Immunocytochemical localization of the α-subunit of G-proteins in macrophages andEscherichia coli interacting with each other

The immunocytochemical localization of the α-subunit of G-proteins is established in murine macrophage-like P388D1 cells, inE. coli, and in L-forms ofE. coli. It is shown that the cytoplasmic concentration of G-proteins is increased in macrophages interacting with the bacteria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 309–311, March, 1996 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Assessment of the toxic and protective effects of initiators and inhibitors of free radical reactions using a wild-type strain ofEscherichia coli and a strain deficient for superoxide dismutase

The toxic effects of H₂O₂, paraquat, and oxidized low density lipoproteins are more expressed on superoxide dismutase-deficientE. coli strains than on its wild-type strains, and the effect of tert-butyl-hydroperoxide is less dependent on the presence or absence of this enzyme in the bacterium, whereas that of bleomycin does not depend on it at all. The toxicity of the agents increases in the following series: H₂O₂<oxidized low density lipoproteins<tert-butyl-hydroperoxide <paraquat≪bleomycin. A culture ofE. coli strains AB 1157 and JI 132 may be used for assessing the toxic effect of prooxidants, and anE. coli JI 132 culture with oxidative stress induced by prooxidants as a test system for detecting the potential antioxidants and assessing the mechanism of the action. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o , pp. 74–79, January, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Disorders in the structural and metabolic organization of liver acini in systemic endotoxemia

Injection ofEscherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to dogs caused pronounced structural and metabolic changes of liver acini, characterized by the development of compensatory reactions to the endotoxin followed by their failure. In addition to hypoxia, depressed activity of hepatocyte dehydrogenases and diaphorases with impairment of the intraacinar gradient of their activity, leading to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, appears to underlie the involvement of the liver in systemic endotoxemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 643–646, December, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Preparation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies toSalmonella typhimurium K-antigen

Monoclonal antibodies toS. typhimurium K-antigens representing IgG1 immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain are prepared and characterized. They are highly active in indirect enzyme immunoassay with purified K-antigens and whole fixedS. typhimurium cells and virtually do not cross-react with O-antigen of the same bacterial species or withE. coli antigenic structures. The kinetics of binding and ability to agglutinate whole bacterial cells are studied and epitope analysis is carried out, which shows that antigenic determinants ofS. typhimurium K-antigen qualitatively differ from those of O-antigen of the same bacterium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 633–635, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Interactions between the genetic transfer-inhibiting systems finU and finV in polyplasmid complexes ofEscherichia coli K-12 cells

The inhibition of conjugative transfer of derepressed plasmids was appreciably increased in polyplasmid complexes ofEscherichia coli K-12 cells containing two repressed conjugative plasmids with the finV system of genetic transfer regulation, in comparison with the individual effects of each of the two plasmids. Combination of two plasmids with the finU system or of plasmids with the finU and finV systems did not result in such an increase of inhibitory activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 619–622, December, 1995 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

How the ability of bacteria to inactivate natural antiinfectious resistance factors affects their resistance to the bactericidal action of the blood (Serum)

A relationship is found between the resistance ofEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andStaphylococcus epidermidis to human serum and whole blood and their ability to inactivate the factors of natural antiinfectious resistance (lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, and a bactericidal fraction of leukocytic interferon). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 174–176, February, 1996     

Experession of human interleukin-10 inEscherichia coli cells

The human interleukin-10 gene has been synthesized by the chemical enzymatic method. Vectors for cytoplasmic and periplasmic expression of recombinant interleukin-10 have been obtained inE. coli cells. A high level of protein expression was found to be characteristic of only recombinant strains producing interleukin-10 as “fused” protein (fused with the N-terminal fragment of interleukin-3). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 324–327, March, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences). (Address for correspondence: Nauchnyi Pr. 8, 117246 Moscow, fax 331-01-01.     

Significance of bacterial agglutination in the development of experimental sepsis

The development of signs of generalized infection were studied in rats infected with a suspension ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, with dissociated (controls) or agglutinated (experiment) immune serum. All signs of the generalization of the process were reliably lower in the experiment than in the control. A favorable course of the infection after the administration of agglutinated agent indicated that the infection was generalized and secondary foci were initiated during the first days postinoculation, when antibodies to the agent had not yet been produced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 292–294, September, 1994 Presented by V. D. Fedorov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

On the erythron response to inflammation and its mechanisms

Using the mouse model of acute infectious peritonitis caused byEscherichia coli, it is shown that the development of inflammation is accompanied by increases in the number of erythrokaryocytes, erythroid colony-forming units, and erythroid hematopoietic islets in the bone marrow and by rises in the activities of supernatants of cultured stimulated adherent and nonadherent myelokaryocytes and of peripheral blood. The results of this study indicate that a characteristic, feature of acute inflammation is strong activation of erythropoiesis with the development of hyperplasia of the erythroid marrow. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 382–384, October, 1995     

Interaction between multiply modified (desialylated) low-density lipoproteins isolated from blood of atherosclerotic patients and cell receptors

It is shown that binding of native LDL to fibroblasts expressing the B,E-receptors is twice as high as that of desialylated LDL. An excess of acetylated LDL inhibits binding, uptake, and degradation of¹²⁵I-desialylated LDL by macrophages, while an excess of desialylated LDL inhibits binding, uptake, and degradation of acetylated LDL. Desialylated LDL may interact with both B,E and scavenger receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 53–55, January, 1994     

