非选择性单胚胎移植的胚胎着床能力及临床结局分析

目的:探讨非选择性单胚胎移植(SET)的临床妊娠结局及单胚胎移植的可行性.方法:回顾2002年1月至2007年8月在南方医院生殖医学中心进行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的病例,选择仅有单个胚胎可供移植的202个新鲜周期,分析SET的临床妊娠结局与年龄、卵巢反应性及胚胎卵裂球数的关系.结果:非选择性单胚胎移植的临床妊娠率为19.8%;＜30岁组、30～35岁组、36～40岁组、＞40岁组临床妊娠率比较,差异无显著性(P=0.192);卵巢正常反应组、低反应组的临床妊娠率比较,差异无显著性(P=0.673);7～8细胞胚胎组、6细胞胚胎组、4～5细胞胚胎组、2～3细胞胚胎组的临床妊娠率比较,差异有非常显著性(P=0.002).结论:非选择性单胚胎移植的着床能力和临床妊娠率与胚胎质量的关系最为密切,以7～8细胞胚胎的着床率和临床妊娠率最高.对于年龄在35岁以下,卵巢反应正常者,选择优质胚胎进行SET能够得到良好的妊娠结局.     

子宫内膜轻微吸刮术改善反复着床失败妇女妊娠结局的应用

目的:探讨子宫内膜微吸刮术对反复着床失败妇女再次体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2011年8月至2012年5月北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心的164例反复着床失败妇女进行前瞻性对照研究,研究组82例于再次IVF-ET术前行子宫内膜轻微吸刮术,对照组82例IVF-ET术前未行子宫内膜轻微吸刮术。观察两组患者妊娠结局。结果:两组患者年龄、不孕年限、不孕原因、基础FSH值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间促性腺激素使用天数、HCG注射日子宫内膜厚度、获卵数、移植胚胎数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组和对照组胚胎着床率(22.12% vs 10.55%)、临床妊娠率(41.46% vs 20.73%)及继续妊娠率(36.58% vs 15.85%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:子宫内膜轻微吸刮术能提高反复着床失败妇女再次IVF-ET术后的临床妊娠率,改善临床妊娠结局。     

两种子宫内膜准备方案对冷冻胚胎移植妊娠结局影响的临床随机对照研究

目的：比较月经规律患者冷冻胚胎移植周期两种子宫内膜准备方案对妊娠结局的影响。方法：采用单盲、前瞻性临床随机对照研究方法,选取2010年1月到2012年2月于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院生殖中心行冷冻胚胎移植的月经规律、年龄≤40岁,可利用冷冻胚胎数≥3的139例患者。将患者随机分为自然周期组（NC组,70例）和激素替代周期组（HRT组,69例）,其中NC组中62例、HRT组中56例完成了冷冻胚胎移植。比较两组患者的内膜厚度、ET日的E2水平、周期取消率、着床率、妊娠率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率和早期自然流产率。结果：NC组和HRT组的周期取消率分别为11.43%和18.84%,着床率为16.97%和15.89%,妊娠率为38.70%和35.71%,临床妊娠率为35.48%和30.36%,继续妊娠率为29.03%和28.57%,早期自然流产率为13.64%和5.88%,两组比较均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。NC组的内膜厚度[（10.16±2.30）mm]厚于HRT组[（8.84±1.26）mm],胚胎移植日的E2水平[（157.48±88.46）ng/L]低于HRT组[（273.57±284.76）ng/L],均有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：NC与HRT准备子宫内膜对冷冻胚胎移植的妊娠结局无影响。     

减少优质胚胎移植数目对重复体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨减少优质胚胎移植数目对重复体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析重复IVF-ET治疗的不孕患者427个周期,根据胚胎移植数分为2枚组和3枚组,分别比较年龄<35岁患者及年龄≥35岁患者移植2枚或3枚优质胚胎的妊娠结局。结果:年龄<35岁患者中,重复周期移植2枚优质胚胎组与3枚组临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率均无明显差异(P>0.05),但2枚组多胎妊娠率显著低于3枚组(P<0.05),新生儿体重显著高于3枚组(P<0.05);年龄≥35岁患者中,两组妊娠率、流产率、活产率和新生儿体重均无差异,但2枚组多胎妊娠率显著低于3枚组(P<0.05)。结论:对于不同年龄段重复周期患者,移植优质胚胎数从3枚减少到2枚,并不会明显降低临床妊娠率,但可减少多胎妊娠的发生,获得更好的妊娠结局。     

