从雷帕霉素与肝癌的关系浅谈转化医学的研究思路

Translational medicine is a new concept in China.It sets up a bridge between basic research and clinical work,and aims to transfer the basic study results to clinical practice as soon as possible.It is...     

Towards an understanding of work satisfactions and emotional well-being of school-based educators

This study examined a research model developed to understand work satisfaction and emotional and physical well-being of teachers. Data were collected from 833 school-based educators using questionnaires completed anonymously. Five groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic and situational variables, work stressors, role conflict, social support and components of psychological burnout. Some support for the model was found. Individual demographic characteristics, work stressors and components of psychological burnout were strong predictors of work attitudes and emotional and physical health. Social support had little effect on these dependent variables.     

勿忘临床之源:从医35年临床科研工作的感悟

临床科研是从临床实际出发,通过有组织的科学行为,解答临床工作中遇到的疑难问题,提高临床诊治水平。从医35年,做临床科研有些感悟,要做好临床科研工作,首先,要在临床实际工作中善于发现问题,重视临床资料的收集;第二,要勤于学习,善于思考,应对临床工作中遇到的问题结合学习反复思考,确定新的问题,再查找文献,以确定临床科研课题;第三,要主题鲜明,持续深入挖掘。当拥有了明确的研究方向后,建议开展由临床实践到临床基础的深入研究,逐步形成科研体系,提升自身业务能力和专业素质。临床研究可能是你成才的切入点和持久的推动力。     

An overview of the integrative research review

The integrative literature review has many benefits to the scholarly reviewer, including evaluating the strength of the scientific evidence, identifying gaps in current research, identifying the need for future research, bridging between related areas of work, identifying central issues in an area, generating a research question, identifying a theoretical or conceptual framework, and exploring which research methods have been used successfully. The 5-stage integrative review process includes (1) problem formulation, (2) data collection or literature search, (3) evaluation of data, (4) data analysis, and (5) interpretation and presentation of results. Maintaining scientific integrity while conducting an integrative research review involves careful consideration to threats to validity. Strategies to overcome these threats are reviewed. The integrative review methodology must involve detailed and thoughtful work, the outcome of which can be a significant contribution to a particular body of knowledge and, consequently, to practice and research.     

Entwicklung und Perspektive der unfallchirurgischen Forschung in Deutschland

The conditions for experimental orthopedic and trauma research in Germany have improved during recent years. At present, however, only a few research centers provide significant and continuous research. Recently advertised new professorships considerably enhance the chances of further improvement and it is hoped that this process will continue. The recruitment of orthopedic and trauma surgeons for professional research remains an unsolved problem due to financial and working conditions. To do both qualified research and clinical work on a high level over a long period of time is hardly possible within the existing structures. This problem can only be solved by establishing professional research laboratories with permanent scientific and technical staff and limited leave of absence for doctors from clinical work. Even in the future professional research departments and centers will have a notable advantage in the competition for research grants. Looking ahead there is hope that the conditions for orthopedic and trauma research will continue to improve and gain a relevance reflecting the importance of this field.     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.     

从RESONANCE系列研究谈临床研究助手作用及能力培养

临床研究在临床工作中占有越来越重要的地位,而临床研究助手对于研究的顺利实施十分重要。临床研究助手既是参与者和设计者,又是执行者和推动者,还是协调者和组织者,其应该是最了解所参与临床研究的人,也是需要承担团队最大量工作的人。在开展临床研究过程中,助手应找准定位,遇事要多请示、多报告,按照主要研究者的要求认真执行,保证质量,避免各种操作失误造成的研究质量下降。同时,临床研究助手还需要更多的热情与力量,更多的学习与思考,更多的努力与付出,更多的耐心与毅力。要充分相信自己,也要严格要求自己,才能在临床研究工作中相与有成,大有所为。     

What happens at home does not stay at home: The role of family and romantic partner conflict in destructive leadership

Why leaders behave the way they do is of considerable importance. Our goal in this research was to understand how family‐to‐work conflict and romantic relationship conflict influence two different forms of destructive leadership, namely, abusive supervision and passive leadership. To do so, we invoke the conservation of resources theory. One hundred twenty‐three leader–follower dyads participated. Leaders completed questionnaires on their own family‐to‐work conflict and romantic relationship conflict, depressive symptoms, and cognitive distraction. Their followers rated their abusive supervision and passive leadership. With the use of Hayes's PROCESS program, depressive symptoms mediated the effects of family‐to‐work conflict and romantic relationship conflict on abusive supervision, whereas cognitive distraction mediated the effects of family‐to‐work conflict on passive leadership. Implications and several directions for further research are offered.     

The effects of the physical environment on job performance: towards a theoretical model of workspace stress

Studies of stress in the work environment pay little attention to features of the physical environment in which work is performed. Yet evidence is accumulating that the physical environment of work affects both job performance and job satisfaction. Contemporary research on stress in the work environment typically focuses on psychosocial factors that affect job performance, strain and employee health, and does not address the growing body of work on the environmental psychology of workspace. This paper reviews theory and research bearing on stress in the workplace and explores how current theory might be applied to the relationship between worker behaviour and physical features of the work environment. The paper proposes a theoretical model of the worker–workspace relationship in which stress and comfort play a critical part, and suggests a methodological approach on which to base future empirical studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gender Differences in Perceptions of Resources and Turnover Intentions of Work‐Linked Couples in Masculine Occupations

Employees in work‐linked marriages have spouses that share the same family and the same workplace and/or occupation. Whereas, in recent years, there has been increasingly more research on dual‐career marriages (i.e. both spouses work, but not necessarily at the same workplace and/or occupation), there has been very little research on work‐linked marriages. The current study focuses on work resources (i.e. family supportive supervisor behaviour and job control) as key mediating processes that explain the effect of gender on turnover intentions among work‐linked employees in masculine occupations (i.e. military). Investigating gender differences is important because, compared with men, women are more likely to be in work‐linked marriages and to leave their jobs. Based on role theory and conservation of resource theory, we predicted that gender was related to turnover intentions, and this relationship would be mediated by key explanatory variables (i.e. family supportive supervisor behaviours, job control and psychological distress). Mediation analyses, conducted on a sample of men and women in work‐linked marriages (n = 309), provide support for the hypothesized model. These findings offer guidance for understanding gender differences among work‐linked employees in masculine occupations, and how these differences can affect important outcomes such as turnover intentions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surgeons' work engagement: Influencing factors and relations to job and life satisfaction

BackgroundWork engagement has become a topic of great interest in recent years. However, clinicians' work engagement has rarely been studied and relatively little is known about its predictors and consequences. Therefore the objective of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to test a model of possible institutional and personal predictors and significant relations to job and life satisfaction.Methods123 clinicians specializing in Surgery Medicine participated in the study. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the Questionnaire for Self-efficacy, Optimism and Pessimism, were administered. Bivariate analyses and a stepwise regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe whole sample of surgeons rated work engagement with a high mean of M = 4.38; SD = .91. Job satisfaction and perceived quality of life have been rated with moderate scores. The results show that job resources have a greater impact on surgeons' work engagement than their job demands. Significant correlations between surgeons' work engagement, their job satisfaction and quality of life were found. Moreover, work engagement mediated the relation between institutional factors and surgeons' job satisfaction.ConclusionOur research suggests that strengthening surgeons' work engagement will contribute to a more sustainable workplace, in terms of both individual and hospital performance. Therefore, increasing work engagement among surgeons should be of concern for supervisors and hospital managers. Future research should focus on further predictors that may have an influence on health professionals' work engagement. Another field for future research is to study potential effects of interventions on work engagement.     

The research nurse and septic shock

Clinical medical research in septic shock is complex and represents a substantial additional workload for nurses. The clinical research nurse develops reference tools to simplify to a maximum this work.     

Developing the Research Hypothesis

ABSTRACT

The research hypothesis is needed for a sound and well-developed research study. The research hypothesis contributes to the solution of the research problem. Types of research hypotheses include inductive and deductive, directional and non-directional, and null and alternative hypotheses. Rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis is the basis for building a good research study. This work reviews the most important aspects of organizing and establishing an efficient and complete hypothesis.     

