鼻咽癌与HPV感染的相关性做一综述。     

鼻内镜在鼻咽癌放疗后检查中的应用价值

鼻咽癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤之一,首选放射疗法（简称放疗）,放疗后需定期复查。为了探讨鼻内镜在鼻咽癌放疗后复查的应用价值,现将我院耳鼻咽喉科进行鼻内镜检查的鼻咽癌放疗后患者160例报道如下。     

HPV and head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is frequent worldwide and oropharyngeal locations are presently sharply on the increase, in relation with an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal infection by oncogenic type-16 human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical and biologic profile of these patients is distinct from that of other oropharyngeal carcinoma patients, with earlier onset, cystic cervical nodes and basaloid carcinoma histopathology. Detection of intratumoral viral DNA is essential to confirm the role of HPV, and E6/E7 mRNA expression is the most relevant indicator for stratification. Several methods can reveal intratumoral oncogenic HPV DNA, but PCR with hybridization is the most sensitive and most widely used. According to several reports, prognosis in terms of survival and locoregional control is better in HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma than in oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. The future lies in vaccination, but further studies will determine whether the rate of oropharyngeal carcinoma falls in women vaccinated against cervical cancer.     

Papillomavirus and head and neck cancer

Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for head and neck cancers. Papillomavirus (HPV) infection was recently associated with the development of malignant tumors of the oropharynx, according to molecular and biological arguments. We describe the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV infections, the epidemiological and clinical aspects of associated head and neck cancers, their prognosis, and issues of specific therapeutic strategies.     

紫杉醇与头颈部肿瘤

为了解紫杉醇治疗鼻咽癌、喉癌及其他头颈部肿瘤的疗效及作用机理，本文分析了近年来的文献27篇。紫杉醇通过稳定微管、阻断细胞的有丝分裂和增殖，从而显著地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长并促进细胞调亡，在头颈部肿瘤同期放化疗中能起到放疗增敏作用，单独或联合其他抗癌药物治疗亦有较佳的疗效。紫杉酵是一种具有良好抗癌活性的药物，随着研究的深入，将会在头颈部肿瘤的治疗中发挥更大的作用。     

Aging and olfactory and taste function

This article focuses on the change in olfaction and taste with aging. It discusses histopathology with an emphasis on age-related changes, causes of chemosensory dysfunction in the elderly, how to evaluate a patient with dysfunction, useful tests and imaging, clinical consequences of chemosensory impairments, and available treatment options.     

Nutrition and taste and smell dysfunction

Food selection plays a pivotal role in maintaining adequate nutrient intake, thus elucidating drivers of food choice is a meaningful strategy to maintain health and manage disease. Taste and smell are key determinants of food choice and warrant careful consideration. In this review, we first discuss how sensory stimulation influences food selection and metabolism. We then review the evidence regarding the relationship between taste and smell dysfunction and food preferences and selection, with attention given to contexts of certain chronic diseases. We conclude with brief recommendations for the management of chemosensory disorders. While sensory abilities influence food selection, the effect of taste and smell dysfunction on long-term consumption patterns and health status must be considered in light of environment, exposure, and culture.     

Pepsin and Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas are common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the incidence of both is increasing. Laryngopharyngeal reflux refers to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx, and/or nasopharynx. It remains controversial whether laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The refluxing substances mainly include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and occasionally bile acids and bile salts, as well as bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of epithelium in the mucous membrane of the larynx and hypopharynx is thought to be caused by pepsin. Here, we review the relationships between laryngopharyngeal reflux and both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as the significance of pepsin, methods of clinical detection, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.