18F-FDG PET/CT在黑色素瘤中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在黑色素瘤诊断、临床分期及监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移灶中的应用价值.方法 黑色素瘤患者61例,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析.肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访结果诊断.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对黑色素瘤病灶检出的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%(40/44)、88.2%(15/17)和90.2%(55/61).其中12例治疗前患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的灵敏度为83.3%(10/12).在黑色素瘤病灶局部切除、尚未进行其他治疗的9例患者中,5例残余病灶18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出3例;4例远处转移灶患者全被检出,提高了临床分期,改变了治疗方案.首先发现转移性黑色素瘤病灶并且手术切除后,寻找原发灶的7例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶2例,4例其他转移灶全被检出.黑色素瘤患者根治术后监测肿瘤复发或转移患者33例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100.0%(19/19)、85.7%(12/14)和93.9%(31/33).与同期临床其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像发现更多,33例患者中,16例(48.5%)病灶提高临床分期;7例(21.2%)排除可疑病灶,降低临床分期;10例(30.3%)检出病灶与临床一致.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于黑色素瘤的诊断,残余病灶、复发病灶及转移灶的检出,临床分期的明确具有重要价值.     

18-FDG PET/CT在肝癌治疗后AFP升高患者中的应用

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检测肝癌治疗后甲胎蛋白(AFP)升高患者肿瘤复发和(或)转移病灶的价值.方法 原发性肝细胞癌治疗后血清AFP升高患者123例,皆行全身18F-FDG PET/CT显像.所有图像经图像融合后,进行PET/CT融合图像、PET图像和CT图像帧对帧对比分析.肿瘤复发和(或)转移病灶根据病理检查结果、多种影像学诊断及临床随访而确诊.随访时间均>6个月.采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学处理,进行X2检验.结果 123例患者中,明确诊断肿瘤复发和(或)转移者111例.18F-FDG PET显像诊断肿瘤复发和(或)转移78例,其灵敏度为70.3%(78/111);18F.FDG PET/CT显像诊断肿瘤复发和(或)转移97例,灵敏度提高至87.4%(97/111,χ2=9.744,P=0.002).18F.FDG PET/CT诊断肝癌复发和转移的特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83.3%(10/12)、87.0%(107/123)、98.0%(97/99)和41.7%(10/24).9例高分化肝细胞癌患者均确诊为肿瘤复发和(或)转移,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断其肿瘤复发和(或)转移5例,灵敏度(5/9)明显低于总体灵敏度(87.4%;χ2=6.616,P=0.01).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像在检测原发性肝癌治疗后AFP升高患者肿瘤复发和(或)转移病灶中有较好的应用价值,但高分化肝细胞癌可能出现假阴性.     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在原发灶不明的颈部淋巴结转移瘤中的应用研究

目的探讨~(18)F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在颈部淋巴结转移瘤中寻找原发灶的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析于青岛大学附属医院行~(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查且病理确诊颈部淋巴结转移瘤的患者87例。分析颈部淋巴结转移瘤的病理类型及原发灶组织器官来源,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断原发灶的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果颈部淋巴结转移瘤病理类型包括鳞状细胞癌49例(56. 3%)、腺癌23例(26. 4%)、小细胞癌6例(6. 9%)、其他9例(10. 3%)。经病理确诊原发灶71例(81. 6%):其中咽部肿瘤32例(喉咽15例、鼻咽14例、口咽3例)(44. 4%)、肺癌16例(22. 5%)、食管癌6例(8. 5%)、子宫癌3例(4. 2%)、扁桃体癌3例(4. 2%)、其他恶性肿瘤11例(15. 5%)。原发灶病理构成:鳞状细胞癌43例(60. 6%)、腺癌19例(26. 8%)、小细胞癌6例(8. 5%)、其他3例(4. 2%)。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT全身显像正确诊断63例。灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为:88. 7%(63/71)、31. 3%(5/16)、85. 1%(63/74)、38. 5%(5/13)、78. 2%(68/87)。结论颈部淋巴结转移瘤的原发灶主要集中在咽部、肺、食道等,以鳞癌、腺癌为主,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT全身显像寻找原发灶具有较高的灵敏度和阳性预测值;确诊或可疑颈部淋巴结转移瘤时寻找原发灶可首选~(18)F-FDG PET/CT全身显像。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在宫颈癌术后复发和转移中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在宫颈癌术后复发和转移中的应用价值.方法 搜集临床可疑宫颈癌术后复发和转移患者65例,年龄23～77岁,平均48.7岁.所有宫颈癌患者均经手术病理确诊并行根治性治疗,其中鳞癌47例,腺癌12例,腺鳞癌4例,透明细胞癌1例,小细胞癌1例.患者均行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像检查,采用目测法和半定量法判断结果,并与组织病理或临床随访结果比较其诊断的准确性,以及评价其诊断的真实性和可靠性.结果 65例患者经组织病理或临床随访证实50例复发和转移.18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断肿瘤局部复发18例,肿瘤转移33例,复发和转移病灶的SUVmax 2.91 ～ 16.70,平均SUVmax 9.81,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断宫颈癌术后复发和转移的灵敏度为98.00％,特异性为86.67％,准确性为95.38％,阳性预测值为96.08％,阴性预测值为92.86％;18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断结果与组织病理或临床随访结果比较差异无统计学意义(经x2检验,P＞0.05);二者结果的吻合度有统计学意义且吻合度较强(系数k=0.867,P=0.000).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像能够准确、直观地显示宫颈癌术后复发和转移,且真实性和可靠性好;同时18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像检查是肿瘤远处转移探测最有效的方法,可较全面评估患者病情,对协助临床确定个体化治疗方案具有重要价值.     

