应用细胞周期阻断法对白血病骨髓及外周血细胞的微核分析

本文应用细胞周期阻断法,对51例白血病患者骨髓,30例白血病患者外周血细胞,19例非白血病患者骨髓和30例正常献血员外用血细胞进行了微核分析。结果显示,外周血细胞微核率,白血病患者明显高于正常献血员;骨髓细胞微核率,白血病患者明显高于非白血病患者;同一病人骨髓细胞和外周血细胞微核率无差异性。     

紫外线照射L7212细胞及人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的观察分析

本人报道应用胞质阻断法对L7212细胞株及接受血液紫外线照射Ultraviolet BloodIrradiation(UBI)疗法的20例神经系统及脑部疾病患者的血液进行紫外线照后作淋巴细胞的微核分析观察。结果显示L7212细胞株经紫外线照射后,细胞微核显著增高;经UBI治疗(经紫外线照射充氧后的血液回输予患者)又称自血紫外照射疗法前后的微核率对照组比较P值均<0.01。同时发现微核率与紫外线剂量和强度呈正相关。经治患者的微核率且不能在较短时间内恢复疗前水平。     

肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核测定

肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核测定欧阳贵，谢金魁，何志藩，戴文香衡阳医学院肿瘤研究所（４２１００１）外周血淋巴细胞微核测定是一种简便快速的细胞遗传学效应检查方法。微核测定始于本世纪七十年代初，国内河南、山西、江苏、湖北等省已利用食管癌患者以及肝癌和尿殖系...     

食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核的研究

 本文总结了食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核测定的结果，在36例食管癌患者中，平均微核出现率是5．75‰，健康对照19例，平均微核出现率是2．37‰，且癌症患者每例微核率平均在4‰以上，二者经统计学处理，有非常显著的差异（P＜0．01）。     

肿瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞微核率分析

本文对31例肿瘤病人进行外周血淋巴细胞的微核测定,结果表明,肿瘤病人的细胞微核率(MNF)(5.38±2.5‰)明显高于健康献血员(1.64±1.35‰)差异极显著(P<0.001)其中鼻咽癌患者MNF为5.37±2.36‰,宫颈癌患者为6.12±3.09‰均明显高于健康人微核率,差异显著(P<0.001)其余几种癌症患者(原发性肝癌,乳腺癌,直肠癌、胃癌等)也出现较高微核率,表明微核率的升高与肿瘤的发生存在密切相关,各种肿瘤的微核率都不同程度地高于健康人,提示微核检验可作为肿瘤的辅助诊断手段之一.     

三种蒽醌衍生物对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞微核影响

目的：探讨１．５－二氨基蒽醌（１．５－ＤＡＡＱ）、１．５－二氯蒽醌（１．５－ＤＣＡＱ）和１．８－二氯蒽醌（１．８－ＤＣＡＱ）的遗传毒理。方法：本文运用小鼠外周血淋巴细胞微核测定方法。结果：小鼠第一次被注射１．５－ＤＡＡＱ,１．５－ＤＣＣＱ和１．８－ＤＣＡＱ所产生的微核细胞与空白对照相经无显著性差异,第二次以及以后各次分别注入上述三种化合物时,与对照组相比有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：三种ＡＱｓ     

胃癌外周血淋巴细胞微核出现的意义

胃癌外周血淋巴细胞微核出现的意义南通市虹桥医院杨鸿钧，王心龙，张小平微核是细胞染色体畸变后残留下来的游离断片，在胞浆中聚集而成。微核测定是当前细胞遗传学研究的一种简易的方法。２０多年前人们就应用微核的测定技术来观察辐射损伤，筛选抗癌药，评价化学诱变剂...     

癌症患者及其一级亲属微核率观察

应用胞质阻断法对癌症患者,患者一级亲属外周血淋巴细胞的微核测定。结果表明:癌症患者(喉、肺、食、道、胃、肝、白血病) 微核率显著增高;一级亲属微核率比正常健康人对照亦高。癌症患者平均微核率1518 ±2125 ‰,分布在1016 - 30148 ‰,一级亲属微核率714 ±2. 5 ‰,分布在0. 8 - 14. 5 ‰,对照组微核率4. 8±111 ‰,分布在0. 5 - 8. 5 ‰。提示:癌症患者及其一级亲属是一组癌瘤的易发人群,具有一定的遗传易感性,发病与生活习惯及环境因素有关。     

印刷作业女工外周血淋巴细胞微核观察

本文采用微量全血培养法对某印刷厂装订车间４０名女工外周血淋巴细胞微核进行了分析。结果表明,印刷作业女工的微核阳性检出率,微核细胞率和微核率均非常显著地高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１,而且随着作业工龄的延长,微核细胞率和微核率有极显著意义的增高趋势（Ｐ〈０．０１）。对印刷作业女工微核增高的原因进行了讨论。     

取样时间对小鼠骨髓和外周血嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响

目的：比较一次给药后不同采样时间对鼠外周血和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响。方法：ＩＣＲ小鼠一次腹腔注射（ＩＰ）ＭＭＣ２.0mg/kg.bw或ＣＰ４０mg/kg.bw,后１２h、１８h、２４h、３２h、４８h、７２h采外周血及骨髓涂片,Giemsa染色,计数嗜多染红细胞及其微核数。结果：一次ＩＰＭＭＣ或ＣＰ后１２h即可观察到小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核率增高,分别在给药后２４h、３２h达到高峰,此后逐渐下降,到７２h已接近对照组水平;而外周血ＰＣＥ微核率的显著增高则出现在给药后的２4h,在４８h达到高峰。结论：外周血ＰＣＥ作为微核试验靶细胞与骨髓ＰＣＥ的检测敏感性相同,但外周血ＰＣＥ微核高峰出现较骨髓延迟约１２－２４h;在检测化学物对骨髓细胞毒性方面,钌周血与骨髓的检测灵敏性也相同。     

CB法微核图像中粘连淋巴细胞的自动分离

CB法微核图像中淋巴细胞的粘连情况可分为串联、并联、串并联三类。首先利用面积阈值、圆度阈值、延展度阈值提取串联的淋巴细胞区域;然后采用改进的基于凹点搜寻的分离方法对串联淋巴细胞区域进行分离,同时克服了崎岖边界的干扰问题;对于分离后的细胞,再判断其是否为双核淋巴细胞。这为CB法微核图像自动分析中串联淋巴细胞的判别和分离提供了一种切实可行的解决方法,有助于提高CB法微核图像分析的准确度和可靠性,而不影响自动分析的速度。     

Cell cycle control in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the result of a multistep transforming process of hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs) which enables them to proceed through limitless numbers of cell cycles and to become resistant to cell death. Increased proliferation renders these cells vulnerable to acquiring mutations and may favor leukemic transformation. Here, we review how deregulated cell cycle control contributes to increased proliferation in AML and favors genomic instability, a prerequisite to confer selective advantages to particular clones in order to adapt and independently proliferate in the presence of a changing microenvironment. We discuss the connection between differentiation and proliferation with regard to leukemogenesis and outline the impact of specific alterations on response to therapy. Finally, we present examples, how a better understanding of cell cycle regulation and deregulation has already led to new promising therapeutic strategies.     

Toll样受体7及9在慢性粒细胞白血病患者浆细胞样树突状细胞内的表达

目的:研究Toll样受体7(Toll-like receptor 7,TLR7)mRNA及TLR9 mRNA在慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)患者外周血浆细胞样树突状细胞(plasmacytoid dendritic cell,pDC)内的表达及pDC分泌干扰素-α(interferon-α,IFN-α)的能力。方法:收集兰州大学第二医院血液科2010年11月至2011年7月间收治的30例CML患者(初诊未治组15例,缓解组15例)和体检中心的15例健康对照者,运用免疫磁珠法分选外周血pDC,利用real time-PCR检测pDC内TLR7及TLR9 mRNA表达水平。CpG ODN 2216刺激pDC 24 h后,ELISA检测上清液中IFN-α水平。结果:初诊组CML患者外周血pDC内TLR7 mRNA表达水平显著低于缓解组[(0.34±0.11)vs(0.93±0.21),P<0.05],初诊CML患者TLR9 mRNA表达水平显著低于缓解组[(0.44±0.15)vs(0.94±0.18),P<0.05]。CpG ODN 2216刺激后,初诊组pDC产生的IFN-α明显低于缓解组及健康对照组[(408.61±77.11)vs(611.39±84.86)、(651.67±93.39)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论:CML患者pDC内TLR7和TLR9 mRNA明显降低可能是pDC功能缺陷的主要原因,提示TLR7和TLR9可能参与CML的发病。     

