高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量方法。方法　以 0 .1mol·L-1磷酸二氢铵溶液 -甲醇 (2 0∶80 )为流动相 ,以氧氟沙星溶液为内标物 ,于 2 35nm波长处测定洗剂中的酮康唑含量。结果　酮康唑线性范围为 10～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,线性关系良好 (r =0 .9997) ,酮康唑的平均回收率为 99.7% ,RSD为 1.4 2 % (n =3)。结论　本方法灵敏 ,准确 ,快捷。     

酮康唑微囊的制备及其药剂学研究

目的 :探讨酮康唑微囊 (Ketoconazolemicrocapsules)的工艺制备条件和质量控制方法 ,研究其成囊后的化学物理稳定性及其体外溶出度 ,为酮康唑微囊新剂型的研制打下基础。方法 :采用复凝聚法、单波长紫外分光光度法、正交法、加速和长期稳定性实验以及转篮法进行酮康唑微囊的制备工艺、定量分析、稳定性及体外溶出度的系列研究。结果 :所得到的微囊平均相对包封率可达 83 4 2 % ,平均粒径为 7 73μm。选定 2 6 9nm为酮康唑的含量测定波长 ,在人工胃液中 ,酮康唑在 0 0 5～ 0 15mg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ,其日间和日内RSD分别为 <0 4 0 %和 2 5 7%。在高温、高湿、强光照及长期室温放置条件下 ,微囊中酮康唑表现出稳定的化学物理性质 ;而在同样条件下 ,酮康唑原料易变色 ,含量变化也很大。酮康唑微囊在人工胃液中 ,90min内可达到最大溶出 ,其最高累积溶出百分率接近 90 0 % ,并且其溶出行为符合Weibull概率函数分布 ,相关参数为 :t1/2 =2 5min ,td=4 2min ,m =0 .6min。结论 :采用复凝聚法制备酮康唑微囊方法简便、易行 ;酮康唑微囊化后 ,可以显著提高其稳定性 ,微囊中酮康唑的质量控制方法简便、可靠 ,并且在人工胃液中有理想的溶出度。     

一阶导数光谱法测定复方酮康唑霜中酮康唑的含量

复方酮康唑霜是一种治疗各类癣症的抗真菌药.主要成分为酮康唑、硫酸新霉素、特美肤.酮康唑的含量测定可采用紫外分光光度法,但霜剂中由于受到基质及共存组分的干扰,无法直接测定.本文应用一阶导数光谱法能消除基质的干扰,不需分离即可测定该制剂中酮康唑的含量,操作简便,结果准确.     

差示双波长法测定复方酮康唑乳膏中酮康唑的含量

目的：建立新的复方酮康唑乳膏的含量测定方法。方法：改进撮针以波长紫外分光光度法和差示紫外分光光度法结合起来测定酮康唑含量。结果：得到标准曲线Ｃ（ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１）＝４８．３０９△Ａ－０．２４６４,（ｒ＝０．９９９９）。平均回收率为９８．５１％,ＲＳＤ为１．２４％。结论：该方法重现性好,操作简便,可用于复方酮康唑乳膏的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定酮康唑乳膏中酮康唑和甲硝唑的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定酮康唑乳膏中酮康唑和甲硝唑的含量。方法色谱柱为HypersilODSC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)大连依利特公司;流动相为甲醇∶水=60∶40;DAD检测器,检测波长为258nm。结果在建立的色谱条件下,酮康唑与有关杂质能有效地分离。酮康唑在0.223～4.46μg,甲硝唑在0.106～2.12μg进样量范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9989和0.9999,平均回收率为97.23%,RSD为2.25%(n=3)。结论本法操作简单,结果准确可靠,可用于酮康唑乳膏的质量控制。     

复方酮康唑霜的含量测定

采用双波长的方法测定复方酮康唑霜剂中酮康唑的含量，一阶导数光谱法测定氯霉素的含量，可不经分离进行测定并且可排除基质成分的干扰，方法简便快速。方法的平均回收率酮康唑为：９６．５８％，ＲＳＤ为０．８２７％；氯霉素为９９．２９％；ＲＳＤ为１．０８％。     

脂溢酊与复方酮康唑霜治疗脂溢性皮炎疗效观察

脂溢性皮炎的治疗多采用单一的消炎、止痒、溶解脂质的药物 ,很少加用激素治疗真菌引起的继发性过敏。 1997年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我院应用自制的脂溢酊和复方酮康唑霜剂联合治疗脂溢性皮炎 ,取得较好疗效。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　 6 7例均为门诊病人 ,男 4 2例 ,女 2 5例 ;年龄 18～ 4 4岁 ,平均 31岁。病程 1～ 10年。均符合脂溢性皮炎的诊断标准[1] 。随机分为治疗组4 2例 ,对照组 2 5例。1 2　治疗方法　脂溢酊系氯霉素 1ｇ溶于 4 0 %～5 0 %的乙醇 10 0ｍｌ配制成 ;复方酮康唑霜为 2 %的酮康唑与 0 0 2 5 %丙酸氯倍他索配制成…     

