运动对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢和胰岛素分泌及受体功能的影响

目的通过观察中小强度长期运动对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢和胰岛素分泌功能的影响,探讨运动改善糖尿病大鼠糖代谢紊乱及胰岛素分泌和功能的作用.方法40只SD大鼠分为四组糖尿病非运动组,糖尿病运动组,正常非运动组和正常运动组.运动组进行12周的中小强度的跑步训练.结果(1)糖尿病大鼠血糖浓度显著增高(P＜0.05),血清胰岛素及血清C肽浓度明显降低(P＜0.05);肝脏和骨骼肌细胞膜的胰岛素受体结合力显著降低(P＜0.05).(2)糖尿病运动组大鼠经12周跑步训练后,血糖浓度显著下降(P＜0.05),血胰岛素和C肽浓度均显著升高(P＜0.05);肝脏和骨骼肌细胞膜的胰岛素受体结合力明显增强(P＜0.05).(3)正常大鼠运动组和非运动组的血糖、血清胰岛素和血清C肽无显著差异,肝细胞和骨骼肌细胞膜的胰岛素受体结合力无显著变化.结论运动可通过增加胰岛素分泌,增强肝脏和骨骼肌细胞膜的胰岛素受体结合力,改善糖尿病大鼠的糖代谢紊乱,减轻胰岛素抵抗.     

严重烫伤大鼠胰岛素受体信号传导缺陷的研究

研究３０％体表面积全层皮肤烫伤大鼠伤后胰岛素受体信号传导改变机理。在不同浓度的胰岛素作用下伤后骨肌膜受最大结合容量降低，胰岛素对腺苷酸环化酶活性调节敏感性降低，但反应性正常，比目鱼肌葡萄糖摄取刺激的敏感性及反应性均明显降低，提示烫伤后骨骼肌胰岛抵抗与胰岛素刺激葡萄糖的跨膜转运的信号传递障碍有关。     

SIRT1与糖脂代谢及其与运动关系研究进展

越来越多的证据表明,SIRT1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1)通过其脱乙酰化酶活性参与糖脂代谢,对胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素信号通路起着正性调节作用,对改善胰岛素的敏感性和维持糖脂代谢稳态具有重要作用。运动训练能够诱导大鼠骨骼肌和心肌组织中SIRT1表达。运动改善慢性疾病机理是否与SIRT1有关尚不确定。本文在总结SIRT1与糖脂代谢关系的基础上,结合运动与SIRT1的研究现状,展望SIRT1在运动与慢性代谢疾病关系中的研究前景。     

耐力训练对饮食性肥胖大鼠胰岛素作用的影响

为观察耐力训练对饮食性肥胖鼠胰岛素作用的影响，选用４４只雄性离乳ＳＤ大鼠，３６只饲以高脂饲料。饲养１０周后，１８只确定为饮食诱发肥胖鼠（ＤＩＯ），其中８只进行耐力训练（跑台６５－７５％Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ），所有大鼠继续饲养８周后处死。测定各组大鼠的血中胰岛素，细胞膜胰岛素受体。处死前进行葡萄糖负荷实验。实验结果如下：肥胖鼠存在高胰岛素血症，胰岛素敏感性下降及胰岛素抵抗，葡萄糖负荷实验，血胰岛素分泌峰值和分泌曲线下面积均增加，细胞膜胰岛素受体结合下降。耐力训练可通过增加肝细胞、脂肪细胞和白肌细胞膜胰岛素受体结合力，减轻胰岛素抵抗，提高胰岛素敏感性，改善高胰岛素血症。提示，高胰岛素血症，胰岛素敏感性下降及胰岛素抵抗是高脂饲料诱发肥胖大鼠的特征之一，耐力训练是通过改善肥胖鼠的代谢失常而降低其体脂的有效方法。     

基于基质金属蛋白酶2、9调控细胞外基质稳态的离心训练干预2型糖尿病研究进展

骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的主要病理性特征,但其发生机制仍不十分清楚。近来研究证实,炎症反应引起的细胞外基质(ECM)胶原纤维沉积导致骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗症状发生,原因与基质金属蛋白酶2、9(MMP-2、9)表达失调有关。鉴于骨骼肌是胰岛素作用的主要靶点,能最大程度吸收和利用脂肪、葡萄糖转运供能,普遍认为运动是预防或治疗2型糖尿病的较好干预措施之一。然而,2型糖尿病患者通常伴有小血管和大血管疾病并发症,进行剧烈运动时很容易出现心血管负荷过载的风险。因此,在具备调控骨骼肌基质金属蛋白酶家族(MMPs)表达量,改善骨骼肌细胞外基质微环境的前提条件下,探讨既可以提高骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性又不诱发心血管负荷过载风险的运动方式具有非常重要的实践意义。本文探讨离心训练干预2型糖尿病的可行性及其运动风险预防优势。结果表明,离心训练能有效增加骨骼肌毛细血管密度、脂肪和葡萄糖代谢量,可能与离心训练通过调控MMP-2、9表达进而改善骨骼肌细胞外基质微环境有关,且由于离心训练时募集的运动单位较少,可以降低运动造成的心血管负荷过载的风险。离心训练干预对2型糖尿病尤其是2型糖尿病血管并发症患者具有独特的降低运动风险的优势。     

运动训练和补充肌酸增强大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力

目的 :探讨运动训练和营养补剂对骨骼肌糖代谢能力的影响。方法 :以成年雄性SD大鼠为研究对象 ,采用正交设计法安排实验 ,研究耐力游泳训练、间歇高强度训练、肌酸、谷氨酰胺四因素对大鼠安静状态下或耗竭运动后恢复期骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力的影响 ,实验为期 2周。结果 :糖原耗竭运动后 1小时 ,间歇高强度训练大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;耗竭运动后6～ 2 4小时 ,耐力训练大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运呈持续增强的趋势 ;补充肌酸或谷氨酰胺对耗竭运动后恢复期大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运未见明显影响 ,但耐力训练或补肌酸均能使安静状态下胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运显著增强 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :( 1)耐力训练和间歇高强度训练均能增强大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运能力。 ( 2 )补充肌酸或谷氨酰胺对大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运无影响。 ( 3)耐力训练和补肌酸可增强胰岛素敏感性 ,使胰岛素刺激的肌肉葡萄糖转运增加     

Tribbles同源蛋白3与巨噬细胞极化和胰岛素抵抗的关系及运动对其调控作用的研究进展

巨噬细胞极化和骨骼肌质量下降在胰岛素抵抗发生发展中的作用广受关注,而运动训练通过影响骨骼肌炎症水平和骨骼肌肌纤维重塑改善机体胰岛素抵抗。Tribbles同源蛋白3(TRIB3)与炎症、胰岛素抵抗及运动训练关系密切,且各种研究结果不一,存在争议。本文就TRIB3与巨噬细胞极化和胰岛素抵抗的关系及TRIB3在运动训练中的适应性变化研究现状进行综述,以期为糖尿病等慢性代谢综合征的预防和治疗提供新思路。     

骨骼肌胰岛素受体和葡萄糖载体的组织差异性

胰岛素和运动是调节骨骼肌代谢的两个主要因素。两者对骨骼肌的作用表现出明显的组织差异性。发生这种差异的分子机制仍不甚清楚,可能与骨骼肌的胰岛素受体的结构、功能和葡萄糖载体有关。本文以骨骼肌胰岛素受体和受体后水平来探讨产生这种差异的分子机制。     

运动训练对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢和下丘脑神经肽Y mRNA的影响

目的:探讨运动训练对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢及其下丘脑神经肽Y(NPY)mRNA表达的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组(由链脲佐菌素诱导)和糖尿病 运动训练组(糖尿病大鼠进行无负重游泳运动,第1天游泳10min,以后每天递增10min,直到每天60min,每周5天,共10周)。10周后检测各组大鼠安静时血糖、血清胰岛素含量及下丘脑NPY mRNA表达。结果:与对照组相比,糖尿病组大鼠血糖显著升高,血清胰岛素水平显著降低;与糖尿病组相比,糖尿病 运动训练组大鼠血糖显著下降,血清胰岛素水平显著上升。糖尿病组大鼠下丘脑NPY mRNA表达显著高于对照组,糖尿病 运动训练组大鼠下丘脑NPY mRNA表达显著低于糖尿病组。结论:适宜的运动训练可能通过下调下丘脑NPY mRNA表达来改善糖尿病大鼠糖代谢异常。     

长期游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠Musclin分泌和脂质代谢的影响

目的:研究2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量的变化,并初步探讨长期的游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量以及脂质代谢的影响及其关系。方法:雄性SD大鼠60只,随机抽取8只作为正常对照组(C组,n=8),喂以标准普通饲料。其余大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料,6周后,禁食10 h,按30 mg/kg体重的剂量腹腔注射1%链尿佐菌素(STZ)溶液,并继续喂以高糖高脂饲料。7天后,有39只大鼠形成2型糖尿病。抽取19只DM大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组(DM组,n=9)和糖尿病运动锻炼组(DME组,n=10)。C组和DM大鼠不进行游泳运动锻炼,DME组大鼠适应性游泳运动1周后再进行每周6次、每次60min、持续12周的无负重游泳运动。13周后,检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)和血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)含量以及血清、骨骼肌musclin的含量。结果与C组相比,DM组大鼠血清Ins含量明显降低,FBG、TG、TC显著增加,血清和骨骼肌musclin含量显著升高;与DM组相比,DME组大鼠血清Ins含量显著升高,FBG和血TC水平显著降低,血清和骨骼肌musclin含量均显著降低。结论①2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin含量显著增加,可能与2型糖尿病发生和发展过程中糖脂代谢紊乱有关。②长期游泳运动可以降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清和骨骼肌musclin的含量,有效改善糖尿病机体的糖脂代谢紊乱。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.