术前应用人工泪液联合rbFGF对白内障合并干眼患者术后眼表功能及泪液中炎症因子水平的影响

目的：探究术前应用人工泪液联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rbFGF)对白内障合并干眼患者术后眼表功能和泪液中炎症因子水平的影响。

方法：选取2019-02/2020-02我院收治的白内障合并干眼患者118例118眼作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各59例59眼,对照组术前采用人工泪液治疗,观察组术前采用人工泪液联合rbFGF治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后临床症状评分、眼表功能指标\〖眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)和角膜荧光染色评分(FL)\〗、泪液中炎症因子\〖白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)\〗及氧化应激指标\〖丙二醛(MDA)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)\〗水平,并采用随机行走模型评价两组患者眼表功能及泪液中炎症因子水平。

结果：治疗前,两组患者临床症状评分、OSDI、BUT、SⅠt、FL、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA、SOD、LPO、TAC水平均无差异(P>0.05); 治疗后30d,两组患者临床症状评分、OSDI、FL、TNF-α、IL-6、MDA、LPO水平明显降低,BUT、SⅠt、SOD、TAC水平明显增加,且观察组患者治疗后的临床症状评分、眼表功能、炎症因子及氧化应激指标改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论：术前采用人工泪液联合rbFGF进行干预可明显改善白内障合并干眼患者术后眼表功能,降低泪液中炎症因子水平,改善干眼症状,为临床上白内障合并干眼的治疗提供参考。     

青光眼白内障联合手术对青光眼患者泪液黏蛋白5AC水平的影响

目的：：探讨青光眼白内障联合手术对青光眼患者泪液黏蛋白5AC水平(MUC5AC)及眼表功能的影响。方法：选择2011-12/2014-06入住我院的28例行青光眼白内障联合手术青光眼患者作为观察组,同时选择28例未行手术治疗的青光眼白内障患者作为对照组,选择同期在我院进行体检的30名健康者作为健康对照组。比较三组受试者术前1 d;术后3,6 mo时的泪液MUC5 AC水平及眼表功能评分。结果：两组患者术前泪液NUC5 AC含量明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05),眼表功能评分明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 mo泪液MUC5 AC水平显著低于术前( P<0.05),术后3 mo MUC5 AC含量逐渐升高至术前水平,术后6 mo时泪液MUC5 AC水平均显著高于术前( P<0.05);术后1mo眼表功能评分显著高于术前(P<0.05),术后3 mo时,眼表功能评分逐渐降低,术后6 mo时眼表功能评分均显著低于术前(P<0.05)。而对照组在术后6mo期间,随着时间的推移,泪液MUC5 AC含量逐步降低,眼表功能评分逐步升高。结论：青光眼白内障联合手术术后可使青光眼患者MUC5 AC水平暂时性降低,眼表功能评分暂时性升高,但术后3 mo后,可逐步改善。     

青光眼药物联合手术治疗对患者泪液MUC5AC及眼表的影响

目的:探讨青光眼药物和青光眼联合白内障手术对患者泪液MUC5AC及眼表的影响。方法:我院2010-03/2011-09收治的有青光眼药物用药史的青光眼白内障联合手术患者26例29眼,测定患者与健康者各时期泪液MUC5AC含量及眼表功能评分,分析患者与健康者各时期泪液MUC5AC含量及眼表功能评分差异,分析用药时间和联合用药种类与患者手术前后眼表功能评分相关性,比较手术前后患者泪液MUC5AC含量及眼表功能评分变化。结果:青光眼患者各时期泪液MUC5AC含量明显低于健康者,两者术前1d(健康者第1d),术后1,3mo(健康者第1,3mo)相比有统计学意义(P=0.0168,P=0.0001,P=0.0150),两者术后6mo(健康者第6mo)相比无统计学意义(P=0.2230);青光眼患者术后泪液MUC5AC含量明显降低,此后逐渐上升,患者术后1mo泪液MUC5AC含量与术前1d,术后3,6mo比较有统计学意义(P=0.0365,P=0.0329,P=0.0004);患者术前眼表功能评分与用药时间和联合用药种类呈正相关关系(P=0.0427,P=0.0327)术后6mo眼表功能评分与用药时间和用药种类无相关性(P=0.1788,P=0.9916);青光眼患者术后眼表功能评分明显升高,此后逐渐降低,患者术后1mo眼表功能评分与术前1d,术后3,6mo比较有统计学意义(P=0.0012,P=0.0001,P=0.0000),患者术后6mo眼表功能评分明显降低,与术前1d相比较有统计学意义(P=0.0049)。结论:青光眼药物和青光眼联合白内障手术均损害患者泪液MUC5AC及眼表,这种损害随患者用药时间和联合用药种类的增加而更加明显,随术后时间的延长而逐渐改善。     

糖尿病患者干眼与眼表异常的相关分析

目的 通过糖尿病患者干眼与眼表异常的相关分析,探讨多种眼表因素异常在糖尿病干眼发病中的作用.方法 收集106例乌鲁木齐市汉族2型糖尿病患者存在的干眼症状及有关的眼表因素（泪液基础分泌、泪膜稳定性、泪液性状、角膜上皮完整性）检查结果,量化后进行单因素及多因素的非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 泪膜稳定性下降（P=0.020,OR=12.268）、泪液基础分泌量减少（P=0.007,OR=5.398）与糖尿病人干眼发生呈显著正相关,具有统计学意义.结论 泪膜稳定性下降、泪液基础分泌量减少在汉族2型糖尿病患者干眼的发病中起一定作用.     

中国白内障围手术期干眼防治专家共识(2021年)

干眼是一类常见的眼表疾病,部分白内障患者患有干眼。白内障围手术期多种诱因可使患者泪膜稳定性下降,导致或加重干眼相关不适症状,降低患者视觉和生活质量。为了进一步加强白内障围手术期干眼的规范化管理,中华医学会眼科学分会白内障及人工晶状体学组经过全面讨论,针对白内障围手术期的术前眼表情况评估及改善、术中眼表保护以及术后干眼诊断治疗等方面达成共识性意见,以供我国眼科医师在临床工作中参考和借鉴。     

LASIK术后发生慢性干眼的潜在机制和其术前的临床特点

目的:判定LASIK术后发生慢性干眼是否与术前的临床表现有关。方法:LASIK术后患者24例24眼。评估术后1/4,3,9mo泪膜破裂时间、有/无表面麻醉下的泪液分泌试验、孟加拉玫瑰红染色、中心角膜敏感度、结膜非杯状核质比率和杯状细胞密度。患者分为:非干眼组(nonary-eye group,NDEG)和慢性干眼组(chronicdry-eye group,CDEG)(基于术后9mo的眼表状况)。分析术前每一项参数检查与术后发生慢性干眼的关系。结果:所有参数(玫瑰红染色除外)术后均明显下降但术后3～9mo内恢复到术前水平。CDEG组术前泪液分泌试验值(有/无表面麻醉)明显降低,且术后杯状细胞比率、玫瑰红染色、无表面麻醉泪液分泌试验值和泪膜破裂的恢复时间延迟。术前无表面麻醉泪液分泌试验值与术后9mo泪膜破裂时间呈正相关。结论:术前的泪液量可能影响LASIK的眼表面的恢复且可能增加发生慢性干眼的危险。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼的调查研究

目的 探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）后干眼相关因素以及重视预防术后干眼的重要性。方法 采用基础泪液分泌试验，泪膜破裂时间，反射泪液分泌试验，瞬目次数和角膜知觉等检查，以及术后用药时间、年龄和职业等术后发生干眼情况的临床调查研究。结果 对1280例（2550眼）术前检查有干眼异常的420眼中，术后有400眼（95．24％）发生干眼；术前无干眼异常的2130眼中，术后有1120眼（52．58％）发生干眼。术前干眼异常术后干眼发生率明显高于术前无干眼者（X^2=32．3l，58．52，P〈0．005），两组间差异具有统计学意义。结论 术前干眼检查异常，术后发生干眼的危险因素明显增加。认为对于术前检查严重干眼患者慎行LASIK手术。     

非干眼人群小切口基质透镜取出术后短期泪膜变化及其危险因素研究

目的 探讨小切口基质透镜取出术(SMILE)对非干眼人群的泪膜影响并分析其危险因素。方法前瞻性病例系列研究。本研究纳入2022年7—9月在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院就诊并行SMILE术的28例(28眼)患者资料，其中男性11例、女性17例，平均年龄(25.96±5.41)岁。术前和术后20 d使用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷评估患者的干眼症状，裂隙灯结合荧光素染色观察患者的角膜上皮情况，Oculus K5M评估泪膜情况，基础泪液分泌试验检测基础泪液分泌量。结果 术后共有13眼(13/28,46.43%)诊断为干眼。相较于术前，术后20 d的OSDI评分明显升高(P=0.001 8)，基础泪液分泌量、荧光素泪膜破裂时间、首次及平均非侵入性泪膜破裂时间与泪河高度均显著低于基线水平(P值分别为0.001 2,<0.000 1,0.000 1,0.001 6和0.011 2)。年龄>25岁和术前睑板腺缺失评分>1分者术后更容易发生泪膜异常。年龄为术后20 d发生干眼的独立危险因素。结论 术前非干眼人群在接受SMILE术后20 d出现明显泪膜质和量异常，应注意术前对患者的干眼评估和术后及时规范的干眼治疗。     

126例干眼病因分析

目的 分析干眼的病因,为干眼症的诊断提供重要依据.方法 回顾126例干眼病例的临床资料,对干眼的症状、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌、角膜荧光素染色、睑板腺功能检查、裂隙灯检查及眼表损害等进行分析.结果 126例患者中泪膜破裂时间均异常(100％),泪液分泌试验低于正常83例(65.87％),角膜荧光染色异常者13例(10.32％),睑板腺开口阻塞30例(23.81％).结论 干眼症状与多种因素有关,了解干眼相关因素积极寻找干眼症的病因,为临床诊断提供主要依据,减少误诊的发生.     

白内障术后干眼的原因分析及处理

目的探讨白内障术后干眼的原因及防治方法。方法对35例(38只眼)白内障术后患者不同情况的干眼症状加以分析并给于相应的治疗。结果10例(11只眼)仅有症状的干眼症患者3～7 d症状缓解;8例(8只眼)睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)型干眼症患者6例(6只眼)1～2周症状缓解,2例(2只眼)症状减轻。14例(16只眼)泪液不足型干眼症患者1～2周症状缓解。3例(3只眼)泪液动力学异常的干眼症患者中2例(2只眼)症状缓解,1例(1只眼)症状减轻。结论引起白内障术后干眼的原因十分复杂,缓解干眼症状则是治疗的主要目标。术前仔细检查,严重干眼应慎重选择手术;术前积极治疗干眼、术中谨慎操作、术后合理用药,可减少白内障术后干眼的发生;术后干眼要根据情况采取相应的治疗措施。     

Cataract surgery in patients with ocular surface disease: An update in clinical diagnosis and treatment

In this article we review essentials of diagnosis and management of ocular surface disease in patients who undergo cataract surgery. It is clearly shown that dry eye disease worsens following the cataract surgery in patients with prior history of ocular surface disease, Also new cases of dry eye might appear. Current strategies for the timely diagnosis and proper management of dry eye syndrome in the face of cataract surgery patients are mainly emphasized. To achieve the best outcome in cataract surgery, a healthy ocular surface is crucial. While ocular surface preparation is indispensable in patients with established ocular surface disease, it is also helpful in those with minimal signs or symptoms of surface disease. The current approach begins with early diagnosis and drastic management of ocular surface disease before cataract surgery using a stepwise regimen customized to each patient and disease severity. These measures are continued throughout and after the surgery.     

Management of the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To identify evidence-based, best practice strategies for managing the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: After a comprehensive review of relevant published literature, evidence-based recommendations for best practice management strategies are presented. RESULTS: Symptoms of ocular irritation and signs of dysfunction of the integrated lacrimal gland/ocular surface functional gland unit are common before and after LASIK. The status of the ocular surface and tear film before LASIK can impact surgical outcomes in terms of potential complications during and after surgery, refractive outcome, optical quality, patient satisfaction, and the severity and duration of dry eye after LASIK. Before LASIK, the health of the ocular surface should be optimized and patients selected appropriately. Dry eye before surgery and female gender are risk factors for developing chronic dry eye after LASIK. Management of the ocular surface during LASIK can minimize ocular surface damage and the risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term management of the tear film and ocular surface after LASIK can reduce the severity and duration of dry eye symptoms and signs. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to manage the integrated ocular surface/lacrimal gland functional unit before, during, and after LASIK can optimize outcomes. As problems with the ocular surface and tear film are relatively common, attention should focus on the use and improvement of evidence-based management strategies.     

Dysfunctional neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretion and its role in the pathogenesis of dry eye syndromes

Tears are a complex fluid consisting of three layers, each of which is secreted by a different set of tissues or glands. The aqueous portion of the tear film is produced predominantly by the lacrimal gland. Dry eye syndromes are diseases in which the amount and composition of tears are altered, which can lead to ocular surface damage. There are many causes for dry eye syndromes. One such cause is the alteration in the functions of nerves innervating the lacrimal gland and the ocular surface. The autoimmune disease Sjogren syndrome can deleteriously affect the innervation of the lacrimal gland. Damage to the sensory nerves in the ocular surface, specifically the cornea, as a result of refractive surgery and normal aging, prevents the normal reflex arc to the lacrimal gland. Both defects can result in decreased tear secretion and dry eye syndromes. This review will discuss the current information regarding neurally-stimulated protein, water, and electrolyte secretion from the lacrimal gland and delineate how nerve dysfunction resulting from a variety of causes decreases secretion from this gland.     

白内障手术前后干眼的临床分析

目的探讨白内障患者手术前后干眼的发病情况。方法对189例（216只眼）白内障手术前3天、术后1周、1个月、3个月进行干眼检查,包括：裂隙灯显微镜观察眼表情况、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、Schirmer I试验,手术方式采用超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果手术后部分病人出现不同程度的干眼症状和体征或原有干眼症状和体征的加重。该情况在术后1周出现,术后1个月最明显,术后3个月部分患者有一定程度的改善。结论白内障手术后患者会出现明显的干眼症状和体征,应及时给予处理和治疗     

下泪点封闭术治疗中重度干眼症的疗效评价

探讨下泪点封闭术用于药物治疗效果不佳的重度干眼症患者的临床疗效。 方法：选择2010-01/2011-01在我院眼科门诊就诊的19例38眼使用人工泪液效果欠佳的中重度干眼症患者,采用下泪点封闭术进行治疗。分别于术前3d及术后1wk;3,6mo进行裂隙灯显微镜检查泪河高度、角膜荧光素染色、泪液膜破裂时间(BUT)、SchirmerⅠ试验(SⅠt)以观察临床疗效。 结果：术前干眼患者主诉多为干涩、异物感、视疲劳。术后患者上述症状明显减轻,甚至消失。与术前相比, 15例30眼荧光素染色角膜上皮点状着色消失,下睑缘明显有泪河线形成。与术前相比,BUT和SⅠt明显增加和延长。 结论：下泪点封闭术可明显改善干眼症患者的临床症状,增加眼表的泪液量,打破干眼症泪液分泌的恶性循环,对于药物治疗效果不佳的中重度干眼症患者是一种简便有效的方法。     

地夸磷索钠联合清润养目口服液治疗白内障术后干眼

目的:探讨地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合清润养目口服液治疗白内障超声乳化摘除术联合人工晶状体植入术后干眼的临床疗效。方法:选取2020-09/2021-01就诊于我院眼科的白内障术后干眼患者57例65眼作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(28例32眼,使用3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液治疗)和观察组(29例33眼,使用3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合清润养目口服液治疗)。比较两组患者术前1d,术后1wk(治疗前),1mo(治疗后)眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表评分、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、角膜荧光素钠染色(CFS)评分、中医症状评分等指标。结果:治疗后,观察组和对照组总有效率分别为88%、75%,两组患者OSDI评分、NIBUT、SⅠt均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),观察组治疗后NIBUT、SⅠt、CFS评分、中医症状评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均无不良反应发生。结论:地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合清润养目口服液可改善白内障术后干眼的主观症状及客观临床指标,为白内障围手术期干眼的眼表管理提供了新的治疗方案。     

Dry eye after LASIK: Comparison of outcomes for Asian and Caucasian eyes

Background : Dry eye is a common complication of LASIK surgery. Our clinical impression was that post‐LASIK dry eye was more problematic for our Asian patients. The aim of this study was to determine if dry eye after LASIK is more prevalent, more sustained and more severe in Asian eyes compared with Caucasian eyes. Methods : This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a clinical database. Data (n = 932 eyes, 932 patients) was collected before and after (week 2 and months 1, 3 and 6) LASIK surgery. Patients were defined as Asian if both parents were of East Asian ethic origin. Assessments included dry eye symptoms, ocular surface staining, tear volume, tear secretion, tear film stability and corneal sensation. Results : Asian eyes had greater ocular surface staining, poorer tear film stability and lower tear volume before LASIK and at all times after LASIK. Dry eye symptoms occurring ‘often or constantly’ were more prevalent at all time points after LASIK in Asian eyes. Chronic dry eye persisting six months or more after LASIK was diagnosed in 28 per cent of Asian eyes and 5 per cent of Caucasian eyes (p < 0.001). Asian patients with chronic dry eye were predominantly female, reported dry eye symptoms, had greater ocular surface staining and lower tear secretion, stability and volume before surgery. After LASIK, Asian eyes had a slower return to pre‐operative values for ocular surface staining, tear volume and corneal sensation. Discussion : The risk of chronic dry eye after LASIK was significantly higher in Asian eyes. Contributing factors could include racial differences in eyelid and orbital anatomy, tear film parameters and blinking dynamics and higher attempted refractive corrections in Asian eyes.     

白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术后干眼发生的相关因素分析

目的评估不同危险因素在白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后干眼发生中的作用,为术后干眼发生的预测及防治提供依据。方法记录93例(98只眼)术前无干眼白内障患者手术前及术后3个月常见的全身疾病,并进行干眼问卷调查及相关眼部检查,包括睑板腺功能检查、BUT、SchirmerⅠ试验、角膜荧光素染色等,对检查结果进行多因素回归分析及多元线性回归分析,分析其危险因素。结果 44例47只眼(48%)白内障术后确诊为干眼,Logistic回归分析显示:睑脂粘度(OR=2.670,P=0.025)和结膜松弛(OR=4.537,P=0.004)是白内障术后干眼发生的独立危险因素。糖尿病(OR=3.778,P=0.037)、高血脂(OR=11.645,P=0.023)、睑板腺分泌物(OR=5.660,P=0.025)及睑脂粘度(OR=2.881,P=0.018)是BUT值缩短的独立危险因素。多元线性回归分析显示:睑脂粘度与角膜染色呈正相关(F=79.282,P<0.001)。结论白内障术后干眼的发生与全身及局部多种因素相关,术前针对相关危险因素进行评估,可有助于术后干眼发生的预测并提前进行综合干预治疗。     

Phacoemulsification in patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of phacoemulsification in allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-BMT) recipients. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospective study of 34 eyes of 19 consecutive patients who had visually significant cataracts after allo-BMT and subsequently underwent phacoemulsification. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected vision at the last follow-up visit and development of postoperative complications. RESULTS: Surgery was done at a mean interval of 37 months after BMT, and the mean postoperative follow-up was 13 months. Twenty-one eyes (62%) had subnormal Schirmer I scores as a result of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) involving the lacrimal gland. Of these, 71% (15 eyes) additionally had significant ocular surface epitheliopathy because of conjunctival GVHD. Frequent lubrication (95%), punctal occlusion (76%), topical steroids (33%), and other topical immunosuppressive therapies (14%) were used to manage GVHD-induced ocular surface disease before cataract surgery. Twelve patients (63%) also received systemic steroids and immunosuppressives. Patients proceeded to surgery only after their ocular surface disease was well controlled. Early postoperative complications included intraocular pressure elevation (three eyes), worsening of dry eye syndrome (two eyes), and corneal thinning (one eye). Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) requiring laser capsulotomy occurred in 44% of eyes. In eyes with preoperative conjunctival GVHD, 47% had recurrence with cessation of immunosuppressive therapy after surgery. Visual acuity at last follow-up visit was 20/30 or better in 33 (97%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification is an effective procedure in restoring vision in patients who have cataracts develop after BMT. However, coexisting ocular disease must be recognized and aggressively treated both before and after surgery to ensure good visual outcomes.     

Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia on tear film and ocular surface

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia on the tear film and ocular surface. METHODS: A retrospective 12-month analysis of 88 eyes (88 participants) who had LASIK for hyperopia was performed. Participants were evaluated before and after (2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) surgery for dry eye symptoms (McMonnies Dry Eye Survey primary symptoms), tear film stability (fluorescein break-up time), tear volume (phenol red thread test), ocular surface staining (fluorescein), and conjunctival goblet cell density. RESULTS: Chronic dry eye was experienced by 32% of participants; symptoms were significantly associated with female gender, preoperative dry eye symptoms, lower tear film stability after surgery, greater ocular surface staining after surgery, lower tear volume before and after surgery, and lower goblet cell densities after surgery. Regression rate 12 months after surgery was 32% and significantly associated with female gender, chronic dry eye symptoms, lower tear film stability after surgery, greater ocular surface staining before and after surgery, and lower tear volume before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Dry eye, particularly in females, is problematic after LASIK for hyperopia and is associated with refractive regression. Current methods for managing the tear film and ocular surface may not control LASIK-induced dry eye, particularly in some females during the first 6 months after surgery.