非骨水泥假体柄在髋关节股骨侧翻修中的应用

目的：探讨非骨水泥假体柄在髋关节股骨侧翻修中的应用。方法回顾性分析2008年5月—2013年8月108例全髋关节置换术后及假体周围感染术后股骨侧采用非骨水泥假体柄翻修患者的临床资料,记录术中骨折、截骨、股骨远端开窗、股骨假体力线情况,术后定期随访。采用Harris方法评估髋关节功能,视觉模拟评分( VAS)评估术前及术后髋关节疼痛程度,根据X线片判断假体稳定性、骨愈合及骨长入情况。结果对本组病例进行了0.5~5年随访,平均随访33.4个月;术后X线检查显示术后3~6个月可见骨长入,6个月以上骨愈合及长入情况良好;随访期间未出现感染迹象,下地行走良好,无假体脱位、骨折及假体松动发生。术前Harris评分为(48.76±13.17)分,疼痛VAS评分为4.00(3.00,6.00)分。末次随访时Harris评分为(87.11±6.69)分,VAS评分为0.00(0.00,1.00)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论非骨水泥假体柄股骨假体在髋关节的股骨侧翻修术中有一定优势,且对股骨近端部分缺损患者同样有良好疗效。     

仿生双动全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎累及髋关节病变的疗效观察

目的观察仿生双动全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎累及髋关节病变的临床疗效,并探讨双动臼杯在脊柱僵硬患者中应用的优势。方法回顾性分析河南省洛阳正骨医院2017年2月至2019年3月行双动全髋关节置换术的21例(41髋)强直性脊柱炎患者的临床资料,其中男18例,女3例。临床随访根据X线检查、Harris评分系统及手术前后髋关节总活动度进行评价。结果21例(41髋)患者均得到随访,随访时间13~38个月,中位数为25个月,平均(25.47±6.59)个月。Harris评分由术前(40.80±10.35)分增加到术后末次随访的(87.41±10.18)分,髋关节总活动度由术前(51.87±15.71)°增加到术后的(198.53±18.83)°,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。X线检查显示所有髋关节假体位置良好,2例(3髋)出现异位骨化,所有患者均未出现关节脱位、假体松动、感染。结论双动全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎累及髋关节病变可明显改善髋关节功能,减轻疼痛,双动臼杯高稳定性的特点,降低了 AS患者髋臼假体安放的手术技术要求,容错率较高,从而最小化脱位的风险。     

人工关节置换治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨近端骨折的效果观察

目的对本院及武汉同济医院老年骨质疏松并发股骨近端骨折进行人工关节置换的病人资料进行分析观察其治疗效果。方法采用回顾性分析的研究方法,对本院及武汉同济医院骨科收治的2015年6月至2017年10月因轻微外伤致股骨近端骨折行关节置换术的95例老年病人进行疗效分析并随访,对手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床行康复锻炼的时间、术后并发症进行分析;并对病人术前、术后及末次随访时的Harris评分、VAS疼痛评分进行分析。结果所有病人均顺利完成手术治疗,其中股骨颈骨折病人78例,股骨转子间骨折病人17例,随访8～34个月(平均13.4个月)。所有随访病人术后未出现感染、假体周围骨折、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症。手术时间平均(63.50±11.50)min、术中出血量平均(85.00±4.50)m L,术后可早期下床行康复锻炼(3.00±0.50)天;按Harris评分、VAS疼痛评分进行近期效果评估。术前、术后及随访末次Harris评分分别为:(30.60±4.15)分(23～52分);(65.30±5.25)分(58～79分);(79.50±8.65)分(75～92分),术前、术后及末次随访VAS平均分(8.26±0.70)分(7～10分);(4.18±1.55)分(3～6分);(1.65±2.15)分(0～3分)。术前与末次随访时Harris评分及VAS评分均较前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(0.05)。结论人工关节置换术对于老年骨质疏松性股骨近端骨折患者的治疗效果确切,术后病人可早期下床康复,对疼痛缓解及髋关节功能均明显改善,有利于病人尽早回归伤前生活方式。     

