双侧卵巢切除对围绝经期妇女骨密度及身体成分的影响

目的探讨双侧卵巢切除术对围绝经期妇女骨密度、身体成分及性激素的影响。方法选择2009年1月1日—2009年12月31日期间在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院妇产科行双侧卵巢切除术的围绝经期患者33例（卵巢切除组）,以同期更年期门诊自然绝经妇女35例为对照组,采用美国GE-Lunar-Prodigy双能X线骨密度检测仪和化学发光法检测两组妇女在闭经6和12个月时的骨密度、脂肪含量、肌肉含量及性激素。结果两组妇女在闭经后6和12个月时,骨密度、脂肪含量、肌肉含量比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在闭经6个月时,卵巢切除组的雌二醇（E2）水平明显低于对照组[（14.79±22.17）U/Lvs（32.74±31.02U/L）]（P〈0.05）;闭经后12个月时,卵巢切除组的E2和卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义[E2：（8.09±4.38）U/Lvs（25.92±3.53）U/L;FSH：（64.88±18.39）U/Lvs（40.69±31.63）U/L]（P〈0.05）。结论围绝经期双侧卵巢切除后12个月内主要表现为E2和FSH改变,而E2水平的降低对骨密度、脂肪含量以及肌肉含量的影响并未显现。     

围绝经期与绝经早期妇女骨密度及身体成分分析

目的 探讨围绝经期与绝经早期妇女骨密度(BMD)和身体成分的变化,分析身体成分对BMD的影响.方法 选择2008年3月在本院行健康体检的40～60岁围绝经期和绝经≤5年的妇女,记录身高和体质量,计算体质指数(BMI).采用双能X线检测仪检测腰椎1～4和左侧股骨颈、大转子及全髋的BMD,以及全身脂肪含量和肌肉含量.结果 符合条件的妇女共157例,其中围绝经期组69例,绝经早期组88例.绝经早期组身高明显低于围绝经期组[(156.8±4.9)cm和(159.2±5.1)cm],BMI明显高于围绝经期组[(24.2±2.8)kg/m2和(23.2±2.5)kg/m2];两组妇女的体质量、脂肪含量和肌肉含量间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).绝经早期组腰椎1～4的BMD和股骨颈BMD均显著低于围绝经期组[分别为(1.09±0.14)g/cm2和(1.19±0.15) g/cm2,(0.90±0.11)g/cm2和(0.94±0.12) g/cm2,P<0.05];两组妇女其他部位BMD间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).逐步多元回归分析显示,各部位BMD与肌肉含量均有相关性(P<0.05),BMI和脂肪含量与各部位BMD均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 绝经早期腰椎和股骨颈的BMD明显降低,而脂肪含量和肌肉含量的变化不明显.绝经后骨质疏松症的预防工作应尽早开始.     

围绝经期抑郁症妇女性激素水平的变化

目的:通过围绝经期抑郁症妇女治疗前后性激素水平变化情况的比较和分析,探讨围绝经期抑郁症妇女性激素生理功能的改变。方法:采用自评抑郁量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)抑郁状态问卷(depression status inventory,DSI)对年龄在40~54周岁的围绝经期门诊就诊妇女进行抑郁症状的评估;采用化学发光法对围绝经期抑郁症治疗前的、治疗后显著好转的、围绝经期正常的以及正常生育年龄的妇女进行血清4项性激素水平测定。结果:围绝经期抑郁症组妇女的血清E2、FSH、LH、P水平与生育年龄组、围绝经期正常组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);围绝经期抑郁症治疗6个月后症状有显著好转妇女的血清性激素水平变化情况:血清E2、P水平与治疗前比较有显著升高,血清FSH、LH水平与治疗前比较有显著降低,且血清E2、FSH、LH、P水平与围绝经期正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:围绝经期妇女的血清E2、P水平显著降低,血清FSH、LH水平显著升高,性激素的生理和调节功能变化,性腺轴系调节功能失调,导致机体内分泌功能紊乱,是围绝经期妇女发生抑郁症的重要病因。     