基于Deauville标准探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在霍奇金淋巴瘤复发诊断中的应用价值

目的 基于Deauville标准探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)复发诊断中的应用价值。 方法 基于Deauville标准, 回顾性分析24例治疗结束后5~27个月, 临床可疑复发的HL患者, 对其18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果进行评分判断, 并与淋巴结活检和(或)骨髓活检病理结果进行对照分析。 结果 病理结果证实17例复发、3例淋巴结反应性增生、1例肺癌并纵隔淋巴结转移、3例未见明确复发。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断HL复发的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为100%、50%、85%、100%和87%。 结论 基于Deauville标准18F-FDG PET/CT在HL复发诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

18F-FDG PET显像在头颈部肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET显像在头颈部肿瘤中的应用.方法 39例头颈部肿瘤患者,共行56次^18F-FDG PET检查.图像分析采用视觉和半定量（标准摄取值,SUV）方法.结果 ①5例治疗前患者,PET显像使3例改变了分期;34例治疗后患者中,PET显像发现6例头颈部有残存或复发灶,11例淋巴结转移,4例肺部转移,3例骨转移.②22例PET显像阳性患者中,20例经手术病理检查或随访证实,2例假阳性;17例PET显像为阴性的患者均得到随访证实.PET显像用于头颈部肿瘤病情监测的灵敏度为100%,特异性为89.5%,准确性为94.9%.③21例患者有近期CT或MRI检查结果,其中6例PET显像发现了CT或MRI未发现的局部复发病灶和转移淋巴结.6例患者CT或MRI提示有肿瘤复发或转移,但PET显像结果阴性,并经随访证实.④9例患者多次进行PET检查随访,其中5例病灶消失,3例病情进展,1例无变化.结论 ^18F-FDG PET显像可较准确地发现头颈部肿瘤的残存、转移和复发病灶,并为肿瘤分期提供重要依据,但应与炎症鉴别.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在可疑神经系统副肿瘤综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像探测临床可疑神经系统副肿瘤综合征(PNS)患者潜在肿瘤病灶的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析20例可疑PNS患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,对所有患者行随访病理检查或临床最终诊断,并将结果与PET/CT显像和随访结果进行比较.结果 20例中PET/CT显像发现可疑恶性病变或既往肿瘤复发和(或)转移者9例,阴性11例.9例阳性者中3例为假阳性.PET/CT显像对PNS恶性肿瘤检出的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为6/6,78.57%(11/14),85.00%(17/20),6/9和100.00%(11/11).6例真阳性中4例治疗方案得以修正,经抗肿瘤和免疫疗法后神经异常症状得到改善.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像在可疑PNS中的应用有积极意义,有助于发现恶性肿瘤,也能对肿瘤分期提供帮助.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在可疑神经系统副肿瘤综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像探测临床可疑神经系统副肿瘤综合征(PNS)患者潜在肿瘤病灶的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析20例可疑PNS患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,对所有患者行随访病理检查或临床最终诊断,并将结果与PET/CT显像和随访结果进行比较.结果 20例中PET/CT显像发现可疑恶性病变或既往肿瘤复发和(或)转移者9例,阴性11例.9例阳性者中3例为假阳性.PET/CT显像对PNS恶性肿瘤检出的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为6/6,78.57%(11/14),85.00%(17/20),6/9和100.00%(11/11).6例真阳性中4例治疗方案得以修正,经抗肿瘤和免疫疗法后神经异常症状得到改善.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像在可疑PNS中的应用有积极意义,有助于发现恶性肿瘤,也能对肿瘤分期提供帮助.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.