减少胚胎移植数量对高龄妇女体外受精-胚胎移植临床结局的影响

目的探讨减少移植胚胎数量对于年龄≥35岁妇女体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)临床结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2015年12月期间在本中心接受新鲜周期胚胎移植且年龄≥35岁患者的临床资料,每名患者只纳入第一个取卵周期。取卵后第3日(D3)可移植胚胎数均3个但选择移植2个胚胎者为研究组,共2 361个周期;按照1︰1对年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平等进行配比选择移植3个胚胎者为对照组,共计2 361个周期。比较研究组和对照组患者的基线数据和临床结局。根据女方年龄将研究组和对照组再分为35～37岁组、38～40岁组和40岁组,比较不同年龄亚组减少胚胎移植数量对临床结局的影响。结果患者年龄、不孕年限、BMI、基础FSH水平、促性腺激素(Gn)用量、使用时间等组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组与对照组相比,临床妊娠率、活产率、流产率,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组着床率(13.55%)显著高于对照组(10.36%,P0.001);研究组多胎妊娠率(19.18%)、异位妊娠率(6.15%)、早产率(13.62%)均显著低于对照组(24.56%、10.8%、24.7%;P=0.03、P=0.006、P=0.001)。研究组新生儿的胎龄[(37.9±2.0)周]及平均出生体质量[(3 110.9±653.9) g]均显著大于对照组[(37.3±2.4)周,(2 957.7±656.1) g],差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.004)。在35～37岁组、38～40岁组、40岁组中,研究组与对照组的临床妊娠率、活产率、流产率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),40岁研究组多胎妊娠率(6.41%)显著低于对照组(18.18%,P=0.035)。结论对于年龄≥35岁妇女减少移植胚胎数量并不降低临床妊娠率和活产率,同时显著降低多胎妊娠率,改善妊娠结局。     

玻璃化冻融人卵裂期胚胎移植结局的影响因素分析

目的:探讨玻璃化冻融人第3天卵裂期胚胎移植结局的影响因素。方法:回顾分析977例1301个冻融胚胎移植周期,根据患者年龄、新鲜周期结局、移植胚胎质量等因素分组,比较各分组的胚胎植入率、临床妊娠率。结果:复苏3598个胚胎,存活3462个。周期临床妊娠率24.1%,出生婴儿291个。新鲜周期结局、移植胚胎质量组间胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。子宫内膜准备方案、胚胎的复苏程度组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组相同不孕年限亚组间的胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。移植日子宫内膜厚度>12.0mm组与其他两组相比,胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率较高(P<0.05);不同FET次数组间,1次组的胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率明显高于其他两组(P<0.01)。非条件逐步logistic回归分析表明年龄(P<0.01,OR=0.43)、FET次数(2次组P<0.01,OR=0.30;3次组P<0.01,OR=0.19)、新鲜周期结局(P<0.01,OR=9.01)、移植胚胎质量(P<0.01,OR=3.52)与移植结局相关。结论:年龄、新鲜周期结局、移植胚胎质量等是影响冻融胚胎移植结局的重要因素。     

不同胚胎选择体系对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨IVF-ET周期中不同胚胎选择体系对妊娠结局的影响。方法:将530个IVF-ET周期随机分为3组,按不同的胚胎选择方法选择胚胎进行移植。A组:228个移植周期,根据d3胚胎常规评分方法选择胚胎;B组:140个移植周期,根据d3胚胎常规评分结合原核评分选择胚胎;C组:162个移植周期,根据d3胚胎常规评分结合胚胎早期分裂选择胚胎。将C组进一步分为移植胚胎中有早裂胚胎和无早裂胚胎二组。比较各组的临床妊娠率和单胚着床率。结果:B组的临床妊娠率和单胚种植率为37.86%和21.77%,与A组(33.33%和20.56%)比均无统计学差异(P>0.05);而C组(45.06%和30.88%)均显著高于A组(P<0.05);C组移植胚胎中有早裂胚胎者的临床妊娠率和单胚着床率为55.68%和38.38%,分别显著高于移植胚胎中不含早裂胚胎者(32.43%和21.94%)(P<0.05)。结论:d3胚胎常规评分结合胚胎早期分裂选择的胚胎移植,可以提高IVF-ET周期的临床妊娠率和单胚着床率。     

体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)输卵管积水预处理后冻融胚胎解冻移植结局分析

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中输卵管积水患者积水处理(单侧或双侧输卵管切除/结扎)后冻融胚胎移植结局和影响因素。方法:回顾分析2012年6月~2014年6月在兰州大学第一医院生殖医学专科医院因输卵管积水行IVF-ET的117例患者的临床资料。117例患者中,取卵后因积水返流宫腔行全胚冷冻取消移植者69例,不良结局者48例。比较行输卵管积水处理后的117例患者(研究组)和因输卵管因素行冻融胚胎解冻移植(FET)的212例患者的妊娠结局。结果:研究组117例患者中111例行积水单侧或双侧结扎/切除,6例行输卵管栓塞,FET 115例后妊娠70例,妊娠率60.87%,早期流产8例,流产率11.42%,宫角妊娠2例。对照组212例完成206个解冻移植周期,妊娠114例,妊娠率55.33%,早期流产12例,早期流产率10.52%,异位妊娠3例,异位妊娠率2.63%。两组的受精率、可利用胚胎率、临床妊娠率等无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)取卵后输卵管积水切除或结扎或栓塞后行冻融胚胎解冻移植,可获得良好的妊娠结局。     

薄型子宫内膜新鲜胚胎和冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局比较

目的探讨在薄型子宫内膜患者中新鲜胚胎移植与冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局的差异。方法回顾性分析接受体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗采用长方案胚胎移植h CG注射日与冻融周期胚胎移植内膜转化日的内膜厚度≤7 mm的患者共592个周期的临床资料。将移植周期按胚胎是否冻融分为新鲜胚胎移植组(n=173)和FET组(n=419)。比较组间的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率、多胎率和异位妊娠率有无差异。结果新鲜胚胎移植组患者平均移植胚胎(2.1±0.4)枚,与FET组患者平均移植胚胎(2.1±0.5)枚比较,组间有统计学差异(P0.05);按照移植胚胎数分为3个亚组,新鲜胚胎移植组1枚胚胎者,妊娠率为7.7%,2枚者为30.2%,3枚者为23.8%;FET组1枚胚胎者15.6%,2枚者为34.9%,3枚者为41.6%,新鲜胚胎移植组与FET组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。组间着床率、流产率、异位妊娠率等结果也均无统计学差异(P0.05)。移植3枚胚胎新鲜组多胎率(80.0%)高于FET组(29.7%)(P0.05)。新鲜胚胎移植组多胎率3个亚组间有统计学差异(P0.05),FET组妊娠率和流产率3个亚组间均有统计学差异(P0.05)。将移植胚胎数作为协变量,纳入Logistics回归模型对结果变量进行分析,说明周期类型与临床妊娠率间无显著相关性(OR=0.726,95%CI=0.504~1.104)。结论子宫内膜厚度≤7 mm的薄型内膜患者新鲜胚胎移植和FET妊娠结局相似,选择新鲜周期移植不影响妊娠结局并可缩短治疗周期,降低总费用。     

高龄妇女体外受精-胚胎移植助孕结局分析

目的：探讨高龄妇女接受体外受精－胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗后的助孕结局。方法：对2001年7月—2009年7月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院生殖中心行IVF-ET治疗的高龄妇女（≥35岁）的753个取卵周期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按妇女年龄分为4组：A组（35～36岁）,B组（37～38岁）,C组（39～40岁）,D组（≥41岁）,分析不同组的IVF-ET结局。结果：724个移植周期（另外29个周期无胚胎移植）,97个周期获活产,活产率为13.4%。随年龄增长,获卵数明显减少,各组分别为（9.8±6.0）,（8.6±5.4）,（6.7±4.3）,（5.3±4.4）个;胚胎种植率明显下降,分别为17.9%,12.8%,10.0%和4.3%;活产率明显下降,分别为16.7%,13.3%,12.4%和2.3%。各组上述指标差异均有统计学意义（P分别为0.001,0.001和0.006）。年龄≥43岁的45例患者中无一例获得活产。结论：随年龄增长,高龄妇女接受IVF-ET治疗后的胚胎种植率和活产率明显下降,40岁以后下降更为明显。IVF治疗是否应设定年龄上限有待进一步研究。     

miRNAs小鼠哮喘模型中的作用初探

目的 探讨小鼠哮喘模型中miRNAs的差异表达情况.方法 将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、卵清蛋白处理组、地塞米松治疗组各8只,使用血细胞分析仪检测每组肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜中性粒细胞(NEU)、巨噬细胞(MAC)和淋巴细胞(LYM)的表达情况,通过ELISA的方法 检测每组肺泡灌洗液中白细...     

Role of ultrasound in the management of diabetes in pregnancy

The purpose of this review is to discuss the established role of ultrasound (US) in the management of pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as new developments with regard to the use of US in this situation. We choose to explore the role of US in pregnancy complicated by DM in three areas:

(1) Role of US in estimation of fetal weight.

(2) Role of US in diagnosis of congenital malformation.

(3) Role of US in monitoring diabetic pregnant patients.     

Increase in incidence of gastroschisis in the South West of England in 1995

Objective To describe the incidence of gastroschisis and to identify possible aetiological factors.
Design A retrospective case review study.
Setting The South West Region of England.
Population All known cases of gastroschisis were identified from the regional fetal medicine, ultrasound, pathology and neonatal surgery databases. Datasets to be collected were agreed prospectively and included demographic, past medical, family and obstetric information for all pregnancies conceived between January 1987 and December 1995.
Results In the first eight years the incidence was 1.61 10,000 but in 1995 a highly statistically significant rise to 4.4/ 10,000 was found (   P = 0.0009  ). The increased incidence was not associated with changes in maternal age, proportion of primigravidae, use of tobacco or illicit drugs, conception while taking the oral contraceptive pill, or an increase in the number of teenage pregnancies. The median maternal age at last menstrual period for pregnancies with gastroschisis was 20.4 years which was much younger than the national average of 28 years. Thirty-seven percent of these conceptions occurred during the first quarter of the year compared with the expected 25%.
Conclusions The incidence of gastroschisis has risen to a higher level than previously reported which, despite a marked association with young maternal age at conception, is not due to an increase in the teenage pregnancy rate. As the average length of inpatient stay in the neonatal intensive care unit for cases with this malformation is approximately four weeks, the rise has considerable cost implications. The increasing incidence may also offer opportunities to determine the cause of gastroschisis.     

Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in China

BackgroundIn March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited.AimThe present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people's sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic, and explore the context in which they manifest.MethodsA convenience sample of 270 men and 189 women who completed an online survey consisting of 12 items plus an additional question were included in the study.OutcomesThe study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people's sexual behavior.ResultsWhile there was a wide range of individual responses, our results showed that 44% of participants reported a decrease in the number of sexual partners and about 37% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, partner relationship, and sexual desire were closely related to sexual frequency. In addition, we found that most individuals with risky sexual experiences had a rapid reduction in risky sexual behavior.Clinical ImplicationsThe current findings contribute to identifying another potential health implication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and report preliminary evidence of the need to provide potential interventions for the population.Strength & LimitationsThis study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The generalizability of the results is limited, given that only a small convenience sample was used.ConclusionDuring the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China.Li W, Li G, Xin C, et al. Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in China. J Sex Med 2020;17:1225–1228.     

Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy

The purpose of this open, prospective, randomized, comparative study was to examine the effectiveness of atenolol, a cardioselective beta₁ blocker, alphamethyldopa, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, and ketanserin, a serotonin receptor antagonist, in the treatment of 90 patients (N–30 each) with severe chronic hypertension (ChH) during pregnancy or severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, with or without proteinuria in either case.

Arterial blood pressure (BP) for each drug group was analyzed at the onset of treatment, weekly for three weeks, and at the end of pregnancy. After one week of treatment a significant drop in BP was observed in the three groups of patients. Thereafter BP remained stable until the end of gestation, when a slight increase in BP was observed, especially in the group of patients treated with ketanserin.

No significant difference was observed between the groups in mean birthweight and perinatal morbidity and mortality. No adverse effects from the drugs on the fetus or newborn were observed. No significant difference was observed among the three drugs in their antihypertensive effect. However, given the relatively small numbers of patients studied, definitive statements regarding the relative efficacy and safety of alphamethyldopa, ketanserin and atenolol cannot be made. Thus, additional, larger controlled trials of these agents are required.     

Seroprevalence of TORCH infections in women of childbearing age in Croatia

During 2005–2009, a seroepidemiological study was carried out in Croatia to define the population susceptible to common TORCH agents among pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age. The IgG seroprevalence was 29.1% forT. gondii, 94.6% for rubella, 75.3% for cytomegalovirus (CMV), 78.7% for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and 6.8% for HSV-2. Acute toxoplasmosis and CMV infection (positive IgM antibodies with low IgG avidity) were documented in 0.25% and 0.09% women, respectively. IgM prevalence was 1.2% for both HSV-1 and HSV-2. None of the participants showed acute rubella infection. Seropositivity to T. gondii and HSV-2 varied significantly between age groups (p?=?0.001 and p?=?0.036, respectively). Women residing in rural regions showed a significantly higher seroprevalence rate for T. gondii, CMV, and HSV-1 than urban women (T. gondii: 44.0% vs. 25.4%, p?<?0.001; CMV: 85.0% vs. 73.1%, p?=?0.018; HSV-1: 86.0% vs. 76.4%, p?=?0.041).     

细胞自噬在子宫腺肌病发病机制中作用的研究进展

子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis)作为女性常见疾病之一,其常见症状如痛经、经量过多对患者生活质量造成严重影响,常并发贫血甚至休克,子宫腺肌病还可导致不良妊娠及不孕症。子宫腺肌病保守治疗效果较差、较易复发,部分患者需接受手术治疗。子宫腺肌病的发病机制目前尚不明确,近年也逐渐成为妇科领域的研究热点。细胞自噬(autophagy)作为调节细胞生长代谢的重要生理机制,其在包括肿瘤在内的众多疾病的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用。近年细胞自噬在子宫腺肌病发生、发展及转归方面的作用日益引起关注,针对两者之间关系的研究也越来越多。总结自噬在子宫腺肌病中作用的最新相关研究进展,并对自噬在子宫腺肌病治疗中的潜在作用进行探讨。     

广州地区6493例女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒检测结果分析

目的了解广州地区妇女生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒感染状况和基因亚型分布。方法 2006年10月至2010年2月,采用核酸分子快速导流杂交基因芯片分型技术(HybriMax)对广州地区6493例女性进行人乳头状瘤病毒检测,并对HPVDNA亚型、感染率和年龄分布进行分析。结果 6493例女性中检出HPV阳性1947例,阳性率为29.99%。阳性感染者中,单一型感染最多,为1436例,占73.75%,其中高危单一型感染者1143例,占58.71%,低危单一型感染者293例,占15.05%;混合型感染者511例,占26.25%,主要为双重感染,占19.41%。15个与宫颈癌密切相关的HPV高危亚型阳性率为25.24%,6个低危亚型HPV感染阳性率为7.98%。排在前十位的亚型分别是HPV52(25.22%)、HPV58(14.20%)、HPV16(13.56%)、HPV6(9.76%)、HPV11(8.32%)、HPV53(7.70%)、HPV33(6.73%)、CP8304(6.68)、HPV68(6.63)、HPV18(6.52%)。在各年龄组中,小于20岁女性感染率最高,为52.5%,各年龄组HPV感染差异有统计学意义...