Surgeons' attitudes toward HIV/AIDS in Turkey

Currently HIV/AIDS is one of the most difficult challenges for health care professionals. As primary medical care providers, attitudes of the physicians towards HIV/AIDS are of utmost significance. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of the surgeons towards HIV/AIDS in their working environment. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire given to 128 surgeons. Results revealed that gender, age and professional experience are not significant. This study demonstrated that doctors are worried about contracting HIV/AIDS from the patients. In some circumstances doctors' attitudes, are not clear which may lead to some ethical problems. It is concluded that doctors overestimate the risks and they need special education about HIV/AIDS, as well as professional help to handle their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS.     

Just jokes! Icebreakers,innuendo, teasing and talking: The role of humour in HIV/AIDS peer education among university students

Peer conversation provides an important platform for people to explore and disseminate sexual health knowledge. Humour forms part of conversations held between peers including those where sexual health and sexual decisions are discussed. The central argument of this article links conversation, humour and peer education. Drawing on interviews and diaries kept by 12 student peer educators over a two-month period in a South African university, the article explores the forms and functions of humour in instigating and encouraging informal peer education between young people in a university setting. The evidence shows that humour can foster intimacy, familiarity and camaraderie in peer interactions; keeps conversation moving; and acts as a gateway to discussion of taboo, personal and private subjects that lie at the core of effective peer education. Components of humour (joking, teasing, innuendo, provocation) and the transformation of the serious (and boring) into the enjoyable (and accessible) are found in these peer interactions. However, humour can also limit communication by keeping conversations light and superficial or, in the case of inappropriate humour, close conversation altogether. Acknowledging the nuances of humour within conversation and peer education allows for a clearer understanding of the ways in which humour contributes to effective health promotion efforts and how it can be used within peer educator practice. The effect of the personality traits of peer educators on effective use of humour in conversation is an area that could benefit from further insight and research.     

乡镇中学生开展艾滋病性病知识同伴教育效果评估

目的探讨针对乡镇中学生采取同伴教育措施预防艾滋病的策略。方法在广东省珠江三角洲某市,随机选择2所乡镇中学,共征募并培训20名同伴教育员在校开展同伴教育工作,组织开展多种形式的艾滋病知识宣传活动。在干预前后用相同的调查表对学生进行问卷调查。结果干预前后(相隔6个月)分别调查192名和191名在校中学生,艾滋病知识总知晓率从干预前的22.92%提高到干预后的66.49%(P<0.05);最近半年有性行为的比例从干预前的18.23%下降到干预后的9.95%(P<0.05);最近一次性生活中采取安全措施的比例从干预前的52.71%增加到干预后的94.74%(P<0.05)。结论在乡镇中学生中开展同伴教育活动能显著提高中学生对艾滋病知识的知晓率,减少对艾滋病的歧视,减少危险性行为,对发挥中学生在控制艾滋病蔓延的作用具有重要作用。     

A traditional society in change encounters HIV/AIDS: knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior among students in northwestern China

China has to date in general only been moderately affected by the global HIV epidemic, but there are cities, particularly in Yunnan, with a high prevalence. This situation seems to be changing, however, with the risk of a rapidly growing epidemic. Our aim was to investigate the level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS and risk behavior among young people at Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China. Xinjiang has a population of mixed minority groups and Han Chinese. The largest minority group is the Uygur (8.82 million), who are Sunni Muslims and speak a Turkish language. Questionnaires were handed out to 400 students. Twenty open interviews were conducted after invitation to the students answering the questionnaires and their friends. All but one had heard about HIV/AIDS and approximately 95% knew the most common routes of transmission: sexual contact, mother to child, and sharing needles. Eighty percent also knew about transmission through breastfeeding. There were some knowledge gaps about how HIV is not transmitted. The questionnaires showed that only 5.7% of the undergraduate students admitted to being sexually active. Twenty-eight percent of the undergraduates and 17% of the postgraduates would not tell anyone if they were infected with HIV. In the interviews the students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS seems to be superficial. Although they did not display high sexual risk behavior during the time of our study, attitudes are changing, and becoming more liberal. We believe that extensive information about sex, infection, and protective measures is crucial to help China prevent an epidemic.     

在校大学生预防艾滋病健康教育方式和相关措施

国内对在校大学生艾滋病健康教育研究较多,但有效措施并不多;专题讲课、同伴教育、参与式运用较多,电影课、动画片、健康处方有一定的效果。对国内公开发表的有关文献进行搜索、综述,分析适合在校大学生艾滋病健康教育的方式和有效措施。但对性观念、性行为的改变还需加强健康教育。     

校外青少年艾滋病应对社区同伴教育成功实践

目的总结在社区开展校外青少年艾滋病防治干预工作的经验,为今后大规模开展青少年干预活动提供科学依据。方法采用基线调查与干预后测试的横断面调查方法 ,通过利用混合式半开放结构式访谈问卷,对7个省项目点的5000多名校外青少年,进行干预前后对照评估。结果通过在社区开展艾滋病防治干预活动,使参与活动的校外青少年艾滋病知识知晓率和安全套使用率显著提高。他们中＂最后一次性行为使用安全套＂的比例从基线的27.67%提高到59.88%,增长了34.86%（χ2=34,86,P〈0.000）;而＂过去3个月每次性行为都使用安全套＂的比例从基线的24.77%提高到51.44%,增长了26.67%（χ2=37,70,P〈0.000）,其中,女性的改变比男性更为显著。结论研究提供的证据肯定了同伴教育做为校外青少年艾滋病应对的基本策略。然而,这个以多个省项目点为背景的广泛社区为基础的实践进一步表明,成功的同伴教育只有在社区组织的广泛参与和支持的框架中才能更为持久、有效和易于推广。     

An examination of knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV/AIDS prevention in Zimbabwean university students: comparing intervention program participants and non-participants.

OBJECTIVES: This study represents a comprehensive assessment of differences between participants in an HIV/AIDS prevention program (SHAPE: Sustainability, Hope, Action, Prevention, Education) and non-participants in knowledge, attitudes and practices with a focus on cultural, sociological and economic variables. METHODS: We developed an eight-page questionnaire that was administered to 933 randomly selected students at the University of Zimbabwe. Survey items addressed sexual decision-making, condom use, limiting sexual partners, cultural power dynamics and access to HIV testing. RESULTS: Results show participants are statistically more likely to report being sexually abstinent, and understand the prevention benefits of condom use. SHAPE members had fewer sexual partners in the previous year than non-SHAPE members (1.4 vs. 2.2). SHAPE members were significantly more likely (67%) than non-SHAPE respondents (48%) to indicate that they knew their HIV sero-status and to state that they knew their status because they had been tested (85% vs. 71%). DISCUSSION: Though we found differences between the groups suggesting that program participation increases awareness concerning gender equity, there continue to be many intractable cultural attitudes in this age group. Findings suggest that the attitudes and practices of young men and women are changing, but that progress in some areas does not assure progress in all areas.     

北京市大学生艾滋病健康教育结构维度研究

泪的探究在大学生中进行艾滋病健康教育应包含的结构维度,为今后开展大学生艾滋病健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用分层抽样方法,在北京市10所大学中选取800名大学生作为研究对象,使用问卷调查的研究方法和探索性因素分析的统计学方法,得到大学生健康教育的结构维度。结果对776份有效问卷进行探索性因素分析,KMO值为0．790,Bartlett’s球形检验x2值为6430．000（自由度为595）达显著,可以解释总变异的53．198％,得到9个因子。结论大学生艾滋病健康教育应包含的结构维度为：艾滋病与日常生活、对艾滋病患者的态度、艾滋病的主要特征、艾滋病的易感人群、对艾滋病的防范、与艾滋病有关的危险行为、学校应采取的措施、怀疑患病后应采取的措施、危险人群中艾滋病的预防。     

The effects of a social-cognitive method based education on knowledge and attitudes intentions with respect to HIV transmission among students in Maragheh,Iran

Objective

To evaluate a social-cognitive method based HIV/AIDS prevention education among students in high schools of a small city in Maragheh, Iran.

Methods

The study was based on a pre-post-quasi experimental design; pre-experimental questionnaires were administered among a total of 369 students chosen from 10 different high schools. We used a validated, self-administered questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaires examined validly and reliably with Cronbach''s alpha test (83%). Students were randomly divided to the general physician intervention group and the specialist intervention group for gaining the social-cognitive method based HIV/AIDS prevention education. After two months, the post-experimental questionnaires were administered among the same students.

Results

The mean score of educational pre-experimental questionnaires was 10.127 4, and the mean score of post-experimental questionnaires was 12.430 9. The difference was significant (P<0.001). On the other hand, the attitude pre-experimental questionnaires mean score was 50.804 3, and the post-experimental questionnaires mean score was 51.744 6, the difference regarded to attitude was not significant (P>0.055).

Conclusions

Although the social-cognitive method based education was not associated with a change in students'' attitude about HIV/AIDS prevention, but was associated with higher knowledge in this regard. Peer group education, condom promotion and useful and productive life skills taught by trained experts are needed to educate the high school students regarding the health consequences of HIV/AIDS for having a significant effect on their attitude.     

高校大学生艾滋病健康教育平台的探索与构建

艾滋病是一种病死率极高的传染病,高校大学生是艾滋病的易感人群之一,健康教育是目前预防和控制艾滋病的最经济、有效的一种措施。针对目前中国高校在艾滋病健康教育中存在的问题与不足,在艾滋病高发的西部民族地区积极探索并构建新的高校艾滋病健康教育平台,以医学院校为指导,整合、优化各种教育资源,从而不断提升高校艾滋病健康教育的整体水平与效果。     

Mental health and substance abuse staff: HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

Mental health and substance abuse treatment staff completed a set of measures assessing their attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs concerning AIDS. Results indicated that while most staff were aware of basic information about the disease, approximately one-third were not aware of the neuropsychological and psycho-behavioural concomitants of the disorder. Those surveyed were aware of the main transmission routes, but overgeneralized their concern to casual contact. Most staff indicated willingness to work with HIV-infected individuals, although 29% stated they would try to avoid working with them. Interestingly, mental health staff expressed greater hesitancy than substance abuse staff. These and other results are interpreted to suggest that some desensitization of concern may have already occurred among those who have worked with HIV-positive clients. Individuals who had worked with an HIV-positive client had greater knowledge, less discomfort, and were less likely to want to avoid those who are HIV-positive. Questions attempting to identify sources of discomfort in working with AIDS or HIV-positive clients suggested that fear of contagion may be the primary concern, followed by discomfort of working with the terminally ill, and then discomfort with IV drug users and homosexuals. The implications of these results for continuing education activities and staff readiness are discussed.     

北京市石景山区某大学学生AIDS知识问卷分析

目的了解北京市石景山区某大学学生艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)相关知识、对艾滋病病人的态度、其知识来源、变化情况。方法分别于2005年12月和2010年12月,对北京市石景山区某大学学生进行问卷调查,问卷包括流动人员人口学现状、HIV/AIDS相关知识知晓情况、对待感染者的态度和主要知识来源等方面。结果两次分别发出问卷300份,2005年收回有效问卷204份,2010年收回有效问卷201份。2010年较2005年受访者艾滋病相关知识水平有明显提高,2010年大学生对艾滋病性、血液和母婴三种传播方式知晓率分别达到92.5%、97.0%和100%,对艾滋病病人态度改善显著。结论经过不间断的艾滋病相关知识教育,北京市石景山区某大学学生艾滋病知识水平有提高,对艾滋病态度改善,但艾滋病相关教育仍应加强。     

Discriminatory attitudes toward persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica: a hierarchical analysis of university students

BACKGROUND: As the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) continues to increase in Jamaica, concerns of discriminatory attitudes become more important. OBJECTIVE: To examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward PLWHAs, including sympathy and support for PLWHAs in the workplace and in school. METHODS: The authors conducted a survey of 1,252 students between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. RESULTS: Less than half of the students who were surveyed reported sympathetic attitudes toward either homosexual males or female prostitutes living with HIV/AIDS (41 percent and 44 percent, respectively), while a majority reported sympathetic attitudes toward heterosexual males and non-prostitute females living with the disease (67 percent and 81 percent). Most students reported that HIV-positive teachers should be allowed to teach, and that HIV-positive children should be allowed to attend school (80 percent and 62 percent). Only a minority (36 percent) reported that HIV-positive nurses should be allowed to work. Students who were more sympathetic toward PLWHAs were more tolerant of PLWHAs in the workplace and in school, while those with inaccurate knowledge concerning HIV transmission risk were less tolerant. CONCLUSION: Levels of discriminatory attitudes are high in Jamaica and warrant the attention of both individual- and societal-level interventions.     

建筑工人艾滋病知识知晓率调查分析

目的了解建筑工人艾滋病知识知晓情况,以便更好地有针对性地开展该类人群艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育。方法在广西灵山县灵城选取5所建筑工地1000名民工进行艾滋病知识调查。结果建筑民工对AIDS知识的总知晓率为59.0%,对3种传播途径的知晓率为66.2%,对AIDS的非传播途径总知晓率为47.3%。结论建筑民工对AIDS知识的总知晓率（59%）离中国艾滋病2010年行动计划要求达85%以上还有很大差距,对流动人口艾滋病知识的宣传还要加强。     

贵州省青年学生艾滋病防治知识知晓现状调查

目的 了解贵州省青年学生艾滋病防治相关知识的知晓情况,为开展青年学生艾滋病防治工作提供依据.方法 采用自愿网络问卷方式调查2019-2020年参加贵州省艾滋病防治项目47所高校学生的艾滋病防治知识知晓情况.结果 73 073名青年学生参与网络调查,艾滋病防治知识总知晓率为70.5％;学生对性传播、血液传播和母婴传播是艾滋病传播途径的知晓率高于非艾滋病传播途径的知晓率(x2=1 531.642,P＜0.05).多因素分析显示,女生艾滋病防治知识知晓率高于男生(OR=1.245,95％CI=1.203～1.288,P＜0.05);与研究生相比,本科生(OR=0.684,95％CI=0.480～0.974)和专科生(OR=0.315,95％CI=0.221～0.450)知晓率较低(P＜0.05);与贵阳市相比,黔南州(OR=0.514,95％CI=0.482～0.549)和铜仁市(OR=0.841,95％CI=0.791～0.894)学生的知晓率较低(P＜0.05),毕节市(OR=2.379,95％CI=1.919～2.950)学生的知晓率较高(P＜0.05).结论 在青年学生中仍需进一步普及艾滋病防治知识,有针对性地强化不同性别和不同教育程度学生的薄弱知识点,着重对非艾滋病的传播途径、流行状况、检测及治疗等知识开展形式多样的宣传教育.     

高中生性态度与AIDS／性相关知识及性教育现状调查

目的了解当代高中生的性态度、艾滋病（AIDS）／性相关知识等的知晓情况以及性教育现状,为今后采取针对性的健康教育提供科学依据。方法对陕西省汉中地区4个县5所高中的1040名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,采用SPSS 13．0软件录入数据,并进行频数描述。结果共得有效问卷940份,其中43．51％的学生有过恋爱经历,64．06％的学生不反对婚前性行为。高中生对AIDS传播途径的平均知晓率为87．00％。有41．49％的学生知道避孕的方法。只有41．60％的高中生接受过性教育,70．00％的学生认为有必要开设专门的性教育课程。结论当代高中生的性开放度已经有了很大提高,但对一些性知识的了解还比较贫乏,同时接受正规的性教育仍然不足。因此亟需在高中普及性教育,同时性教育还应与AIDS知识的宣传相结合。     

Contraceptive practices in the era of HIV/AIDS among university students in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

University students as a population of young adults are reportedly at a higher risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection than the general public due to their higher levels of sexual experimentation and unsafe sexual practices. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to find the patterns of contraceptive use among university students at Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A total of 752 students were selected by stratified random sampling techniques. A self-administered questionnaire probing contraceptive usage and reasons for non-usage was used to collect data. The results were summarized using means (SD) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Chi-square test was used to find the association between gender and contraceptive use. The mean age of the participants was 21.25 years (SD?=?2.99). Fifty-nine percent (n?=?442) were sexually active. Of the sexually active students, 90.7% (n?=?401) used contraceptives. Among contraceptive users, 90.5% (n?=?363) used condoms. Gender was not significantly associated (p?=?0.327) with contraceptive use, but there was a significant association between gender and condom use as males used condom more than females (p?<?0.001). Eighty-one percent (n?=?323) of the sexually active students reported that they had used a contraceptive the last time they had sex. Regarding frequency of contraceptive use, 38.7% (n?=?155) reported that they use contraceptives sometimes or rarely. The frequency of contraceptive use was not significantly related to gender (p?=?0.305). Among 60 participants those who disapproved of using contraception, 68.3% (n =?41) were afraid that contraception would cause sterility and 6 students reported that contraception would make their partner promiscuous. In conclusion, a large proportion of university students at MUT in South Africa are sexually active and use contraception, but the use may be inconsistent. Thus, more research is needed to create interventions on contraception uptake.     

Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and attitudes towards people living with HIV among the general staff of a public university in Malaysia

Stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV have been widely documented, and have extended their impact into the workplace. Stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the workplace significantly hinder HIV prevention efforts and indirectly affect national development. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS and assess attitudes towards PLHIV among the general staff of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), as well as to identify factors that are associated with it. Self-administered questionnaires were posted to a total of 344 general staff from six randomly selected faculties, and they were a given a week to return the questionnaires. The response rate was 38%. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation, independent t-test and multiple linear regression. The respondents showed a considerably high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS (mean knowledge score of 15.57±1.93 out of 18 points) although there were some misconceptions (N=129). Likert scale responses to 20 attitude statements revealed that respondents generally had moderately positive attitudes toward PLHIV (average score of 69.65±10.08 out of 100 points). Attitudes were inconsistent when it involved direct contact and interaction with PLHIV. Factors significantly associated with level of knowledge and attitudes included age, education and income. There was no difference in mean score for knowledge and attitudes by gender. Further efforts are necessary to improve attitudes of the general staff towards PLHIV, particularly in areas of direct contact with PLHIV.