颈动脉超声对颈动脉支架置入术适应证选择的临床价值简

目的：探讨颈动脉超声在颈动脉支架置入术适应证选择中的临床价值。方法：回顾分析62例颈动脉狭窄（≥50％）行颈动脉支架置入术的患者颈动脉超声和数字减影血管造影术（DSA）检查结果。结果：以70％狭窄为切分点。颈动脉超声／DSA对中度狭窄（50％-69％）诊断的吻合比例（32／29）,对重度狭窄（≥70％）诊断的吻合比例（30／33）。颈动脉超声与DSA两种方法的检出率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：颈动脉超声检查可以用于颈动脉支架置入术患者的筛查并指导临床医生进一步选择最佳治疗方案。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与不同类型冠心病的相关性分析

目的 探讨冠心病病人颈动脉粥样硬化程度与冠状动脉粥样硬化(CAAS)程度的关系及相关危险因素;总结不同类型冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)病理特点.方法 回顾性分析228例经冠状动脉动脉造影确诊为冠心病的病例冠状动脉造影结果、颈动脉超声检测结果及相关危险因素;根据颈动脉是否有粥样硬化分为粥样硬化组及非粥样硬化组;根据WHO诊断标准将病例分为稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组及心肌梗死组;根据冠状动脉造影结果将病例分为单支病变组(组A)、双支病变组(组B)、三支病变组(组C)及左主干组(组D);对颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)程度进行积分处理.结果 发现228例冠心病病人中198例均有不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化,发病率86.8%;颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与高血压显著相关,与年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、嗜酒、高脂血症、高尿酸血症及糖尿病无明显相关;颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)程度随冠状动脉粥样硬化(CAAS)的程度加重而加重,但仅仅一支病变组总斑块数显著低于左主干组(P＜0.05);稳定型心绞痛组的颈动脉等级积分、Crouse积分均低于不稳定型心绞痛组;稳定型心绞痛组颈动脉等级积分(grading integral)较急性心肌梗死组低,而Crouse积分高于急性心肌梗死组;稳定型心绞痛组的总斑块数、扁平斑数及软斑数均低于不稳定型心绞痛组及急性心肌梗死组,三组的硬斑数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三组均未发现溃疡斑.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病有相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the relationship between the aggravation of CAAS and coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) ;and to summarize the pathologic character of CAAS of the patients with various coronary artery disease. Methods Review the result of coronary angiography and carotid artery ultrasonography and the related risk factors of the patients who were diagnosed as CAD through coronary angiography ( CAG). The patients were divided into the scleratheroma group and the non scleratheroma group. The patients were divided into stable angina pectoris( AP) group, unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group according to the criterion of coronary artery disease of WHO. The patients were divided into group A (coronary artery of single vessel lession) ,group B( coronary artery of double vessel lession ) , group C( coronary artery of triple vessel lession )and group D(left main vessel lession ).The aggravation of CAAS was graded. Results There were 198 patients with various CAAS among 228 patients with coronary artery disease ( 86. 8%). CAAS was much related with hypertension and non-related with age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, hyperlipoidemia, hyperuricosuria and diabetes mellitus. The aggravation of CAAS much graver with much graver CAS. But only the plaque number of Group A was more than Group D( P ＜0. 05). The grading integral and Crouse integral of CAAS of AP group was not remarkable less than UAP group. The grading integral of CAAS of AP group was less than AMI group and the Crouse integral of AP group was more. But there was no remarkable difference. The number of all plaque,plaque and plaque of AP group was not remarkable less than UAP group and AMI group. There was the plaque among the three group. Conclusion Carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAAS) is relative to coronary artery disease ( CAD).     

多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术治疗痔病的应用研究

目的：探讨多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术治疗痔病的临床效果。方法150例内痔及混合痔患者分为观察组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统的外剥内扎术治疗,观察组给予多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组脱出症状大部分消失,消失率无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;观察组术后首次排便、术后一周便血发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;观察组患者术后疼痛及水肿评分显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05）;观察组有肛门下坠感及继发性出血的患者所占比例、尿潴留评分等与对照组比较差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论采用多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术治疗痔病,操作简单,疗效确切,并发症少,术后恢复快。     

缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉超声检查的临床观察

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉超声检查的临床意义。方法将79例缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察组,同期体检的30例健康者作为对照组,观察两组颈动脉超声检查结果,比较两组血脂及血流参数。结果观察组颈动脉总斑块数、颈动脉狭窄例数、内膜增厚例数、易损斑块例数均高与对照组,而斑块类型及斑块稳定情况均差于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。观察组血甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白及血流阻力显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而血收缩期峰值血流速度及舒张末期血流流速显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论颈动脉超声检查可早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化病变,为缺血性脑卒中诊断和防治提供可靠依据。     

