脱位人工晶状体的手术处理

目的 探讨人工晶状体脱位的原因和处理方法。方法 对18例18眼人工晶状体脱位的原因进行分析；采用单纯复位，更换和取出人工晶状体的方法进行处理。结果 手术中后囊膜破裂，悬韧带离断和玻璃体脱出是人工晶状体脱位的主要原因。18眼中12眼单纯复位成功。获得稳定的睫状沟固定；4眼更换前房型人工晶状体：1眼行睫状沟缝合固定；1眼取出人工晶状体后未再植入。随访1.5个月至3年，除1眼无晶状体眼外，术后矫正视力均≥0.1；其中≥0.5者8眼，无严重并发症发生。结论 人工晶状体脱位与术中后囊膜破裂，悬韧带离断，玻璃体处理不当有关。前玻璃体切割单纯取出重新复位，是处理人工晶状体脱位简单有效的方法。     

后房型人工晶状体脱位的研究现状

人工晶状体脱位是白内障摘除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后较为常见的并发症之一。手术中截囊不完全、撕囊不均、悬韧带和(或)后囊破裂、皮质残留、囊袋收缩、渗出膜及机化条带牵制、后发性白内障及外伤等因素均可导致植入的后房型人工晶状体脱位。目前针对后房型人工晶状体脱位,可采用单纯人工晶状体复位、囊袋张力环植入、前房型人工晶状体植入、悬吊式人工晶状体植入、人工晶状体取出以及玻璃体切割术等。     

后房型人工晶状体后脱位的临床分析

目的：探讨后房型人工晶状体后脱位发生的原因及处理方法。方法：对6例后房型人工晶状体后脱位患者临床资料，进行回顾性复习，以发现其发生原因及最佳处理方法。其发生原因与摘出白内障术中晶状体后囊破裂或悬韧带严重损伤有关。对6例患者中5例，采用玻璃体切除及睫状沟缝线固定术；1例观察。结果 4例人工晶状体复位成功，裸眼视力0．3～0．8。1例并发眼内炎再次取出人工晶状体，观察的1例矫正视力0．6。结论：后房型人工晶状体后脱位与后囊膜破裂有关，玻璃体手术及睫状沟缝线固定可以使人工晶状体复位，提高视力。注意防止眼内炎。     

后房型人工晶状体脱位于前玻璃体腔的原因及其处理方法

目的 探讨后房型人工晶状体脱位至前玻璃体腔的原因和处理方法。方法 对28例患者后房型人工晶状体脱位的原因进行分类和总结;行前部玻璃体切除术后重新复位固定后房型人工晶状体。观察手术前、后患者的视力和并发症情况。术后随访时间6个月至10年。结果 28例患者中,上方玻璃体嵌顿致人工晶状体上襻无法定位于睫状沟内22例(22只眼);人工晶状体下襻植入品状体后囊膜后方5例(5只眼);晶状体下方悬韧带断裂2例(2只眼)。行前部玻璃体切除联合人工晶状体旋转复位术22例(22只眼),行人工晶状体固定术4例(4只眼),行人工品状体旋转术2例(2只眼);24例采用人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定法,4例采用人工晶状体巩膜瓣下缝线固定法。术后28例患者视力为0．2～1．0,术后无严重并发症发生。结论 人工晶状体脱位于前玻璃体腔与晶状体后囊膜破裂、晶状体悬韧带断裂及玻璃体脱出有关;前部玻璃体切除后直接取出并重新固定人工晶状体是处理人工晶状体脱位于前玻璃体腔简单、有效的方法。     

晶状体后囊膜破裂的Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的:评价白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂时行前段玻璃体切割或剪除联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入的手术效果。方法:对1089例白内障摘除术中76例后囊膜破裂,行前段玻璃体切割或剪除联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入的手术技巧、术后视力和术后并发症等进行分析。结果:术后1周和6个月时矫正视力≥0.5的比例分别为86.8％和93.4％。结论:白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂合并玻璃体脱出时,行前段玻璃体切割或剪除联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。眼科学报 2002;18:217-219.     

