Evaluation of automated basophil counting by using fluorescence-labelled monoclonal antibodies

The shortcomings of current methods of basophil enumeration detract from the clinical value of the basophil count. Moreover, sophisticated and costly techniques of automated basophil counting hardly can be validated for lack of a suitable reference method. We investigated whether a flow cytometric technique using double staining with fluorescence-labelled monoclonal antibodies (mAb) CD45-FITC and CD14-PE on a Coulter Epics Profile II could be used to evaluate basophil counting performance of hematology analyzers. The technique was compared with the 800-cell manual differential, the Coulter STKS, and the Cobas Argos 5 Diff. Precision: STKS, Argos and Profile II showed a precision analogous to a 2,173, 2,250-, and 14,705-cell differential, respectively, illustrating the superiority of automated methods. Accuracy (150 normal and abnormal samples): Using the Profile II as reference the STKS showed a notably weaker correlation than the Argos (r = 0.581 and 0.718, respectively), although this difference was nearly concealed when the imprecise manual differential served as reference (r = 0.517 and 0.562, respectively). The Profile 11 correlated relatively well with the manual differential (r = 0.730). Analyzing 137 healthy adult subjects, we obtained a reference range of 0.33 to 1.35% (0.020 to 0.102 × 10⁹, basophils/L) for the mAb-based method. These data would recommend mAb-based basophil counting as a valuable tool for instrument evaluation. However, an observed bias of 0.09% against the manual differential suggests that modifications are necessary before this technique can be considered as new reference method. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

抑郁症患者计数Stroop的临床研究

目的采用计数Stroop任务研究抑郁症患者对简单数字加工的注意执行功能状态。方法对30例抑郁症患者及30例对照组进行计数Stroop任务操作。比较分析准确率及反应时。结果抑郁症患者对简单数字加工的准确率与正常对照组一样均为100％;抑郁症患者在执行视觉计数Stroop任务时对三种刺激类型的反应时[匹配：（999．28±95．23）ms、中性：（1037．95±100．06）ms、干扰：（1099．98±101．30）ms]均明显长于对照组[匹配：（803．69±48．40）ms、中性：（817．57±56．12）ms、干扰：（896．39±45．19）ms],差异均有统计学意义（t分别=10．03、10．52、10．06．P均〈0．05）。结论抑郁症患者在简单数字加工过程中的注意执行功能下降。     

护理服务成本核算研究体系的思路与模型

对护理成本核算的现况与背景、护理成本核算的内容及意义、护理成本核算的思路进行了阐述。     

PLT-F计数低值血小板的准确性评价

目的探讨Sysmex XN-9000全自动血细胞分析仪PLT-F通道在低值血小板测定中的临床意义。方法采用Sysmex XN-9000全自动血细胞分析仪的3种方法电阻抗法(PLT-I)、光学法(PLT-O)、荧光核酸染色法(PLT-F)进行血小板计数,从精密度、低值血小板及红细胞碎片干扰评价,并与使用抗CD61抗体的流式细胞术检测结果进行比较。结果与电阻抗法(PLT-I)、光学法(PLT-O)相比,荧光核酸染色法(PLT-F)的重复性最好,精确度较高;在红细胞碎片干扰实验中,PLT-F具有较强的抗干扰能力(高、低浓度组P0.05),PLT-O次之(高浓度组P0.01,低浓度组P0.05);低值血小板相关分析结果显示3种方法都得到良好的相关性,PLT-F法的准确性较高,尤其在低值血小板计数中。结论临床常规标本可以使用Sysmex XN-9000全自动血液分析仪的PLT-I法检测,当标本血小板数目异常或溶血时,建议使用PLT-O法或PLT-F法复查,必要时采用镜检法或流式细胞术。     

仪器法检测新生儿网织红细胞计数结果的分析

目的探讨本地区新生儿网织红细胞计数(Ret)结果的性别差异,同时与传统的方法学比较,评价两种方法结果的可靠性。方法应用Sysmex XE-2100全自动血液分析仪和手工法同时进行计数。结果仪器法:男性新生儿Ret为(3.69±1.22)%,女性新生儿Ret为(2.92±1.10)%,手工法:男性新生儿Ret为(3.18±1.58)%,女性新生儿Ret为(2.41±1.30)%。结论 (1)男性与女性新生儿Ret结果经统计学处理差异无统计学意义;(2)两种方法比较的结果差异无统计学意义,但仪器法的重复性要好于手工法。     

Sysmex XT-2000i检测血小板直方图分布异常时仪器计数与手工计数的比较

目的出现血小板直方图分布异常时,仪器与手工镜检血小板计数的比较。方法选择Sysmex XT-2000i检测的血小板直方图分布异常样本127例,其中红细胞MCV<70fl的有50例,红细胞MCV>70fl的有55例,所有样本均用手工镜检计数。结果无论MCV<70n还是MCV>70fl,仪器与手工计数血小板均存在显著性差异。当MCV<70fl时,仪器计数高于手工计数值;当MCV>70fl时,仪器计数小于手工计数值。结论Sysmex XT-2000i在出现血小板直方图分布异常时,需用手工计数进行纠正以减少误诊。     

SYSMEX XE-5000血液分析仪血小板准确计数的相关分析

目的探讨红细胞碎片(FRC)、红细胞体积(MCV)、血小板参数[血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、血小板压积(PCT)]、幼稚血小板(IPF)对SYSMEX XE-5000血液分析仪(简称XE-5000)计数血小板(PLT)准确性的影响。方法选取采用XE-5000电阻抗法检测无FRC的标本200例,按MCV(60、60~70、70~80、≥80 fL)分为4组(A1组、B1组、C1组、D1组,每组各50例);选取MCV≥70 fL且FRC分别为0.1%~0.99%(A2组)、≥1.0%(B2组)的标本各40例;选取MCV≥70 fL且无FRC、PLT参数(PDW、PCT、PLCR)显示"—"(表示检测不出结果)的标本50例(C2组),分别采用电阻抗法、光学法和手工法计数以上330例标本的PLT并推片镜检;分别采用电阻抗法、光学法和手工法连续5 d测定1例幼稚PLT增高患者的PLT并进行镜检。结果 A1组、A2组、B1组、B2组、C2组电阻抗法和手工法计数PLT差异有统计学意义(P0.05),C1组和D1组两种方法之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A1组、B1组、C1组、D1组、A2组、B2组、C2组光学法与手工法计数PLT差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。电阻抗法测定幼稚PLT增高患者的PLT连续5 d均低于手工法和光学法;手工法计数PLT结果相对稳定,而电阻抗法、光学法结果随着幼稚PLT的不断成熟而增高,镜检有大量巨大PLT。结论采用XE-5000测定MCV70 fL、含有FRC或PLT参数结果显示"—"的标本时应选择光学法通道进行PLT复查,并进行涂片镜检。IPF增高且镜检有较多巨大PLT的标本应进行手工计数。     

A study of the effectiveness of different measuring times and counting methods of human radial pulse rates

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of measuring resting radial pulse rates by the use of three measuring times: 15, 30 and 60 s; and two counting methods: one beginning with zero (0) and the other with one (1). A two-factor within-subjects experimental design was used to determine the mean difference between pulse rates obtained from the radial artery, and the heart rates recorded by simultaneous electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. The sample comprised 206 students. Mean difference was used to calculate the extent of any differences between radial pulse rates and the rate shown by the ECG. The interaction between measuring time and counting methods was confirmed using a two-factor within-subjects analysis of variance. For all types of measuring time, the counting from zero method produced a greater mean difference than the counting from one method. For all measuring times, the mean difference between radial pulse rates and rates shown by the ECG were non-significant in the counting from one method. In other words, when the pulse rate is counted from one, the rates obtained at 15 or 30 s could be used to predict the one-minute resting pulse rates. The results of this study can contribute to the evidence base for this commonly used aspect of patient care.     

不同疾病低血小板样本阻抗法与手工法计数的评价

目的 探讨不同疾病引起的低血小板样本在阻抗法血细胞分析仪与手工法血小板计数时存在的差异。方法 将239例低血小板(<80×10~9/L样本,其中肝病73例、恶性肿瘤化疗后58例、血液病108例,分别采用阻抗法血细胞分析仪和手工法同时计数血小板,再接仪器检测结果将不同疾病的血小板数分为<25×10~9/L、25～50×10~9/L、50～80×10~9/L三组,然后将两法结果进行比较分析。结果 当血小板数<25×10~9/L时,三类病仪器法均明显低于手工法(P<0.01);血小板数在25～50×10~9/L时,血液病样本两法结果无显著性差异(P>0.05),而肝病和恶性肿瘤化疗后的样本仪器法仍明显低于手工法(P<0.05);血小板数在50～80×10~9/L时,三类疾病两法结果均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 阻抗法自动血细胞分析仪计数血小板时,对肝病和恶性肿瘤化疗后的患者血小板计数<50×10~9/L的样本应进行手工计数复检,而血液病患者血小板手工复检计数范围可放宽到<25×10~9/L的样本。     