锆铌合金股骨头在中青年全髋置换术中的近期疗效

目的研究锆铌合金股骨头在中青年全髋置换术中的可行性和近期疗效。方法自2008年5月~2014年1月我科采用锆铌合金股骨头治疗中青年股骨头坏死22例(22髋)。采用Harris髋关节评分和WOMAC骨关节炎指数量表对髋关节功能进行评估。根据X线片对股骨假体周围Gruen分区及髋臼假体周围各Delee分区的骨质情况进行记录及分析,判断是否存在骨溶解及假体松动。结果本组22例患者术后随访25~63个月,平均(38.3±5.3)个月。术前Harris髋关节评分:11~67分,平均(41.5±9.5)分。末次随访:83~99分;平均(93.8±5.7)分。Harris髋关节评分差异具有统计学意义(t=23.136,P0.01)。术前WOMAC评分:58~91分,平均(75.3±6.8)分。末次随访:1~12分;平均(9.5±5.7)分。WOMAC评分差异具有统计学意义(t=19.163,P0.01)。随访期间未出现感染、深静脉血栓、大腿疼痛、假体脱位、假体破碎、异响、骨溶解及假体松动。结论将锆铌合金股骨头应用在中青年全髋置换术,短期疗效令人满意,可以减少假体松动及周围骨吸收,但对于脱位风险较高及术中复位困难的患者应谨慎应用。     

Prestige LP椎间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎病的中期疗效分析

目的观察单节段Prestige LP椎间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎病中期随访时的疗效和并发症情况。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2013年12月行单节段Prestige LP人工椎间盘置换术且随访2~6年的29例患者的临床资料。其中男19例,女10例;年龄28~58岁,平均(45.4±7.6)岁;症状以脊髓压迫为主的20例,以神经根压迫为主的9例。术后定期随访,应用日本骨科协会评分(JOA)、颈痛和上肢痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及颈椎功能残障指数(NDI)分析患者症状及功能改善情况。通过颈椎过伸、过屈位片测量术前、术后置换节段活动度(ROM),观察假体移位、下沉及异位骨化(HO)等并发症发生情况。结果 29例随访时间24~66个月,平均(35.5±10.4)个月,末次随访时JOA(15.62±1.12)分、NDI(14.65±5.68)%、颈痛VAS(1.93±1.10)分、上肢痛VAS(0.76±0.99)分,较术前JOA(12.03±2.23)分、NDI(42.52±16.31)%、颈痛VAS(5.00±2.22)分、上肢痛VAS(4.59±3.18)分明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。置换节段ROM末次随访时为(7.37±3.11)°,较术前(8.50±3.35)°得到较好的保留。术后1例出现假体向前移位;3例出现节段后凸;1例出现假体下沉;3例发生邻近节段退变;共14例发生HO。结论Prestige LP椎间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎病术后拥有良好的疗效和安全性;但术后假体相关并发症出现率较高,可能抵消其保护邻近节段的作用;应严格把握其适应证,重视术中操作及围手术期处理。     