体外硫芥对人外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤

目的与方法：利用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳（ＳＣＧＥ）技术在体外检测硫芥对人外周血淋巴细胞的损伤情况。结果与结论：结果表明：在硫芥的作用下细胞ＤＮＡ的迁移率和迁移长度增加,且呈显著剂量效应关系。     

肿瘤患者外周血有核细胞对化疗药物的敏感性

目的研究恶性肿瘤患者外周血细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,为临床筛选化疗方案、实行肿瘤个体化疗提供依据。方法应用MTT法体外测定160例癌患者外周血（淋巴细胞及粒细胞）标本对临床常用化疗药物的敏感性。结果①5种癌患者外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞对同一化疗药物敏感率呈正相关性,且均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。②胃癌、非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）和卵巢癌患者的外周血淋巴细胞及粒细胞对试验化疗药物敏感性差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而肝癌、淋巴瘤（NHL）检测结果差异未有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。③HCPT在非小细胞肺癌和TAX、Vm-26在卵巢癌患者的外周血药敏试验中,粒细胞较淋巴细胞对化疗药物抑制率高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论肿瘤患者外周血细胞体外药敏试验对临床肿瘤化疗用药有一定预见性,有助于临床医师筛选有效化疗药物,制定合理化疗方案,为个体化疗用药提供了重要的参考依据。     

An increased micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer in humans

The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is extensively used as a biomarker of chromosomal damage and genome stability in human populations. Much theoretical evidence has been accumulated supporting the causal role of MN induction in cancer development, although prospective cohort studies are needed to validate MN as a cancer risk biomarker. A total of 6718 subjects from of 10 countries, screened in 20 laboratories for MN frequency between 1980 and 2002 in ad hoc studies or routine cytogenetic surveillance, were selected from the database of the HUman MicroNucleus (HUMN) international collaborative project and followed up for cancer incidence or mortality. To standardize for the inter-laboratory variability subjects were classified according to the percentiles of MN distribution within each laboratory as low, medium or high frequency. A significant increase of all cancers incidence was found for subjects in the groups with medium (RR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.28-2.66) and high MN frequency (RR=1.53; 1.04-2.25). The same groups also showed a decreased cancer-free survival, i.e. P=0.001 and P=0.025, respectively. This association was present in all national cohorts and for all major cancer sites, especially urogenital (RR=2.80; 1.17-6.73) and gastro-intestinal cancers (RR=1.74; 1.01-4.71). The results from the present study provide preliminary evidence that MN frequency in PBL is a predictive biomarker of cancer risk within a population of healthy subjects. The current wide-spread use of the MN assay provides a valuable opportunity to apply this assay in the planning and validation of cancer surveillance and prevention programs.     

流式细胞仪动态检测成人急性白血病细胞动力学的临床意义

应用流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）动态检测３４例成人急性白血病患者１４６份骨髓标本的细胞动力学参数，并以１０例正常人骨髓标本为对照。结果显示：（１）成人急性白血病患者骨髓标本Ｓ％在不同临床阶段存在一定差异。（２）白血病患者完全缓解时Ｓ％与正常组差异不显著；而巩固强化可使Ｓ％一过性降低。（３）典型病例动态检测表明不同化疗方案对Ｓ％的影响不同。说明动态观察Ｓ％的变化可为诱导和巩固强化的化疗方案个体化提供客观的细胞动力学参数。     

Determination of radiation-induced damage in lymphocytes using the micronucleus and microgel electrophoresis ‘Comet’ assays

DNA damage assays may be useful as rapid predictors of normal tissue radiosensitivity in clinical samples. We measured in vitro radiation-induced (2 Gy) damage to lymphocytes from cancer patients and normal healthy donors using both the micronucleus and microgel electrophoresis (Comet) assays simultaneously. For damage assessment, there was a good correlation (P < 0.001) between the mean comet lengths and the fraction of cells with comets. There was no correlation with initial damage, determined as the proportion of cells within a sample that formed comets, in comparison with the mean frequency of micronuclei per binucleate cell. However, there appeared to be an association between the determination of repair proficiency in the Comet assay and the mean frequency of micronuclei per binucleate cell in lymphocytes from cancer patients.