Some cytochemical peculiarities of the rat brain motor system after space flight

The results of cytochemical cytometry of rat brain suggest that a 9-day exposure of rats to microgravitation conditions lowers the activity of monoaminoxidase in the fibrous structures of layer V of the somatosensory cortex and in the head ofnucleus caudatus, as well as the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the bodies of neurons forming the head ofn. caudatus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 288–290, March, 1995 Presented by the late O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

RecombinantEscherichia coli strains provide high-level expression of human interleukin-3 and interleukin-4

A number of expression vectors carrying the genes coding for interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 are constructed. The influence of the promoter type, the ribosome-binding site, and the number of plasmid copies on the expression of recombinant proteins and the stability of producing strains is studied.Escherichia coli strains providing a stable high level production of human interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 are obtained. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 83–85, January, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of salicylates on the toxicity of GABA-lytics in mice

Preliminary injection of aspirin and salicylic acid increases the toxicity of picrotoxin, but not of bicuculline. Aspirin inhibits binding of³H-diazepam and N-methyl-³H-methylphenazepam with membranes from the brain of intact mice. In view of the fact that salicylates reduce the content and sorption capacity of serum albumin, this protein can be assumed to be involved in the detoxication of picrotoxin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 619–620, June, 1995     

Distribution of a morphogenic peptide activating the head growth of hydra in rat organs following intravascular administration of3H-labeled peptide

The organ distribution of radioactivity following intravascular bolus injection of³H-Lys-head growth activator in rats was studied. Two minutes after injection the renal level of radioactivity exceeded the blood level 7-fold; 80% of the total activity was bound with the blood cell membranes. An analysis of chemical derivatives of the labeled peptide in the plasma by means of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of several groups of radioactive metabolites with different hydrophilic properties. High-performance liquid chromatography of blood extracts obtained from samples taken 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 31, and 60 min after injection showed the transformation of initially hydrophobic head growth activator into more hydrophilic fragments. The³H-Lys-head growth activator-associated radioactivity could be reliably detected in the blood onl during the first two minutes after injection. The half-period of blood-to-organ distribution of³H-labeled head growth activator lasted less than 30 seconds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 466–469, November, 1994 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ca2+ transport of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during readaptation of rats after a 40-day load relief on the hind paws

The rate of Ca²⁺ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius lateralis, m. vastus medialis, andm. soleus) is studied in rats under conditions of functional off-loading of the hind paws (suspending animals by the tail). The rate of Ca²⁺ transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is shown to be stepped up in all these muscles. In the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis the Ca²⁺ transport rate reliably drops, which does not occur inm. soleus. During a 2-week period of readaptation of animals suspended for 40 days, the Ca²⁺-transporting function of them. soleus sarcoplasmic reticulum gradually recovers to reach the control values, whereas the time course of recovery of Ca²⁺-pump activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis has a phasic pattern. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsity, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 591–595, December, 1994 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies to O-antigen (0–4.5) ofSalmonella typhimurium serogroup B

Sixteen clones secreting murine monoclonal antibodies of various specificities toSalmonella antigens are obtained. One of the clones is highly specific toSalmonella typhimurium (serogroup B) O-antigen in enzyme immunoassay. The resultant antibodies are IgG2a immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain. The connecting epitope includes abequose-mannose-rhamnose trisaccharide. Antibodies are bound toS. typhimurium whole cells and do not cross-react with representatives of theE. coli family. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 630–632, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Radiometric evaluation of the effect of xenobiotics on proliferation of bone marrow cells in mice

A radiometric method of evaluating the effect of chemical compounds on the proliferative activity of bone marrow cells is described which consists of measuring the incorporation of labeled³H-thymidine in DNA. Results are reported on a comparative study of the effect of known immunotropic substances on bone marrow cell proliferation using the present method and the method of evaluating endogenous colony formation. Analysis of the results obtained by two variants ofin vivo andin vitro experiments provides additional information regarding the mechanism of action of the substances. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 222–224, August, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Specific features of the candidal infectious process under conditions of polychemotherapy

Foci of candidal pneumonia in the presence of iatrogenic immunodeficiency and dysbacteriosis caused by preinjection of cyclophosphamide and ampiox were examined by histoautoradiography and light and electron microscopy. Not only did the pathomorphogenesis ofCandida infection, type of manifestation of tissue defense reactions, and degree of manifestation of the pathogenic characteristics of the agent change under such conditions, but the mediation of the inflammation as well. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 506–510, November, 1995     

Ultrastructural analysis and autoradiography of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastroduodenal ulcer

The mucosa of the fundal and pyloric portions of the stomach in chronic gastroduodenal ulcer is shown to exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity. Regularities of the regenerative-plastic reactions in the epithelium are revealed from the indexes of³H-uridine and³H-thymidine incorporation. Inflammatory-sclerotic changes of the gastric mucosa showed different proliferative and metabolic activity of epitheliocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 198–202, August, 1994 Presented by L. D. Sidorova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica mutant strain No. 1

the effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica No. 1 was studied during culturing in the pH-auxostat mode. Growth inhibition set in starting from a 2.64 g/liter residual concentration of ethanol. The constant of ethanol inhibition was 11.0 g/liter. Growth inhibition with ethanol was associated with changes of the fatty-acid composition of lipids and a resultant reduction of lipid unsaturation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 71–73, January, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences