Duffy抗原趋化因子受体参与人乳腺癌的淋巴结转移

目的探讨Duffy抗原趋化因子受体(DARC)与乳腺癌患者淋巴结转移的关系。方法乳腺癌原发灶组织标本75例,按淋巴结转移情况分为阳性组和阴性组,通过免疫组化技术检测DARC表达,并探讨其与乳腺癌淋巴结转移的关系。结果淋巴结转移阳性组中DARC强表达18例(48．6％),淋巴结转移阴性组中DARC强表达31例(81．6％),两组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0．01)。DARC强表达组与弱表达组的微血管密度(MVD)分别为(35．67±17．96)／HP和(53．38±20．29)／HP,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。此外,远处转移的13例患者中,有9例DARC弱表达(69．2％),4例DARC强表达(30．8％)。DARC表达与MVD、淋巴结转移状态及肿瘤远处转移呈负相关,而与患者的存活时间呈正相关。结论人原发乳腺癌组织中DARC表达降低和MVD增加可能易化肿瘤向淋巴结等远隔部位的转移。     

C-X-C型趋化因子受体7与乳腺癌关系的研究进展

近年来,C-X-C型趋化因子受体7(CXCR7)是乳腺癌靶向治疗领域的研究热点之一,通过与配体结合介导下游信号转导,调控乳腺癌生物学行为.研究发现,CXCR7与乳腺癌的恶性进展密切相关,可能是预测患者不良预后的重要生物标志物.但目前CXCR7影响乳腺癌发生、发展的作用机制仍存在很大争议,深入研究其对肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭、转移的复杂作用有望为乳腺癌的个体化精准治疗提供潜在靶点.本文主要就CXCR7的结构、功能及其与乳腺癌关系的研究进展作一综述,并探讨其作为临床预后指标和抗肿瘤靶点的应用前景.     

CXCR4和VEGF—C在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与淋巴结转移之间的关系

目的探讨趋化因子受体（CXCR4）和血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF—C）在人乳腺癌组织中的表达及与淋巴结转移之间的关系。方法选择65例乳腺癌标本,应用免疫组织化学染色方法,检测CXCR4和VEGF—C在人乳腺癌组织中的表达,同时对其与临床病理参数的关系进行统计学分析。结果CXCR4在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为43．1％,其中淋巴结转移组表达率为57．9％,无淋巴结转移组表达率为22．2％,差异有非常显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。VEGF—C在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为50．2％,其中淋巴结转移组表达率为68．4％,无淋巴结转移组表达率为25．9％,两者差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。而且,CXCR4阳性表达与VEGF—C阳性表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。乳腺癌CXCR4和VEGF—C的表达水平与乳腺癌淋巴结转移密切相关,而与病人的月经状态、临床分期、病理类型等无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论CXCR4和VEGF—C的表达可作为评估乳腺癌病人淋巴转移的一个观测指标。     

乳腺癌中LewisY抗原与增殖的关系及其预后意义

目的 评价LewisY(Ley)抗原在良恶性乳腺肿瘤中的表达及其与增殖、预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测45例乳腺癌、20例乳腺良性肿瘤中Ley、PCNA的表达情况,并对45例乳腺癌患者进行随访,随访率100%。建立Coxproportion hazard models,探讨Ley的预后意义。结果 Ley在乳腺癌中的表达明显上调(P<0.05)。Ley高表达的患者增殖活性强(P<0.05),单因素及多因素的预后分析中,Ley的预后作用无统计学意义。结论 Ley表达与增殖有关,Ley高表达的细胞增殖活性强。     

细胞增殖核抗原在乳腺导管癌组织中的表达及其与组织学分级的关系

采用抗PCNA单克隆抗体PC_(10)对45例乳腺导管癌进行免疫组化研究,其中导管内癌3例.导管内癌为主的浸润性导管癌4例,浸润性导管癌38例.参照Bloom—Richardson氏分级法对浸润性导管癌进行分级.结果显示:PCNA平均指数导管内癌为4.80,导管内癌为主的浸润性导管癌为11.23,浸润性导管癌Ⅰ级8.30、Ⅱ级24.56、Ⅲ级42.65.湿润性导管癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间有显著性差异(P<0.01).表明PCNA指数与乳腺癌组织学分级有密切关系.     

MDR1基因多态性与其在乳腺癌患者中表达水平的关系

目的:探讨MDR1基因多态性与其在乳腺癌患者癌组织中表达水平的关系。方法:筛选93例乳腺癌组织及26例配对癌旁组织,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测MDR1 exon12(1236)、exon21(2677)、exon26(3435)3个位点的多态性,以RT-qPCR技术对MDR1 mRNA进行相对定量,分析不同基因型患者间MDR1基因的表达水平。结果:93例乳腺癌组织中均有不同程度MDR1基因的表达;C1236T、G2677T/A和C3435T各基因型与MDR1表达水平之间均未显示统计学差异(F=0.047,P=0.954;F=0.364,P=0.833和F=0.173,P=0.841);但其中2 6例癌组织MDR1 mRNA表达水平,明显高于其对应的癌旁组织(3.83±5.27 vs 1.81±4.42;t=2.522,P=0.018)。结论:癌组织可能易发生多药耐药,MDR1表达差异的遗传学基础还有待进一步研究。     

新疆维吾尔族女性乳腺癌与HLA-DRB1基因多态性的关系及临床意义

目的:研究新疆维吾尔族女性乳腺癌的发生与人类白细胞抗原(HLA) DRB1等位基因多态性的关系,探讨乳腺癌的遗传易感性。方法:分别收集维吾尔族女性乳腺癌患者和健康人外周血标本196和230例,提取细胞基因组DNA,采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR- SSP)和毛细管电泳测序(CE)的方法进行HLA-DRB1基因多态性鉴定。结果：乳腺癌患者外周血DNA的HLA-DRB1*01多态性频率显著高于健康对照(χ²=10.180,OR=4.550,P<0.05),HLA-DRB1*16多态性低于对照(χ²=4.792,OR=0.492,P<0.05),而其他位点多态性两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:维吾尔族女性乳腺癌的发生可能与HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性存在密切关系,对于揭示乳腺癌发病机制及临床诊断提供了客观依据。     

单核苷酸多态性与肿瘤转移的关系

单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是基因重要的变异方式之一,对肿瘤的影响不可忽视,特别与肿瘤转移存在密切关系,并可进一步影响到肿瘤的治疗及预后.现综述近年来SNP性与肿瘤转移关系的研究进展.     

CCR4与肿瘤的关系及其临床意义

CCR4是CC趋化因子受体（CC chemokine receptor, CCR）家族中的一员,主要表达于多种淋巴细胞。其高亲和力配体为胸腺和活化调节的趋化因子 (thymus and activation regulated chemokine,TARC/CCL17)及巨噬细胞衍生的趋化因子(macrophagederived chemokine,MDC/CCL22/STCP1)。CCR4主要通过CCR4+ Treg细胞及CCR4+ Th2细胞发挥免疫效应。CCR4的高表达与多种血液系统肿瘤以及恶性实体瘤的浸润和预后相关,其机制为Treg细胞表面的CCR4通过与其配体TARC、MDC 的结合趋化Treg细胞,引起免疫逃逸,从而导致不良临床后果。多种恶性肿瘤转移模型的研究进一步揭示了CCR4与恶性肿瘤转移之间的关系。抗CCR4嵌合型单克隆抗体KM2760的研究已进入Ⅱ期临床试验阶段,阻断TARC/MDCCCR4信号通路,有可能成为恶性肿瘤分子靶向治疗的新策略。     

ABO blood group and breast cancer incidence and survival

ABO blood type has been associated with risk and survival for several malignancies; however, data for an association with breast cancer are inconsistent. Our study population consisted of Nurses' Health Study participants with self-reported serologic blood type and/or ABO genotype. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined the association between serologic blood type and incident breast cancer among 67,697 women, including 3,107 cases. In addition, we examined the association with ABO genotype in a nested case-control study of 1,138 invasive breast cancer cases and 1,090 matched controls. Finally, we evaluated the association between serologic blood type and survival among 2,036 participants with breast cancer. No clear association was seen between serologic blood type or ABO genotype and risk of total breast cancer, invasive breast cancer or breast cancer subtypes. Compared to women with blood type O, the age-adjusted incidence rate ratios for serologic blood type and total breast cancer were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98-1.15) for type A, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.93-1.22) for AB and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.96-1.20) for B. In genetic analyses, odds ratios for invasive breast cancer were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.87-1.27) for A/O, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.86-1.69) for A/A, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.56-1.26) for A/B, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63-1.13) for B/O and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.35-3.86) for B/B, compared to O/O. No significant association was noted between blood type and overall or breast cancer-specific mortality. Our results suggest no association between ABO blood group and breast cancer risk or survival.     

Patterns of metastasis and survival in breast cancer patients: a preliminary study in an Iranian population

Due to lack of sufficient data on characteristics of breast cancer patients and risk factors for developing metastasis in Iran this study was designed to understand clinical aspects impacting on survival. A cross-sectional study on breast cancer patients was conducted in an oncology clinic of the university hospital between 1995 and 2010. Data were retrieved from medical records and included age, menopausal status, tumor diameter, number of involved nodes, histopathological type, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, c-erbB-2, primary and secondary metastasis sites, overall survival, disease free interval and type of chemotherapy protocol. The results were analyzed with SPSS 13 software.The mean age of the patients was 49.2 (27-89) years. The primary tumors were mainly ER positive (48%) and PR negative (49.3%). The status of lymph nodes dissected and examined in these patients was unknown in 19 patients (25.3%) while 18 patients (24%) had positive lymph nodes with no report on the number of involved nodes. All of the patients had received antracyclin based chemotherapy in an adjuvant or metastatic setting. Adjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to receptor positive patients. In average, overall survival after recurrence was 30 months (95%CI 24.605-35.325) for non-skeletal versus 42 months (95%CI 31.211-52.789) for skeletal metastasis (P= 0.002). The median survival was also greater for receptor positive patients; 39 months (95%CI 33.716-44.284) for PR+ versus 26 months (95%CI 19.210-32.790) for PR- (P=0.047) and 38 months (95%CI 32.908-43.092) for ER+ versus 27 months (95%CI 18.780-35.220) for ER- patients (P=0.016). No relation was found between site of first metastasis and hormone receptor, age, tumor diameter, DFI and menopausal status. Sites of metastasis were independent of age, size of the tumor, menopausal and hormone receptor status in this study. Overall survival provided significant relations with respect to receptor status and bone metastasis.     

A comparison of tumor-related antigens in male and female breast cancer

Summary A retrospective analysis was undertaken in which 15 female and 15 male breast cancers were matched by age, stage, estrogen receptor status, and histologic type. Our protocol compares male and female breast cancers for reactivity with antibodies against tumor-associated antigens known to be present on female breast cancer cells. Formalin-fixed sections of each primary tumor were reacted in the ABC immunoperoxidase assay against antibodies B72.3 and DF.3 and an antibody to theras p21 antigen. Reactivity to B72.3 and DF.3 was similar. However, the ras p21 antigen was expressed to a significantly greater extent in female breast cancers (p = .0008). Thus, although there are similarities in antigenic phenotype of male and female breast cancers, some female breast cancers may have a different pathogenesis as demonstrated by increased amounts of a specific oncogene product.     

病例对照Meta分析显示男性乳腺癌与女性乳腺癌预后相同

Objective: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, and studies to compare the prognosis between the MBC and female breast cancer (FBC) available now were case-control studies and population-based studies, however, with controversial outcomes. To further investigate whether sex affects the prognosis of breast cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on all the peered papers. Methods: The PubMed database was screened. Subsequently, the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease special su...     

The detection and analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer (report of 1,393 patients)

Objective To explore the distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in patients with breast cancer and to compare the results with clinical parameters. Methods Breast cancer specimens of 1393 cases were stained for the ER and PR by a SP Two -Step method, and analyzed with respect to age, menstrual status, histopathology and metastasis of axillary lymph nodes. Results The correlation coefficients between ER and PR were positive-(P< 0.0001). The negative expression of ER in patients 39 years or less was the highest with a statistical significance (P<0.0001 ). There was no relationship between the patient’s age and positive expression of ER, PR and negative expression of PR (P>0.05). There were significantly higher positive rates of ER and lower positive rates of PR in post-menopausaf patients than in pre -menopausal cases(P<0.0001). There was no relationship between the status of ER, PR and the corresponding histopathology (P>0.05). The patients with no metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes had higher simultaneous positive rates of ER and PR (P<0.0001), and those with axillary lymph node metastasis had significantly higher rates of negative expression of ER and PR(P<0.0001). Conclusion The positive and negative distributions of ER and PR have some regular patterns which may be used as a reference to choose combined therapy and to predict the prognosis for breast cancer patients.     

Interest in a group psychotherapy program among Philippine breast cancer patients and its associated factors

Objective: A wide variety of psychosocial interventions are available for cancer patients, among which group psychotherapy (GPT) programs have made improvements in cancer patients' quality of life, coping abilities, and emotional distress. Few research data are available describing Philippine breast cancer patients' interest in GPT. This study aimed at enumerating the factors that determine Philippine breast cancer patients' interest in a GPT program. Methods: Patients recruited from the University of Santo Tomas Hospital Benavides Cancer Institute were asked to answer a survey questionnaire about their demographic, clinical, and psychosocial status, as well as whether they would be interested in joining GPT and why. Results: Of 135 patients approached, 123 patients completed the survey. 104 (85%) women indicated interest in GPT. Patients were mostly interested because they wanted to learn coping skills (79%) and gain knowledge or information in dealing with cancer (69%). Patients said they were ‘very interested’ in learning about cancer recurrence (96%) and treatments (94%). Bivariate analysis showed that compared to the uninterested group, interested patients were younger, more likely to be married, and were more likely to have used complementary therapy for breast cancer. Logistic regression showed that married women were more likely to be interested in GPT (OR 3.30, CI 1.07–10.20). Conclusion: There is a potentially high interest in GPT among Philippine breast cancer patients. The attributes of Philippine patients interested in GPT are similar to and yet unique, compared to other populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Detection and Analysis of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer （Report of 1,393 Patients）

Objective  To explore the distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in patients with breast cancer and to compare the results with clinical parameters. Methods  Breast cancer specimens of 1393 cases were stained for the ER and PR by a SP Two -Step method, and analyzed with respect to age, menstrual status, histopathology and metastasis of axillary lymph nodes. Results  The correlation coefficients between ER and PR were positive-(P< 0.0001). The negative expression of ER in patients 39 years or less was the highest with a statistical significance (P<0.0001 ). There was no relationship between the patient’s age and positive expression of ER, PR and negative expression of PR (P>0.05). There were significantly higher positive rates of ER and lower positive rates of PR in post-menopausaf patients than in pre -menopausal cases(P<0.0001). There was no relationship between the status of ER, PR and the corresponding histopathology (P>0.05). The patients with no metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes had higher simultaneous positive rates of ER and PR (P<0.0001), and those with axillary lymph node metastasis had significantly higher rates of negative expression of ER and PR(P<0.0001). Conclusion  The positive and negative distributions of ER and PR have some regular patterns which may be used as a reference to choose combined therapy and to predict the prognosis for breast cancer patients.