酮康唑微囊的稳定性研究

目的 :研究酮康唑微囊的稳定性 ,探讨提高酮康唑稳定性的方法。方法 :采用加速稳定性和长期稳定性实验 ,研究酮康唑微囊化前后含量及外观性状的变化。结果 :在高温、高湿、强光照及长期室温放置条件下 ,微囊中酮康唑表现出稳定的化学物理性质 ;而在同样条件下 ,酮康唑原料易变色 ,含量变化也很大。结论 :酮康唑微囊化后确实能提高其稳定性     

酮康唑治疗真菌病的研究

酮康唑是由军事医学科学院放射医学研究所合成的治疗真菌病的一种咪唑类衍生物.经动物实验和临床应用表明,酮康唑在小鼠的LD_(50)为790±62mg/kg;小鼠一次灌胃酮康唑0.1～1.0mg/只的剂量范围内,骨髓CFU-C产率较对照组明显增多;六种真菌病105例病人应用酮康唑治疗后总有效率为97.1%,副作用发生率为9.5%,且不影响继续用药.     

特比萘芬片联合复方酮康唑软膏治疗股癣临床观察

目的比较特比萘芬片、复方酮康唑软膏及两种药物联合应用治疗股癣的疗效。方法 278例门诊病人随机抽签分成3组,分别用特比萘芬片、复方酮康唑软膏及两种药物联合治疗。结果特比组痊愈率57.78%;酮康组痊愈率61.80%;联合组痊愈率96.63%。差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 3种疗法均有效,联合组的疗效明显高于其他两组。     

酮康唑凝胶剂的制备及含量测定

目的：制备一种外用酮康唑的新剂型－凝胶剂,并建立含量测定方法,以控制制剂质量。方法：用卡波姆－９４０作基质制备酮康唑凝胶;采用紫外分光光度法测定酮康唑含量。结果：制剂稳定,无刺激性;含量测定线性关系（４～１２μｇ）良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９,ｎ＝５）。其平均回收弦为９９．６５％,ＲＳＤ为０．５３％（ｎ＝６）。结论：本制剂设计合理,含量测定方法简便可靠。     

Effects of ketoconazole on the biodistribution and metabolism of [11C]loperamide and [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide in wild-type and P-gp knockout mice

Introduction[¹¹C]Loperamide and [¹¹C]N-desmethyl-loperamide ([¹¹C]dLop) have been proposed as radiotracers for imaging brain P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. A major route of [¹¹C]loperamide metabolism is N-demethylation to [¹¹C]dLop. We aimed to test whether inhibition of CYP3A4 with ketoconazole might reduce the metabolism of [¹¹C]loperamide and [¹¹C]dLop in mice, and thereby improve the quality of these radiotracers.MethodsStudies were performed in wild-type and P-gp knockout (mdr?1a/b ?/?) mice. During each of seven study sessions, one pair of mice, comprising one wild-type and one knockout mouse, was pretreated with ketoconazole (50 mg/kg, ip), while another such pair was left untreated. Mice were sacrificed at 30 min after injection of [¹¹C]loperamide or [¹¹C]dLop. Whole brain and plasma samples were measured for radioactivity and analyzed with radio-high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsKetoconazole increased the plasma concentrations of [¹¹C]loperamide and its main radiometabolite, [¹¹C]dLop, by about twofold in both wild-type and knockout mice, whereas the most polar radiometabolite was decreased threefold. Furthermore, ketoconazole increased the brain concentrations of [¹¹C]loperamide and the radiometabolite [¹¹C]dLop by about twofold in knockout mice, and decreased the brain concentrations of the major and most polar radiometabolite in wild-type and knockout mice by 82% and 49%, respectively. In contrast, ketoconazole had no effect on plasma and brain distribution of administered [¹¹C]dLop and its radiometabolites in either wild-type or knockout mice, except to increase the low plasma [¹¹C]dLop concentration. The least polar radiometabolite of [¹¹C]dLop was identified with LC-MSⁿ as the N-hydroxymethyl analog of [¹¹C]dLop and this also behaved as a P-gp substrate.ConclusionIn this study, ketoconazole (50 mg/kg, ip) proved partially effective for inhibiting the N-demethylation of [¹¹C]loperamide in mouse in vivo but had relatively smaller or no effect on [¹¹C]dLop.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).