Sysmex XE-2100全自动血液分析仪计数胸腹水有核细胞的评价

目的观察Sysmex XE-2100全自动血液分析仪（简称XE-2100）白细胞计数通道（DIFF通道）计数胸腹水有核细胞的能力表现。方法按胸腹水中有核细胞的含量分为低浓度、高浓度2组标本,使用XE-2100（荧光化学染色光学法）检测,将所获得的DIFF通道数据与手工显微镜镜检法相比较。结果对于胸腹水总浓度、低浓度、高浓度区间DIFF通道与手工镜检法间相关系数（r）分别为0.988 2、0.928 5、0.976 8。结论 XE-2100DIFF通道与手工镜检法的相关性较好,可以适用于常规胸腹水标本的有核细胞计数。     

Effects of baclofen on oral counting,arithmetic, and symbol decoding: An explorative multiple-baseline design across subjects

Sedation is a well-recognized side effect of the antispasticity medication baclofen. The literature discussing baclofen has shown that it is detrimental to memory and learning in individuals with known cognitive dysfunction. There is no information on how baclofen effects the function of individuals with normal baseline cognition despite frequent clinical reports of symptoms. This study explored the effect of baclofen on counting, arithmetic, and symbol decoding over a 9-week period of time on five adult males with traumatic spinal cord injury and no known cognitive dysfunction. We employed a repeated-measures, multiple baseline, double-blind, single-subject research design. The independent variable was antispasticity medication treatment, where the levels were 40 and 80 mg/day of baclofen versus placebo treatment. The dependent variables were speed and accuracy of counting integers, solving arithmetic problems, and decoding symbols. Slope and trend analysis of these data showed no change in counting and arithmetic tasks for all five subjects between each phase of the study. Changes were evident regarding ability to decode symbols, with varying trends across phases and subjects. Results of this study showed that baclofen, in low to moderate doses, did not seem to affect subjects' performance of oral counting or solving arithmetic problems. Baclofen did affect subjects' performance of symbol decoding, but with no consistent trend. These results suggest that further study of problem solving and memory funtion during baclofen administration would be useful.     

You can count on the motor cortex: finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers

The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing.     

Comparison between Nageotte and flow cytometric counting of residual leucocytes in freshly prepared leucocyte-reduced red blood cell components

Background

Flow cytometry (FC) and Nageotte hemocytometry represent the most widely accepted methods for counting residual white blood cells (rWBCs) in leucocyte-reduced (LR) blood components. Our aim was to study the agreement between the two methods, under real working blood bank conditions.

光学法与电阻抗法血小板计数差异及仪器报警信息分析

目的：以手工显微镜计数法为参考,比较光学法与电阻抗法计数血小板的差异,并对仪器报警信息进行分析。方法应用SysmexXE‐2100全自动血液分析仪,同时采用光学法、电阻抗法检测468例患者的血小板计数（PLT‐O、PLT‐I）,并与手工显微镜计数法检测的血小板计数（PLT‐M）进行比较,同时镜检观察红细胞与血小板的数量及形态,并记录仪器的红细胞和血小板的报警信息。结果非血液病组中,PLT‐M、PLT‐I、PLT‐O差异无统计学意义（P＝0．071）。血液病组中,PLT‐I与PLT‐M、PLT‐O差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,PLT‐M与PLT‐O差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。血液病组仪器出现血小板报警信息者149例,出现红细胞报警信息者127例,与镜检结果较符合。结论当血小板计数低于正常参考范围内时,PLT‐I计数误差较大,需PLT‐M和PLT‐O方法复检或校正;当出现血小板或红细胞报警信息时,均需涂片复检。     

流式细胞仪与镜检法计数网织红细胞的比较

目的建立流式细胞仪计数网织红细胞的方法并应用于临床。方法5ul全血加入噻唑橙染液中，流式细胞仪计数10万个红细胞，分析其中的网织红细胞数并与镜检法比较。结果流式细胞仪法与镜检法计数网织红细胞结果差异无显著性。结论流式细胞仪计数网织红细胞快速．结果准确．且重复性好，适合临床常规检测网织红细胞。     

Carbohydrate counting in diabetes

Carbohydrate counting is an effective tool to aid the management of blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. All those with this condition should be offered the opportunity to learn about carbohydrate counting at diagnosis and have access to structured education programmes such as Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE).