餐后高血糖与高血压病患者颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化相关

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响.方法 入选高血压病患者295例,所有患者行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后分为餐后高血糖组,餐后正常血糖组.超声波检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)和动脉粥样斑块,其中88例合并冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,评价冠状动脉狭窄程度.结果 原发性高血压患者60.7%存在餐后高血糖.餐后高血糖组颈动脉IMT[(1.2±0.3)mm]显著大于餐后正常血糖组[(0.8±0.3)mm](P＜0.01),颈动脉斑块检出率(59.2%)高于餐后正常血糖组(28.4%)(P＜0.01).高血压合并冠心病患者餐后高血糖达63.6%,餐后高血糖组冠状动脉狭窄评分更高(P＜0.01).相关分析餐后血糖水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.478,P＜0.01),餐后血糖与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(r=0.557,P＜0.01).结论 原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖与颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关.高血压合并餐后高血糖大动脉损伤严重.     

原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的分析原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2014年1月我院收治的原发性高血压患者120例为研究对象,全部患者均进行葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),随后根据试验结果将其分为餐后正常血糖组67例和餐后高血糖组53例。采用超声检测两组患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)和动脉粥样斑块。结果两组患者OGTT 2 h血糖值比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);餐后高血糖组的IMT明显高于餐后正常血糖组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论餐后高血糖可加速原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化过程,控制餐后高血糖是降低动脉粥样硬化发病率的关键。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉造影的关系

目的评价颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)的关系。方法对冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者153例(冠心病组)和非冠心病者(正常组)42例进行双侧颈动脉超声检查,测定血管后壁内膜-中膜厚度(inteima-media thickness,IMT),记录斑块数目,并计算斑块积分,同时冠心病组按血管狭窄累及主要病变血管支数分为单支病变亚组(63例)、双支病变亚组(49例)、3支病变亚组(41例)。结果冠心病组斑块发生率[68%(104/153) vs.11.9%(5/42),P<0.05]、颈动脉IMT[(1.11±0.19)mm vs.(0.82±0.06)mm,P<0.05]、斑块积分[(5.03±3.33)分vs.(1.11±0.75)分,P<0.05]和Gensini评分[(21.7±10.3)分vs.(0.0±0.0)分,P<0.05]比正常组高,差异有统计学意义。冠心病3支病变亚组和双支病变亚组斑块发生率、颈动脉IMT、斑块积分和Gensini评分均比单支病变亚组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冠心病、原发性高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白、吸烟、肥胖与颈动脉IMT呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结...     

风心病患者瓣膜置换术前颈动脉超声检查的临床意义

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性以及颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度(IMT)对风心病患者是否合并冠心病的预测价值。方法117例风心病患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和对照组,用B超检测颈动脉病变情况。结果颈动脉IMT增厚和斑块检出率对冠心病预测的敏感性为81.82%(9/11),特异性为75.47%(80/106),阳性预测值为25.71%(9/35),阴性预测值为97.56%(80/82)。IMT异常与冠状动脉硬化程度积分呈显著正相关(r=0.55,P<0.01)。结论B超检测颈动脉粥样硬化对风心病患者是否合并冠心病具有预测价值。     

老年高血压患者胰岛素抵抗与动脉粥样硬化研究

目的:观察老年高血压合并糖尿病(DM)患者颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的特点,探讨胰岛素抵抗在老年高血压病动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法:本科住院或门诊老年患者64例,分为3组:单纯高血压组(EH组)29例;高血压合并DM组(EH合并DM组)21例;血压正常对照组14例。所有病例均行颈部动脉超声、16排冠状动脉CT检查。测定空腹血糖和胰岛素,计算稳态模式评估法的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并与心血管危险因素作相关分析。结果:①HOMA-IR与体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖和颈动脉斑块积分呈正相关;②与对照组比较,EH组颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉分叉处IMT、Crouse积分显著增高;EH合并DM组颈总动脉IMT、Crouse积分显著高于EH组(P<0.01);③EH合并DM组冠状动脉钙化积分及冠状动脉狭窄程度与EH组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:老年高血压合并DM患者颈动脉与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度显著高于单纯高血压者,DM和高血压同时存在时可加速动脉粥样硬化的进展,其机制可能与胰岛素抵抗有关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系分析

目的 通过颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的测定,分析颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系.方法 对91例同时行冠状动脉造影与颈动脉超声检查患者的检查结果进行对比分析.结果 冠心病单支病变组患者的颈动脉IMT为(1.09±0.22)mm,斑块检出率70.8%;多支病变组患者的颈动脉IMT为(1.23±0.18)mm,斑块检出率73.8%,明显高于对照组患者IMT(0.72±0.13)mm,斑块检出率24.0%(P<0.05).多支病变组颈动脉IMT明显高于单支病变组(P<0.05).结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病之间关系密切,颈动脉IMT可作为间接反映冠状动脉病变程度的指标.     

老年人餐后高血糖与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨老年人餐后高血糖的水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性。方法做糖耐量试验(OGTT)入选老年人餐后高血糖123例,应用高频多普勒超声检测老年患者的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块程度,测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。观察分析老年人餐后高血糖与颈动脉IMT及斑块的关系。结果本组老年人住院病例餐后高血糖四分位组分析显示,随分位数增加,老年人颈动脉IMT及斑块严重程度增加。老年人餐后高血糖颈动脉斑块发生率是67.48%。老年人餐后高血糖与颈动脉IMT和斑块严重程度的相关性独立于年龄、性别、血压、TC、TG和LDL-C。结论老年人餐后高血糖水平与颈动脉IMT密切相关。餐后高血糖是老年人颈动脉粥样硬化和斑块形成独立危险因素。     

糖调节受损和糖尿病与冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块的相关性研究

糖调节受损、糖尿病是冠心病的主要危险因素,而颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化有很好的相关性[1].高分辨率彩色多普勒超声能准确检测颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)、颈动脉斑块和动脉管腔狭窄程度,因此利用颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis,CAs)预测冠状动脉粥样硬化(coronary arterial atherosclerosis,CAAs)程度的研究较多,但针对合并糖尿病的冠心病研究不多.本研究旨在了解血糖的异常与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的相关性,为动脉粥样硬化性冠心病的防治提供依据.     

颈、股动脉粥样硬化超声标识与冠心病的关系研究

目的:利用高频超声研究颈、股动脉粥样硬化超声标识与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:对91例冠状动脉造影受检者术前行双侧颈、股动脉超声检查,测定血管后壁内膜中层厚度(IMT)和斑块厚度,记录斑块数目,半定量估计斑块的严重程度。根据冠状动脉造影结果分为正常组和冠心病组。冠心病组分别按血管狭窄≥50%所累及主要病变血管支数分:单支病变、双支病变、3支病变,其中左主干累及定为双支病变。结果:随着冠状动脉病变程度的增加,颈、股动脉IMT值均增加,冠心病组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);颈、股动脉斑块分级与冠状动脉病变血管支数分级间显著相关(P<0.05);股动脉斑块对冠心病预测的准确度(69.23%)高于颈动脉斑块(56.04%)。结论:颈、股动脉粥样硬化超声标识似用以预测冠心病的严重程度。     

老年非糖尿病3级高血压患者的糖化血红蛋白水平与颈动脉粥样硬化相关

目的探讨不合并糖尿病的老年3级原发性高血压患者糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法入选2014年6月至2015年12月甘肃省人民医院不合并糖尿病的老年3级原发性高血压住院患者共142例,根据颈动脉彩超结果分为颈动脉粥样硬化组87例和颈动脉正常组55例。比较两组患者性别、年龄、血压、病程、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)以及血脂水平。多因素Logistic回归分析与颈动脉粥样硬化相关的因素。结果相比于颈动脉正常组,颈动脉粥样硬化组患者年龄大[(69.3±5.3)比(65.8±5.1)岁],高血压病程长[11(7~15)比9(4~12)年],低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平高[(2.96±0.80)比(2.59±0.56)mmol/L],空腹血糖水平高[(5.53±0.75)比(5.19±0.56)mmol/L],HbA1c水平高[(5.80±0.63)%比(5.47±0.55)%](均P0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示HbA1c、空腹血糖和LDL-C用于预测颈动脉粥样硬化的曲线下面积(95%CI)分别为0.66(0.58~0.72)、0.70(0.61~0.79)和0.69(0.60~0.78)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,不合并糖尿病的老年3级原发性高血压患者空腹血糖以及HbA1c水平与颈动脉粥样硬化独立相关,其OR(95%CI)值分别为3.835(1.605~9.167),4.314(1.866~9.973)。结论不合并糖尿病的老年3级原发性高血压患者HbA1c和空腹血糖水平与颈动脉粥样硬化相关。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.