子宫动脉结扎术在腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术中的应用价值

目的 探讨子宫动脉结扎术（UAL）在腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术中的应用价值.方法 选择行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者75例,按随机数字表法分为两组,其中试验组33例,行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术前先行UAL;对照组42例,直接行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术,对两组患者的预后及术后复发率进行比较.结果 试验组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、中转开腹率、术后残腔血肿形成率、症状改善率及复发率均优于对照组[（42.46±37.22） min比（73.23±48.82） min、（143.12±81.46） ml比（214.70±149.19） ml、（5.17±1.08）d比（9.21±1.20）d、12.1％（4/33）比28.6％ （12/42）、18.2％ （6/33）比31.0％（13/42）、93.9％（31/33）比81.0％ （34/42）、12.1％（4/33）比23.8％（10/42）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 UAL在行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术中安全有效,可明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,并能有效降低住院时间、中转开腹率及术后残腔血肿形成率.     

MR imaging of internal carotid artery occlusion

Five patients with internal carotid artery occlusion were studied with MR imaging at 0.22 T. At the carotid siphon, occluded vessels showed absence of flow void in three patients. But two cases had "partial flow void" which mimicked small arterial caliber. In these patients angiography showed collateral circulation to the carotid siphon. So the partial flow void in the carotid siphon suggested internal carotid artery occlusion with collateral circulation.     

Lateral position of the external carotid artery

Lateral position of the external carotid artery was seen in 17 cases (4.3%), of which 13 cases were on the right side and 4 cases on the left. It is necessary to know the lateral position of the external carotid artery for the correct diagnosis by IVDSA and doppler scanning.     

False aneurysm of the carotid artery.

Vascular injury following penetrating neck trauma may be present despite a lack of clinical signs. Management of wounds deep to platysma should include a high level of suspicion and thorough investigation to exclude these 'silent' vascular injuries. This may prevent serious late complications.     

老年人颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的研究60岁以上老年人不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法对185例老年患者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查、冠状动脉造影或64排双源CT冠状动脉造影检查。分析颈动脉血流动力学与冠脉病变支数的关系及颈动脉斑块严重程度分级与冠脉狭窄指数、冠脉病变支数的关系。结果与无冠脉病变组比较,多支冠脉病变组双侧颈总动脉内径增宽（P〈0．05）;双颈内动脉最大血流速度增快（P〈0．05）;双椎动脉阻力指数明显增高（P〈0．01）。与无冠脉病变组比较,3个冠脉病变组双颈总动脉阻力均增高（P〈0．05）。与颈动脉0级组比较,颈动脉2级和3级斑块组冠脉狭窄指数均增高（P〈0．01）。3级颈动脉斑块组100％有冠脉狭窄,颈动脉2级、3级斑块组患者冠状动脉2支以上病变患者明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论颈动脉管腔内径增大,血管最大血流速度增快和动脉阻力指数增高与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,随着颈动脉粥样硬化程度的增高．冠状动脉狭窄发生率增高,冠脉病变支数增多,血管狭窄程度更严重。     

老年人颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 研究60岁以上老年人不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系.方法 对185例老年患者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查、冠状动脉造影或64排双源CT冠状动脉造影检查.分析颈动脉血流动力学与冠脉病变支数的关系及颈动脉斑块严重程度分级与冠脉狭窄指数、冠脉病变支数的关系.结果 与无冠脉病变组比较,多支冠脉病变组双侧颈总动脉内径增宽(P＜0.05);双颈内动脉最大血流速度增快(P＜0.05);双椎动脉阻力指数明显增高(P＜0.01).与无冠脉病变组比较,3个冠脉病变组双颈总动脉阻力均增高(P＜0.05).与颈动脉0级组比较,颈动脉2级和3级斑块组冠脉狭窄指数均增高(P＜0.01).3级颈动脉斑块组100%有冠脉狭窄,颈动脉2级、3级斑块组患者冠状动脉2支以上病变患者明显增加(P＜0.01).结论 颈动脉管腔内径增大,血管最大血流速度增快和动脉阻力指数增高与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,随着颈动脉粥样硬化程度的增高,冠状动脉狭窄发生率增高,冠脉病变支数增多,血管狭窄程度更严重.     

Pulsed Doppler imaging for carotid artery disease

Ultrasonic imaging using a six-channel pulsed Doppler system combined with Doppler spectral analysis of 65 carotid bifurcations has been studied in a prospective clinical trial. The results were compared with X-ray contrast angiography. An overall sensitivity in excess of 90 per cent was achieved using the ultrasound technique, with a specificity of 89 per cent in the detection of significant stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The ability to recognise significant arterial stenosis with a non-invasive system suggests that it has a major part to play in screening patients with suspected carotid artery disease.