腭裂术后裂隙内骨桥长度与牙(牙合)横向发育

目的　研究腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成现象对牙横向生长发育的影响。方法　随机选取 13～ 2 8岁单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者 31例。行冠状位CT检查确定腭裂隙内骨桥形成长度后 ,在牙石膏模型上分别定点测量牙弓宽度、骨基宽度和牙弓协调度 ,计算各项测量指标的均值 ,分析骨桥形成长度与牙生长发育的关系 ,并行统计学检验。结果　在腭裂术后骨桥形成长度 8mm以上组 ,其骨基宽度 ,尤其是牙弓后份的骨基宽度发育明显优于骨桥形成量小于 8mm组。在双尖牙区 ,有效长度的骨桥形成组的牙弓宽度明显大于对照组 ,而在磨牙区 ,两组均值间差异无显著性。在双尖牙区 ,骨桥形成不良者出现较为明显的反倾向 ;在磨牙区 ,骨桥形成不良者并不因此而发生咬合关系紊乱。结论　腭裂术后腭裂隙内骨桥形成的现象明显影响牙生长发育 ,对骨基宽度、牙弓宽度和牙弓协调度的发育均有支持作用。骨桥形成影响牙生长发育的临界长度为 4mm ,有效长度为 8mm。     

腭裂术后腭裂隙内自发骨组织形成现象的初步观察

目的 观察腭裂修复术后腭裂隙骨性愈合状况,并讨论影响骨性愈合的因素。方法 对20例完全性腭裂术后患者行头颅冠状CT扫描,观察腭裂骨性裂隙的愈合情况并测量腭裂隙内骨桥形成的位置、形态及质量。结果 20例腭裂术后患者中有13例（65%）的腭裂隙内不同程度地有骨桥形成。在形成骨桥的患者中,男女比例接近;单侧与双侧腭裂者骨桥形成情况相似;在不同手术年龄的患者中,4～6岁接受腭裂修复术者骨桥形成最为明显;所形成的腭裂隙内骨桥相对集中于双尖牙区及磨牙区前份。结论 在一定条件下腭裂术后骨性腭裂隙内有新生骨桥形成。     

蒙古族正常牙合青少年牙、牙弓、基骨的测量研究

目的：对56名正常He青少年的牙、牙弓、基骨进行了计算机辅助牙He模型测量研究，以建立正常值。方法：56副正常恒牙模型，用游标卡尺及特制工具测量牙冠宽度、牙弓大小和指数，基骨宽度、长度、腭盖高度，并进行统计学处理并对其特征进行了分析。结果：蒙古族人的牙冠宽度除上第一前磨牙，下第二磨牙外均为男性大于女性；牙弓宽度与基骨宽度为男性大于女性，而牙弓长度与基骨长度男女无显著差别，Bolton、Pont指数男女无显著差别。与汉族人对比，蒙古族人的牙冠宽度大于汉族人，蒙古族人牙弓宽度、长度均大于汉族人，Bolton前牙比指数、Pont前磨牙指数、磨牙指数也大于汉族人。结论：蒙古族人牙冠宽度，牙弓宽度、长度均大于汉族。     

成人腭裂患者牙弓形态的比较研究

目的 探讨腭裂畸形本身及修复术对牙弓形态发育的影响.方法 应用牙颌模型CT扫描测量系统,对比分析正常(牙合)成人、单侧完全性唇腭裂(UCLP)均已修复组以及腭裂未修复组成人患者牙弓形态特征.结果 腭裂术后组上颌牙弓各段宽度、牙弓前段长度均显著小于未手术组(P ＜ 0.01);未手术组上颌牙弓前段宽度、上下颌牙弓长度均显著小于正常组(P ＜ 0.01),而上下颌牙弓后段宽度大于正常组(P ＜ 0.001).结论 腭部裂隙对上颌牙弓发育的影响仅仅局限于牙弓前部裂隙邻近的区域,腭裂手术是造成上颌牙弓宽度缩窄的主要原因,同时也抑制了上颌牙弓前段长度发育.     