A comparison of pain, functional limitations, and work status indices as outcome measures in back pain research

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective study with a 2-year follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To compare pain, functional limitations, and work status indices as measures of outcome among back pain patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Work status, pain, and functional limitations indices are often considered as interchangeable outcome measures in back pain research. This perspective has been criticized by several authors, who argue that each of these outcome measures reflects a different construct that may vary independently of the others. METHODS: The study was conducted on 720 patients, who sought care for back pain in primary care settings of a large health maintenance organization in 1989-90, and were interviewed one month and two years later. X2 analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the accuracy of a pain rating and a modified 16-item Roland-Morris score in classifying patients on work status and on the change in work status over time. RESULTS: Moderate agreement between the pain and functional limitations measures and work status was observed. Pain and functional limitations change scores agreed moderately with improvement in work status, but were poorly associated with decline in work status. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pain, functional limitations, and work status indices examined in this study are related, they are not equivalent and should not be regarded as interchangeable. These results argue for a clearer distinction of outcome measures in back pain research.     

Work stressors among recent business school graduates

This research examined the relationship of contemporary work stressors to work outcomes and measures of psychological well-being among recent business school graduates. Most stress research has considered longer tenured organizational employees. Two hundred and seventeen respondents completed anonymous questionnaires. Three categories of work stressors were studied: job insecurity, underemployment and unmet expectations. Unmet job challenge and job demands expectations and underemployment were consistently related to more negative work outcomes. Work stressors were less strongly related to psychological well-being, however. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Work-family stress,conflict, coping,and burnout in police officers

This study examined a research model developed to understand work satisfactions and emotional and physical well-being among police officers. Data were collected from 828 men and women in police work using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, a majority were male constables in their early careers. Five groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic and situational variables, work stressors, work-family conflict, coping responses, and psychological burnout components. Work stressors and psychological burnout were fairly consistently and significantly related to levels of self-reported work attitudes and emotional and physical well-being. Somewhat surprisingly, work-family conflict and individual coping responses were generally unrelated to measures of work attitudes and self-reported emotional and physical well-being.     

The top 10 arthroplasty articles published in last 10 years by Indian authors

Joint replacement surgery is becoming increasingly popular globally and recently,?in India. The phenomenon of medical tourism has also contributed to increasing number of arthroplasty surgeries being done every year in our country. The surgeons who work in this highly specialized field of orthopedic surgery, have been publishing their research work in reputed journals. In this paper, we have discussed the most cited Indian papers in the field of arthroplasty. It was observed that publications in high impact and reputed journals attract more citations and therefore it is recommended that the ‘good’ scientific research work should preferably be submitted to these journals to create greater impact and awareness about ones’ research.     

医美科研立项查新工作的开展现状分析

在当前的医美科研立项查新工作中，尽管已有一定的制度和流程，但在执行过程中仍面临一些困 难。对此，本文针对当前医美科研立项查新工作的开展现状进行深入探讨，建议通过加强医美查新制度建 设、强化医美查新队伍建设、优化查新流程、与委托方的沟通等策略进一步完善现有查新工作，旨在为提 高医美科研立项查新工作的质量和效率提供可行参考，从而为医美科研项目的成功实施奠定坚实的基础。     

A decade of modelling research yields considerable evidence for the importance of concurrency: a response to Sawers and Stillwaggon

In their recent article, Sawers and Stillwaggon critique the “concurrency hypothesis” on a number of grounds. In this commentary, I focus on one thread of their argument, pertaining to the evidence derived from modelling work. Their analysis focused on the foundational papers of Morris and Kretzschmar; here, I explore the research that has been conducted since then, which Sawers and Stillwaggon leave out of their review. I explain the methodological limitations that kept progress on the topic slow at first, and the various forms of methodological development that were pursued to overcome these. I then highlight recent modelling work that addresses the various limitations Sawers and Stillwaggon outline in their article. Collectively, this line of research provides considerable support for the modelling aspects of the concurrency hypothesis, and renders their critique of the literature incomplete and obsolete. It also makes clear that their call for “an end (or at least a moratorium) to research on sexual behaviour in Africa” that pertains to concurrency is unjustified.