腹腔镜下全子宫切除术加输卵管切除术对围绝经期妇女的影响

目的探讨围绝经期妇女行腹腔镜下全子宫和双侧输卵管切除术对卵巢功能、围绝经期症状的影响。方法将80例子宫良性病患者随机分为两组,观察组40例行腹腔镜下全子宫全切除术加双侧输卵管切除术,对照组40例仅行全子宫切除术。两组均随访12个月,观察两组术前及术后1、3、6、12个月血雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平及围绝经期症状发生情况。结果两组患者各时间点E2、FSH、LH水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但两组E2水平随着时间延长而降低(P<0.05);FSH、LH水平随着时间延长而升高(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1、3、6、12个月围绝经期症状发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论围绝经期子宫良性病患者行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术加双侧输卵管切除术或单纯施行全子宫切除术对患者的卵巢功能和围绝经期症状的影响相似。     

子宫肌瘤不同术式对卵巢功能影响的临床研究

目的 探讨手术治疗子宫肌瘤不同术式对卵巢功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析83例手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者.按术式分为子宫肌瘤剔除术组(D组)、子宫切除+保留附件组(E组)、全子宫切除术+双侧附件切除术组(F组),比较三组手术前后围绝经期综合征发生率的差异,以及术后 E2、FSH的变化.结果 三组术前围绝经期综合征症状发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后F组发生率(24.8%)显著高于D、E两组(8.7%,12.9%)( P＜0.05),E组发生率高于D组(P＜0.05).D组E2、FSH术前与术后比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),E、F两组术后2周E2下降,FSH升高,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后6个月E2、FSH与术前相比差异均无统计学意义 (P＞0.05).结论 卵巢和子宫对妇女的内分泌十分重要,子宫肌瘤患者行子宫和卵巢切除应慎重考虑.     

激素治疗雷公藤多甙所致闭经25例临床分析

目的 探讨免疫性肾脏疾病用药雷公藤多甙(tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside,TwP)所致闭经的临床特点及治疗.方法 温州医学院第一附属医院2001年2月～2005年12月门诊因免疫性肾脏疾病使用TWP后引起继发性闭经患者25例,测定闭经后以及激素治疗后的性激素水平,两者进行比较,并观察用药前后患者的月经恢复情况、临床症状改变.结果 ①25例患者都有雌二醇(E2)下降＜73.2pmol、卵泡刺激素(FSH)升高＞40U/L,其中有24例符合卵巢早衰的诊断;②激素治疗后20例有效,其中17例恢复至正常月经,3例经量较前减少;5例无效;总有效率达80%;③20例治疗有效患者E2由治疗前(63.19±10.81)pmol/L升高至(365.45±161.60)pmol/L.FSH由治疗前(110.72±21.52)U/L升高至(11.46±17.70)U/L;④25例患者在治疗2个周期后围绝经期症状有明显改善.结论 雷公藤多甙可能引起卵巢功能损害,但及时停药并应用激素治疗对可能可以恢复患者卵巢功能.     

腹腔镜下保留子宫动脉全子宫切除术对卵巢近期功能影响的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下保留子宫动脉全子宫切除术对卵巢功能的影响。方法符合入选标准的65例全子宫切除术,随机分成腹腔镜下保留子宫动脉全子宫切除术32例（研究组）,腹腔镜下常规全子宫除术33例（对照组）,观察两组手术各项指标、手术对卵巢功能、性生活及子宫动脉血流变化的近期影响。结果研究组与对照组比较,手术时间、术中出血量、术后病率明显增加,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,两组均无手术并发症。血清性激素E2、FSH、LH）术前两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,术后6个月,研究组E2明显高于对照组[（167.33±81.41）pmol/L vs（110.02±67.42）pmol/L,P=0.048],FSH、LH明显低于对照组[FSH：（8.01±3.86）I U/L vs（12.47±3.75）I U/L,P=0.0544;LH：（7.42±2.41）I U/L vs（9.55±2.37）I U/L,P=0.062]。与术前比较,研究组术后6个月虽有降低,FSH、LH虽有所升高（2例FSH〉10 I U/L）,差异均无显著性P〉0.05）;对照组术后6个月E2明显降低,FSH、明显升高,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,且8例FSH〉10 I U/L,1例FSH〉40 I U/L,E,〈50 pmol/L,呈绝经期激素改变。两组患者的性生活质量比较,差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。术后6个月经阴道彩超检查证实,研究组1例双侧子宫动脉未保留,1例单侧未保留;术后双侧子宫动脉平均收缩期血流速度峰值、舒张期血流速度峰值与术前比较,血流减慢,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,术后血流阻力指数与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜下保留子宫血管全子宫切除术微创,较大限度地保存了子宫切除患者近期的卵巢功能,但手术出血和感染的风险增加,其远期的临床效果仍需深入研究。     

68例女性甲状腺功能异常的性激素检测分析

目的:研究女性甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)及甲状腺功能亢进症(Graves病,GD)患者是否存在性激素水平失衡,观察甲状腺功能异常患者性激素的水平。方法:采用放射免疫法测定研究对象的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(TT)、雌二醇(E2)水平,采用硫酸铵沉淀法测定血清性激素结合球蛋白结合容量(SHBG)。结果:甲减组与对照组TT为(1.70±0.60)ng/ml vs(2.40±0.20)ng/ml,E2为(0.08±0.01)pg/ml vs(0.13±0.03)pg/ml。甲减患者组血清TT、E2值较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲减组与对照组的FSH分别为(18.12±1.30)mIU/L vs(10.8±1.40)mIU/L,LH为(32.89±21.64)mIU/L vs(10.20±1.10)mIU/L,甲减组FSH、LH较对照组明显升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲亢组与对照组FSH为(15.20±1.10)mIU/L vs(10.80±1.40)mIU/L,TT为(4.20±0.30)ng/ml vs(2.60±0.30)ng/ml,甲亢组FSH、TT较对照组升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲亢组与对照组LH为(18.30±1.70)mIU/L vs(10.20±1.10)mIU/L,E2为(0.29±0.02)pg/ml vs(0.13±0.03)pg/ml,甲亢组LH、E2较对照组明显升高;差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);SHBG的改变均有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:女性甲状腺功能异常容易发生性激素水平紊乱,对诊治有重要意义。     

尿NTx在早期预测绝经期骨质疏松症中的作用

目的研究尿Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽（NTx）在早期预测妇女绝经期骨质疏松中的作用。方法63名绝经前妇女分成双侧卵巢切除组和卵巢未切除两组，分别在术前及术后3个月检测血清雌激素（E2）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和尿NTx／Cr值，比较其变化情况。结果卵巢切除组术后3个月血清E2明显下降．血清FSH和尿NTx明显升高，血清AKP无变化。卵巢未切除组．各项研究指标均无明显变化。结论作为一项骨吸收指标，双侧卵巢切除后3个月就能观察到尿NTx的变化。由此可早期了解绝经妇女骨吸收情况．早期预防骨质疏松症的发生。     

围绝经期前后妇女性激素变化与血浆脂蛋白水平分析

目的探讨围绝经期前后妇女性激素变化与血浆脂蛋白水平的关系,了解性激素在心脑血管疾病中的作用。方法对绝经前、围绝经期、绝经后三组妇女共76例,分别测定FSH、LH、PRL、P、E2、T、TCH、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA1、apoB水平。结果绝经后妇女E2水平较绝经前期及围绝经期妇女明显下降(P<0.01),后两者无明显差异(P>0.05),绝经后与围绝经期妇女的FSH及LH均较绝经前期妇女明显升高(P<0.01),绝经后期较围绝经期组升高更明显,两者相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。绝经前期与围绝经期妇女的血脂水平无显著差异(P>0.05),绝经后期与绝经前期相比,TC、TG、LDL-C、apoB水平升高,HDL-C水平下降(P<0.05)。绝经后妇女E2与TC、LDL-C水平呈负相关,与HDL-C水平呈正相关。结论围绝经期前后妇女体内性激素水平下降与血脂异常改变有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.