自锁托槽对唇腭裂腭扩展短期效果的研究

目的：探讨自锁托槽对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌腭扩展的短期治疗效果。方法选取5例恒牙期单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者,未行牙槽突裂骨移植手术,上颌牙齿粘贴自锁托槽（AO, Time2）,放置高弹性镍钛弓丝,采集患者治疗前和腭扩展6~17个月后的牙颌模型、头颅定位后前位片进行测量,分析上颌腭扩展前后患者的牙弓、牙槽骨、腭穹窿以及颌骨的形态变化。结果牙颌模型测量结果提示：第一前磨牙区牙弓宽度明显增大,其次为尖牙区牙弓宽度,第一磨牙区牙弓宽度增加最少,第二磨牙区宽度减小。牙弓长度变化不明显。第一磨牙近中颊向扭转。腭部宽度增加,深度减小。头影测量结果提示：鼻腔宽度、上颌基骨宽度和上颌磨牙宽度稍有增加。结论唇腭裂自锁托槽腭扩展后上颌牙颌形态在横向宽度的变化较矢状向的变化明显。短期腭扩展治疗效果以牙齿移动和牙槽改建为主。     

50例唇腭裂患儿手术前、后血液生化指标及腭裂隙内骨再生评价

目的: 探讨唇腭裂患儿手术前、后血液生化指标的变化,以及手术对腭裂隙内骨再生的影响。方法: 选取2014年4月—2016年4月进行手术的唇腭裂患儿50例,比较手术前、后白细胞、血小板、血浆白蛋白和球蛋白比值(简称白球比)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)等,以及牙弓前段、中段、后段宽度,腭部面积、腭部裂隙宽度,牙槽突裂隙宽度,牙槽突裂隙矢状向距离、水平向距离,前颌突倾斜度、裂隙面积的差异。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 手术后患儿白细胞、血小板、血浆白蛋白和白球比、ALT和AST等指标显著低于手术前(P<0.05);手术后再生骨桥阳性率为80.0%,再生骨桥平均长度为(12.3±3.6)mm,平均宽度为(12.3±2.3)mm,牙弓前段平均宽度为(31.6±2.9)mm,牙弓中段平均宽度为(41.2±6.2)mm,牙弓后段平均宽度为(51.6±6.9)mm,均显著小于手术前(P<0.05);手术后腭部面积、腭部裂隙宽度、牙槽突裂隙宽度、牙槽突裂隙矢状向距离、水平向距离、前颌突倾斜度、裂隙面积与手术前存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论: 唇腭裂患儿手术后血液生化指标发生明显变化;腭裂隙内骨再生骨桥形成,有利于唇腭裂患儿牙弓及上颌骨发育。     

恒牙列早期单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者牙He特征的研究

作者对３３２名恒牙早期间测完全性唇腭裂术后患者和同龄正常Ｈｅ青少年的牙Ｈｅ模型进行测量分析，结果表明：①上颌牙弓、基骨的生长发育受到明显影响，其中腭盖高度发育受限最为明显。②上颌牙弓前段宽度发育受限程度明显大于牙弓后段，上颌结节区宽度缩窄不明显。 ③上颌与下颌牙弓、基骨关系不协调。     

18三体腭裂小鼠上颌牙弓发育的比较形态测量学研究

目的　通过对 1 8三体伴腭裂胚鼠和正常胚鼠的上颌牙弓宽度及磨牙弓长度比较形态测量学研究 ,量化地认识该模型腭裂小鼠的上牙弓发育的特点。方法　借助计算机图象处理系统 ,分别在大体 5 2对处于相同或相近发育阶段的胎鼠腭突标本上测定了硬腭牙弓的宽度 ,并对其中 30对胎鼠颅上颌复合体冠状序列连续切片 (厚度 7μm)中牙弓宽度进行测定。进一步估算上颌磨牙弓在矢状平面的长度。对腭裂及非腭裂组进行量化的比较。结果　 1 8三体伴腭裂小鼠上牙弓宽度以较正常增宽为趋势 ,而在磨牙前区略有缩窄 ,磨牙区牙弓宽度变宽 ,呈“葫芦”样。牙弓长度则呈现明显的发育不足。结论　 1 8三体伴腭裂小鼠的上磨牙弓明显增宽 ,而其长度则明显缩短 ,即其上颌骨发育呈明显后缩畸形。     

云南省汉族正常He牙、牙弓、基骨的测量分析

目的：建立云南省汉族正常He人群的牙、牙弓、基骨和Howes值的范围，探讨它们的内在联系，方法：本研究选取了91名汉族正常He青年作为研究对象，运用昆明医学院口腔医学院开发的计算机牙He模型测量分析管理系统进行测量和计算，进行统计学处理。结果：男女两组比较，牙弓宽度、基骨宽度和长度存在显著性差异。结论：（1）建立云南省汉族牙、牙弓、基骨和Howes路值的正常范围；（2）牙弓宽度、基骨宽度和长度存在性别差别；（3）牙弓宽度和长度存在负相关关系，基骨宽度和长度存在正相关关系。     

腭侧螺旋推簧配合口外弓推磨牙向后的临床研究

目的：探讨腭侧螺旋推簧配合口外弓矫正器推磨牙向后的临床应用。方法：选择安氏Ⅱ类错He病例30例，采用腭侧螺旋推簧配合口外弓矫正器推磨牙向后，通过头影测量和模型分析，记录上颌切牙、磨牙向后移动的距离，有牙覆盖，双尖牙区和磨牙区宽度的变化。结果：上切牙腭向移位3．2mm，磨牙向后移动4．2mm，覆盖减小2．9mm，双尖牙区增宽1．4mm，磨牙区增宽1．6mm。结论：腭侧螺旋推簧配合口外弓矫正器能有效的远中移动上颌磨牙。     

腭裂实验动物模型的建立及缝牵张成骨的实验研究

目的 探讨手术建立腭裂实验动物模型及应用NiTiSMA牵张器行缝牵张成骨治疗发育期实验动物腭裂的可行性。方法 12只杂种犬被随机分为实验组和对照组，每组6只。采用自行设计、制作的表面处理的NiTiSMA牵张器，对发育期的腭裂实验动物（杂种犬）模型进行腭上颌缝牵张成骨，修复腭部裂隙区的全层组织缺损。观察裂隙关闭的过程。通过石膏模型，观察缝牵张成骨对上颌牙弓宽度发育的影响。结果 实验组动物腭部裂隙于牵张器植入14d后在腭中线处闭合。缝牵张成骨过程未对实验组动物牙弓宽度的发育造成明显影响。结论 表面处理的NiTiSMA牵张器运用牵张成骨原理，能有效地修复杂种犬腭裂动物模型的腭裂骨质缺损。     

Dento-alveolar development in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Palatal surgery for cleft lip, alveolus and palate is considered to have the most powerful negative impact on maxillary growth. The aim of this study was to compare dento-alveolar development of the permanent dentition and morphology of the palate after surgery in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients following two types of palatoplasty: supraperiosteal flap vs mucoperiosteal flap technique.PATIENTS: Thirty-eight patients born between 1976 and 1983 with a complete unilateral cleft of lip, alveolus and palate were studied. Fifteen patients were treated with supraperiosteal flaps (SP group), and the other 23 patients with mucoperiosteal flaps (MP group). In this cross-sectional study, dental casts of stage IV A of Hellman's dental age in each patient were used. METHODS: The following distances were measured: (1). transverse distance C-C', (2). transverse distance M-M', (3). palatal length, (4). palatal height. RESULTS: No statistically differences were seen between the SP and MP groups regarding C-C' and M-M'. However, palatal length and palatal height were significantly greater in the SP than in the MP group. CONCLUSION: The technique that leaves no denuded palatal bone is considered to be advantageous for the development of the alveolar process.     

Constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of two factors in the constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate: (1) inhibition of lateral growth and (2) medial inclination of teeth. METHOD: Thirty-five male 20-day-old Wistar rats were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group had bilateral mucoperiosteum excised in the lateral one third of the palate. Methyl methacrylate resin-embedded frontal sections were prepared from both groups after alternate weekly injections of tetracycline and calcein in the dorsal subcutaneous area. The sections were observed and photographed under either a confocal laser scanning microscope, a fluorescence microscope, or both. Chronological changes in lateral palatal growth, maxillary dental arch width, and inclination of the upper first molars were examined up to 8 weeks after the operation. Paraffin-embedded frontal sections were also made and stained with Elastica van Gieson stain. RESULTS: The scar tissue formed on the rat palate by the mucoperiosteal denudation was tightly connected to the palatal bone and teeth. The intervals between the labeling lines of the experimental group were less definite during the first 2 weeks after the operation. Increments of palatal and maxillary dental arch widths were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group. The upper first molars in the control group gradually inclined laterally, whereas those in the experimental group inclined medially with age. CONCLUSION: Medial inclination of teeth is a stronger influence than inhibition of lateral growth on constriction of the rat maxillary dental arch.     

应用牵张成骨术后退腭部的实验研究

目的　应用自制的腭部牵张装置后退腭裂犬的腭部 ,探讨治疗腭咽闭合不全的新方法。方法　用 7只健康青春期杂种雄性犬为实验对象。手术形成腭裂模型 ,在实验侧行牵张成骨术。手术当天 ,术后 7、1 8、6 0d分别取印模 ,灌注石膏模型。制作术后 6 0d头颅骨标本。在模型和颅骨标本上测量各标志点间的距离。结果　实验过程中未观察到明显错牙合畸形 :实验结束时 ,动物实验侧硬腭后缘均有不同程度的后退 ,牵张间隙内为新生骨组织 ,上颌骨的两侧结构保持对称。结论　应用牵张成骨术可后退腭裂模型犬的硬腭后缘 ,且对咬合关系及上颌骨短期内的生长发育无明显影响     

牵张成骨修复犬腭裂愈合过程的观察

目的:探索截骨牵张联合缝牵张修复犬腭裂中两侧骨岛在中线区愈合的机理。方法: 健康杂种幼犬6只,建立人工Ⅱ°腭裂模型3～4周后沿腭外侧缝内侧1mm纵行切开腭骨水平板,腭横缝区不截骨,立即以250～280g力持续向内侧和后方牵张至硬腭裂隙关闭,裂隙关闭1周后进入保持期。分别于牵张结束即刻、1、2、4、8、12周处死,采用直接观察、X线片和组织学方法评价中线区愈合情况。结果: 牵张5～7d后人工裂隙逐渐关闭,两侧骨岛后移,硬腭平均延长4.78mm。两侧骨岛后份在5～8mm长腭中线上呈叠瓦状重叠,表面粘膜受压凹陷,逐渐融合,4周时出现新生骨桥连结;其前方15～18mm的裂缘粘膜变薄,于正中相互接触,但并未发生组织融合。结论:截骨牵张联合缝牵张可使两侧腭裂裂缘在中线区后分发生骨性融合。     

A comparison of palatal adaptation in acrylic resin denture bases using conventional and anchored polymerization techniques

PURPOSE: The study investigated the effects of palatal depth and a resin anchoring system on the adaptation of denture base resin to the master cast after compression molding and heat polymerization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight virtually identical polymethyl methacrylate dentures were fabricated on master casts with either a deep or shallow palatal vault. One half of the master casts of each palate type were altered by the addition of anchoring holes along the posterior land area, as well as perpendicularly in the midsaggital area. Anchoring holes were made with a #8 round bur to a depth of 5 mm. Twenty-four hours after polymerization, the bases on their casts were sectioned at the posterior border and evaluated for degree of adaptation using a traveling microscope. Maladaptation at the interface of the denture base and master cast was measured at predetermined mediolateral locations. A split-plot analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05) was performed followed by a post-hoc Dunn Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS: In general, depth of the palatal vault did not significantly influence denture palatal discrepancy (p =.0780), but the use of the anchoring system significantly reduced mean gap distances (p =.000). At lateral and midpalate locations, gap distances between the denture bases and their casts were reduced from approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 0.1 mm when the anchoring system was used. CONCLUSIONS: Mean gap distances for steep palate dentures were significantly less than shallow palate dentures at vestibule and lateral palate locations, and anchoring holes placed in an edentulous master cast along the posterior land area and at the midline significantly improved the adaptation of denture bases.     

Morphological changes in the dental arch and the palate during orthodontic treatment

The changes of the dental arch form after the tooth movement and the sequential changes occurred on the palate during orthodontic treatment were examined in the coordinate system based on the standard point at the palatal vault. The subjects selected for this study were 20 patients of Angle Class II div. 1. Both left and right maxillary premolars were extracted and an edgewise appliance had been treated. The plaster models prepared before and after treatment were used for materials. Only suitable materials were measured as a result of an examination of the reproducibility of the palatal core at the palatal vault. Results obtained were as follows: 1. It was suggested that the dental arch and the palate was mutually effected on each other in the arch length and the arch width. 2. The morphological changes in the dental arch and the palate due to orthodontic treatment was discussed on the basis of the results of Fourier analysis. The dental arch and the area from F division to J division were significantly smaller after orthodontic treatment than before it. The shape became closer to a semicircle. 3. Values representing morphological changes in the dental arch and J division were similar and values representing morphological changes in the other division were getting smaller as the area being close to the palatal vault.     

替牙期62例上颌尖牙阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态特征分析

目的:比较上颌尖牙阻生与无阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态的差异,为上颌尖牙阻生早期识别和干预提供参考.方法:选择8～11岁[平均(9.82±1.04)岁]儿童62例,分为实验组(上颌尖牙阻生)和对照组(无上颌尖牙阻生),每组31例.将2组患者石膏模型通过3D激光扫描后转化为数字模型,测量牙弓宽度、牙弓长度、基骨宽度、腭部宽度、...