谱写全球公共卫生历史新篇章--介绍世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》

吸烟危害是当今严重的公共卫生问题之一，目前全球有11亿吸烟者，每年导致近500万人死亡。我围是世界上烟草生产和消费量最大的国家，分别占全球1／3以上。目前，全国约有3．5亿吸烟者，每年死于吸烟相关疾病的人数近100万，占全部死亡的12％，预计在2030年，这个比例将上升至33％。     

从被动吸烟受害者胜诉谈起

今年5月31日,第19个世界无烟日的主题是“烟草吞噬生命。”目前,我国烟民数量已高达3.5亿,占世界吸烟者总数的1/3。烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。统计显示,全球目前共有11亿吸烟者,每年有近500万人死于与烟草有关的疾病,其中包括我国约100万烟民。专家估计,未来30年内,由烟草带来的疾病和死亡会更加严重。     

远离二手烟,拒绝“被吸烟”

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前全球共有11亿吸烟者,每年造成的死亡估计为1000万人,也就是说每10秒就有1人死于烟草危害。据研究,香烟燃烧后的烟雾中含有四千多种有害物质,从医学观点来看可分为四大类:一氧化碳、     

对世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》的解析

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一，是人类健康所面临的最大的可以预防的危险因素。目前全球共有11亿吸烟，每年导致近500万例可以预防的死亡。     

创建无烟医院 营造健康呼吸

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。中国有吸烟者35亿，每年约有100万人死于吸烟相关的疾病。未来30年内，由烟草带来的疾病和死亡会更加严重，所致医疗费用的增加和劳动力的丧失仍不容低估。然而，大多数吸烟者并没有真正意识到吸烟的危害，也未真正了解吸烟危害健康的严重性。     

烟草的危害、流行特点及控制策略

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一，是人类健康所面临最大的可以预防的危险因素。目前全球共有11亿吸烟，每年导致近500万人死亡。中国是世界上最大的烟草生产国和消费国，烟草生产量占世界总量的1／3；目前有吸烟3．5亿，消耗着全世界1／3的烟草。烟草使用对我国居民的健康产生了严重的影响，中国目前每年约有100万人死于吸烟，在未来的30年内，由烟草带来的健康问题及相关死亡会更加严重，医疗费用的增加和劳动力的丧失不容低估。     

解开戒烟的9大疑问

★目前全球有11亿人吸烟,在发展中国家,特别是西太区吸烟人数一直呈上升趋势,烟草危害已成为世界性的公共卫生问题。 ★有证据表明,每年因吸烟死亡的人数估计约为500万。在今后25年的时间里,这一数字将增加到每年1000万,其中有700万例死亡发生在发展中国家。 ★烟草相关死亡目前已占全球死因构成的第一位,2025年其死亡总数将超过肺结核、疟疾、生产和围产期并发症及艾滋病的总和。 ★中国是世界上烟草生产和消费第一大国,目前约有3.5亿吸烟者,并且还在以每年300万人的速度增长。特别值得关注的是,近年来吸烟低龄化趋势日益突出。     

关于做好履行《烟草控制框架公约》有关准备工作的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市卫生厅局、爱卫会、新疆生产建设兵团卫生局、爱卫会、中国疾病预防控制中心 :烟草危害是当今世界严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前全球有 1 1亿吸烟者 ,每年导致近 5 0 0万例死亡。我国是世界上烟草生产和消费量最大的国家 ,分别占全球总量的 1 /3以上 ,也是世界上少数吸烟率继续上升的国家。目前 ,全国约有 3 5亿吸烟者 ,每年死于吸烟相关疾病的人数近 1 0 0万。2 0 0 0年 4月 ,国务院批准成立了由 1 2个部 (委、局 )组成的《烟草控制框架公约》 (以下简称《公约》)政府间谈判协调机构。经过 3年多的工作 ,…     

戒烟阻碍和促进因素的相关研究

吸烟是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一,是癌症、心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病等多种疾病可预防的危险因素之一。2011年WHO全球烟草流行报告指出,20世纪已有1.1亿人死于烟草流行,每年因烟草导致的死亡达600万人,预计在2030年将增长到800万以上每年。戒烟可降低或消除吸烟导致的健康危害。但目前对患有吸烟相关疾病的患者进行的健康教育似乎只是停留在口号阶段,没有真正引起吸烟者的高度重视,戒烟效果并不理想。戒烟是帮助吸烟者产生戒烟愿望到最终戒断烟瘾的连续过程。该文通过对吸烟影响因素进行大量的文献检索,分别从阻碍和促进戒烟的角度梳理了影响吸烟者戒烟行为的因素,对戒烟阻碍和促进因素的相关研究进行综述。     

烟草与骨质疏松

烟草危害是世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一,控烟已成为预防疾病的重要措施。我国目前是世界上最大的烟草消费国和受害国,吸烟人数超过3亿,另有7.4亿不吸烟人群遭受二手烟的危害。每年因吸烟相关疾病死亡的人数超过100万人,数字触目惊心。普通市民对吸烟危害的了解往往集中于肺脏及心脏。比如说肺癌、     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.