人工半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨头坏死的临床疗效

目的探讨人工半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨头坏死的临床治疗效果。方法收集陆军军医大学第一附属医院2008年2月至2018年1月诊断为肱骨头坏死的患者20例,其中男8例,女12例;左肩7例,右肩13例;年龄45～83岁,平均(67.40±5.06)岁。所有患者均完成至少6个月随访,随访时测量患肢前屈上举角、外展角、外旋角、内旋角,采用ASES评分、UCLA评分、SST评分、VAS疼痛评分对肩关节功能进行评价,并行影像学检查。结果 20例患者术后随访6～37个月,平均(18.50±5.31)个月,其中2例患者肩关节活动时出现轻度疼痛,1例患者患肢出现臂丛神经损伤的临床表现,但在术后第3个月复查已恢复正常;患者术后未出现关节感染、脱位等并发症,在随访期内复查X射线片均提示肩关节假体位置及角度都较好。患肩术前前屈上举、外展、外旋、内旋角度分别是(55.24±8.21)°、(42.58±6.21)°、(12.95±2.74)°、(17.79±3.65)°,末次随访分别是(120.76±13.15)°、(103.08±10.54)°、(33.51±3.14)°、(50.10±7.25)°,末次随访的关节活动度与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);患肩术前ASES评分、UCLA评分、SST评分、VAS疼痛评分分别是(38.24±5.21)、(12.58±3.93)、(3.25±1.42)、(6.79±1.65)分,末次随访分别是(75.74±9.69)、(33.08±4.5)、(9.11±1.85)、(1.45±0.24)分,末次随访的各项评分与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论人工半肩关节置换治疗肱骨头坏死具有肩功能优良率高、并发症少的优点,可明显改善患者患肢功能活动范围及疼痛症状,提高患者生活质量。     

组配式人工髋关节系统假体治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良临床研究

目的探讨组配氏人工髋关节系统(S-ROM,De Puy;S-R,Akon)治疗成人CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节发育不良的外科技术及疗效。方法 2008年3月~2013年12月,收治15例(20髋)CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者,其中男性2例,女性13例;年龄34~64岁,平均49岁。左髋8例,右髋12例。患髋Harris评分(35.79±7.81)分,髋关节活动度(131.74±12.72)°。患肢较健侧短缩4~6 cm,平均5.1cm。X线片示患髋完全性高位脱位。术中采用S-ROM髋关节假体12例,S-R假体3例。结果患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无髋关节脱位,术后1例发生坐骨神经损伤。15例均获随访,随访时间2~6年,平均3年。术后半年所有患者均能下地行走,术前跛行步态明显改善,并恢复日常工作。髋关节Harris评分(82.58±4.73)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(=46.095,=0.00);髋关节活动度(215.26±24)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(=23.809,=0.00)。X线片复查示,股骨截骨处均在术后3~6个月愈合;股骨假体-骨界面稳固,无松动。随访期间无假体翻修。结论应用组配式人工髋关节系统(S-ROM,De Puy;S-R,Akon)治疗重度髋关节发育不良,尤其是处理股骨近端严重畸形,术中操作方便,术后近期疗效较满意,但假体远期生存率仍需进一步观察。     

老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折应用非骨水泥型股骨假体进行髋关节置换的短期临床疗效观察

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折应用非骨水泥型股骨柄进行人工关节置换的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2016年5月期间,39例老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折,采用非骨水泥型股骨柄进行髋关节置换治疗的资料。采用Harris髋关节评分评估临床效果;通过X线影像观察股骨侧假体的稳定性,并记录并发症。结果本组39例患者,平均随访时间为16～36个月,平均(25.3±9.1)个月。所有股骨侧假体末次随访时固定良好,未见假体周围骨折、感染、假体松动及骨溶解,末次随访时无大腿疼痛,Harris髋关节评分由术前的(46.2±11.3)分改善为末次随访时的(96.5±6.9)分(0.05)。结论对于伴有骨质疏松的老年股骨颈骨折进行初次人工关节置换,股骨侧应用非骨水泥型假体柄可取的良好的短期临床疗效。     

非骨水泥型全涂层短柄假体的设计特征与临床应用

随着髋关节假体设计和疗效的不断改善,短柄假体在治疗发育性髋关节发育不良方面越来越受到关注。目前非骨水泥型全涂层短柄假体的设计特征及手术技巧报道尚少。文章探讨了非骨水泥型全涂层短柄假体的设计特征及其行全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良的早期临床疗效。对2012年10月至2014年12月因发育性髋关节发育不良采用非骨水泥型全涂层短柄假体行全髋关节置换术的成人患者进行回顾性分析。共收治38例43髋,男13例,女25例;年龄42-76岁,平均62岁。病理分型采用Crowe分型方法,其中Ⅰ型12例13髋,Ⅱ型15例17髋,Ⅲ型7例8髋,Ⅳ型4例5髋。通过配对设计资料t检验比较术前、术后Harris髋关节评分及影像学检查对临床疗效进行评价。结果显示,随访33例37髋,随访时间6-30个月,平均15.5个月。Harris髋关节评分从术前(43.7±10.1)分提高至术后(83.3±6.5)分,差异有显著性意义(t=6.57,P0.05)。术后髋关节疼痛明显改善,双下肢基本等长,骨盆代偿性倾斜基本矫正,无明显跛行步态。3例术后出现大腿轻度疼痛;1例术后并发坐骨神经麻痹,5周后恢复;无感染、翻修病例。非骨水泥型全涂层短柄假体全髋关节置换适用于成人髋关节发育不良的治疗,具有初始稳定性好、骨长入快、骨量保留多、应力遮挡低等优点。     

短柄髋关节假体联合直接前侧入路全髋关节置换术的手术体会

目的探讨短柄股骨假体联合直接前侧微创入路全髋关节置换术(THA)的临床疗效,总结手术体会。方法记录分析50例本院采用直接前侧入路(DAA)行THA患者的临床资料,运用Harris评分系统评价患者手术前后的髋关节功能,评价术后X线中的假体位置及术后并发症,总结手术经验。结果本组病例的平均手术时间100分钟,术中平均失血量240m L,切口长度平均10.8cm。术前髋关节Harris评分平均为50.1(45.7±5.8),术后1月为87.5(85.3±4.7),前后差异有统计学意义(0.05)。臼杯前倾角平均为(19.1±7.7)°,外展角平均为(44.8±8.7)°。有1例出现股外侧皮神经损伤,无一例股骨端骨折病例,未出现关节脱位,术后感染,下肢深静脉栓塞等并发症。术后3个月人工髋关节位置良好,假体无松动和下沉。结论直接前侧微创入路THA创伤小,术后临床疗效好,患者恢复快,活动不受限,并发症发生率低。初学者可选择短柄股骨假体和选择合适的病例,充分掌握手术要点,可以获得平缓的手术学习曲线。DAA值得学习和推广。     

Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma

Background: Racemic albuterol is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol), which is responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and (S)-albuterol, which provides no benefit and may be detrimental. Objective: We sought to compare 2 doses of a single enantiomer, levalbuterol (0.63 mg and 1.25 mg), and equivalent amounts of levalbuterol administered as racemic albuterol with placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Three hundred sixty-two patients 12 years of age or older were treated with study drug administered by means of nebulization 3 times daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was peak change in FEV₁ after 4 weeks. Results: The change in peak FEV₁ response to the first dose in the combined levalbuterol group was significantly greater compared with the combined racemic albuterol group (0.92 and 0.82 L, respectively; P = .03), with similar but nonsignificant results after 4 weeks (0.84 and 0.74 L, respectively). Improvement in FEV₁ was similar for levalbuterol 0.63 mg and racemic albuterol 2.5 mg and greatest for levalbuterol 1.25 mg. Racemic albuterol 1.25 mg demonstrated the weakest bronchodilator effect, particularly after chronic dosing. The greatest increase in FEV₁ was seen after levalbuterol 1.25 mg, especially in subjects with severe asthma. All active treatments were well tolerated, and β-adrenergic side effects after administration of levalbuterol 0.63 mg were reduced relative to levalbuterol 1.25 mg or racemic albuterol 2.5 mg. At week 4, the predose FEV₁ value was greatest in patients who received levalbuterol or placebo when compared with those who received racemic albuterol. The difference was more evident and was statistically significant in patients who were not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusion: Levalbuterol appears to provide a better therapeutic index than the standard dose of racemic albuterol. These results support the concept that (S)-albuterol may have detrimental effects on pulmonary function. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:943-52.)     

Infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab

Background: The use of rituximab (RTX) is increasing, even in developing countries. It has become the first-line therapy or adjuvant to chemotherapy (CHOP; cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone) for various diseases, including B cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases.

Aim: We describe the infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with RTX treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Methods: Serum immunoglobulins were determined before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) administration. Pneumo-23IgG-specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies were evaluated before and after vaccination. Immunophenotyping and lymphocyte proliferation were determined in the course of the treatment.

Results: Seven patients were followed and median age was 56.0?±?5.0?years (range, 41.9–71.6?years). At baseline, the mean level of IgG was 333.7?±?40.8?and IgM 40.9?±?11.3?mg/dL, respectively; immunoglobulin A and E (IgA and IgE) were under the limit of detection. Two patients had reduced or absent B cells and T cell subsets were at normal levels in five patients. All patients failed to mount an efficient post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B virus, tetanus, diphtheria and against the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. During RTX/CHOP treatment, human-IgG-immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy was introduced in six patients after recurrent infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (85.7%), chronic sinusitis (85.7%) and gastroenteritis (42.9%).

Conclusion: Poor response against pneumococcal vaccines increases the susceptibility of respiratory diseases in these patients. In patients with NHL treated with RTX, the benefits achieved with IVIg replacement for the control of recurrent infectious diseases is of paramount importance. Clinicians dealing with monoclonal antibodies against cancer therapy, especially RTX, should be aware of the increasing risks for symptomatic induced hypogammaglobulinemia and respiratory infections.     

Establishing Safety with Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder

Abstract

The incidence of self-mutilation and suicidality among patients with dissociative disorders is quite high. It is necessary for clinicians working with this population to be adept at dealing with safety problems. This article presents a sequence of basic steps that can be used when helping dissociative patients establish safety, a discussion of the functions of self-destructiveness, and an overview of specific experiences and thinking patterns that contribute to self-destructiveness among dissociative patients.     

VACTERL with hydrocephalus: Family with X-linked VACTERL-H

We describe in a five generation family four affected males with hydrocephalus (4 offspring/4 examined) due to aqueductal stenosis (3/3), symmetrical radial ray abnormalities (4/4), renal anomalies (2/3), anal atresia (3/4), hypoplastic penis/abnormal testes (2/3), and cardiac abnormalities (1/3). X-linked inheritance seems certain in this family. These abnormalities are characteristic of the rare X-linked VACTERL-H syndrome. In addition, one maternal female cousin had a severe tracheo-esophageal fistula. This may represent partial manifestation in a female carrier. Chromosomes were apparently normal (46XY) with no spontaneous or excess induced breakages in one of the affected offspring and his mother. In the absence of a genetic marker, diagnostic ultrasonography is the investigation of choice for early in utero detection of this syndrome. A confident ultrasonographic diagnosis was possible by 20 weeks in the 2 cases examined. Am. J. Med. Genet. 76:74–78, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒慢性感染的临床研究

目的 观察拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)慢性感染的临床疗效。方法 慢性乙型肝炎患者90例。设联合治疗组28例，单用拉米夫定组30例，单用泛昔洛韦组32例。联合治疗组给予口服拉米夫定0．1g／d(PO)，泛昔洛韦1．5g／d(PO)，24周。拉米夫定、泛昔洛韦单用组剂量及疗程分别同联合治疗组。结果 3组均无明显副反应，丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)复常率无差异。3组HBV DNA阴转率分别为89．3％、66．7％、40．6％，差异有显著性。乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBeAg)阴转率分别为28．6％、23．3％、21．9％，差异无显著性。结论 拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合用药安全、耐受性好，临床显示联合治疗对HBV DNA的抑制作用显著优于单用药。     

Intervention with epinephrine in hypotension associated with mastocytosis

The occurrence of the episodes of vasodilatory hypotension can be a life-threatening manifestation of systemic mastocytosis. This article describes the reversal by epinephrine of episodes of severe hypotension in two hospitalized patients with mastocytosis. Recognition of the efficacy of epinephrine in hypotension associated with mastocytosis can be important when other methods fail to restore hemodynamic stability.