人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术的临床探讨

目的探讨人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定的手术技巧和临床疗效。方法对白内障囊外摘除术或超声乳化术中后囊膜破裂超过2个象限或晶状体悬韧带断裂范围>90°、白内障囊内摘除术后、外伤致晶状体全脱位或伴眼内异物行玻璃体切除术后无晶状体囊膜的患者43例(43只眼),采用人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定法植入后房型人工晶状体。结果随访4～24个月,平均随访15个月,复查时最佳矫正视力1.0,最低0.2,视力在0.5以上者22只眼(占51.1%)。36只眼术后无并发症。结论人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术是无晶状体囊膜及晶状体后囊膜破裂或晶状体悬韧带大范围断裂的首选手术方法。     

前段玻璃体切除在超声乳化白内障手术中的应用和体会

目的：观察及探讨超声乳化白内障术中后囊膜破裂或晶状体悬韧带离断致玻璃体脱出使用前段玻璃体切除术的疗效及并发症。方法：回顾性分析28例35眼白内障患者在超声乳化人工晶状体植入术中出现后囊膜破裂或晶状体悬韧带离断致玻璃体脱出时采用前段玻璃体切除术的处理过程,观察术后视力及并发症,总结经验体会。结果：通过前段玻璃体切除术,及时、准确处理超声乳化白内障手术中后囊膜破裂或悬韧带离断致玻璃体脱出,效果较为满意。结论：前段玻璃体切除术对超声乳化白内障手术中后囊膜破裂或悬韧带离断致玻璃体脱出疗效好,并无严重并发症的发生,是一种行之有效的手术方式。     

Ⅰ期植入弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体的临床观察

我科对外伤性晶状体脱位或白内障术中后囊膜破裂予以晶状体摘除前段玻璃体切除后Ⅰ期植入弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体43例（43只眼）,效果较好,现报告如下.     

前段玻璃体切割在复杂眼外伤手术中的应用

目的探讨前段玻璃体切割术在复杂性眼前段、后段外伤手术中的效果。方法选择我院资料完整的眼外伤住院病例86例(86眼),均行前部玻璃体切割术。其中开放性眼球外伤53眼、钝挫伤性晶状体脱位19眼、外伤性白内障合并前后囊膜破裂伴玻璃体脱入前房14眼,均采用前段玻璃体切割器切除前房破碎的晶状体及脱出的玻璃体,或超声乳化联合前段玻璃体切割术。其中12眼合并后段病变行玻璃体视网膜手术联合C3F8气体或硅油填充术。术后随诊6~48个月(平均15个月)。结果 76眼较术前视力提高;57眼植入人工晶状体,其中54眼位置居中。开放性眼外伤53眼眼球破裂经Ⅰ期缝合、前段玻璃体切割处理,其中28眼Ⅱ期植入人工晶状体,矫正视力0.15~0.50;13眼未植入人工晶状体,矫正视力0.02~0.10;12眼经玻璃体视网膜手术处理后,视网膜复位,保留了眼球。晶状体脱位19眼、外伤性白内障合并后囊膜破裂伴玻璃体脱出14眼,术后矫正视力<0.1者2眼,0.1~0.3者7眼,0.3~0.5者10眼,0.5以上者14眼。结论前段玻璃体切割手术在处理复杂眼外伤有较好的效果,为人工晶状体植入或玻璃体视网膜手术创造条件。     

23G超声乳化粉碎联合玻璃体切除术治疗晶状体脱位

悬韧带断离范围较大的晶状体不全脱位和晶状体全脱位,主要由外伤或先天等原因所致,除影响视力外,可导致继发性青光眼发生,常需玻璃体切除联合晶状体摘除术。传统手术方式为经角膜缘大切口捞出晶状体,但该术式存在视力恢复不理想、手术并发症多、恢复时间长等缺点。我们自2011年7月开始应用23G晶状体超声乳化粉碎联合23G玻璃体切除,联合后房型人工晶状体（IOL）悬吊植入治疗晶状体脱位,取得较好效果。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.