尿毒症患者红细胞膜表面磷脂分布的不对称性与其贫血的关系

有证据表明红细胞膜双层结构上磷脂的不对称分布是维持红细胞正常寿命的重要因素[1] 。磷脂酰丝氨酸 (ＰＳ)在红细胞膜表面上的过度表达可促进巨噬细胞和脾脏对红细胞的识别、吞噬和清除能力增强。我们在本实验中的目的是探讨尿毒症患者是否存在红细胞表面磷脂分布的不对称性改变及其与贫血的关系。对象和方法1　对象　血液透析患者 :随机选择我院 1984年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月行血液透析治疗的患者 73例 ,其中女性 37例 ,男性 36例 ,平均年龄 (48± 12 )岁 ,透析时间 5个月～ 16年 ,平均每周透析 2～ 3次。腹膜透析患者 :随机选择我院 1996…     

ConA对红细胞膜力学性质的影响

本文研究了伴刀豆蛋白ＣｏｎＡ（Ｃｏｎｃａｎａｖａｌｉｎ　Ａ）以受体配体的作用方 式对红细胞膜力学性质的影响，结果显示出：（１）经ＣｏｎＡ处理后的血影红细胞膜 （ｒｅｓｅａｌ ｇｏａｓｔ）蛋白构象发生改变，蛋白运动性下降；（２）红细胞变形恢复半时间缩 短．表明ＣｏｎＡ作用后的红细胞膜切变弹性模量可能增大；（３）红细胞机械脆性随 ＣｏｎＡ浓度呈上升趋势，说明膜稳定性受到影响；（４）红细咆膜脂流动性下降．     

切变率的施加顺序和剪切史对全血粘度测定值影响的初步研究

用同样切变率和时间间隔,切变率由低至高和由高至低分别测定全血粘度时,前者在低切变率下具有较高全血粘度值,具有较陡的剪切稀化曲线和较高的卡松屈服应力值,后者反之;同一条件下连续两次测定,首次和第二次剪切相比,首次在低切变率下具有较高的全血粘度值,具有较陡的剪切稀化曲线和较高的卡松屈服应力值,第二次反之,本文注意到测定以前需要“具有同一流变学状态的起跑线”的问题。     

红细胞膜载脂蛋白A1,B及胆固醇的相关性探讨

红细胞膜载脂蛋白Ａ_１、Ｂ及胆固醇的相关性探讨钱江龙，袁成良，粟群英，郭元彪（成都军区总医院检验科，成都６１００８３）许多疾病如糖尿病、肝肾病等均发现红细胞变形能力、形态及其他流体力学改变。近年来，国外对这些疾病红细胞膜（ＲＢＣｍ）脂质成份作了大量研?..     

红细胞膜胆固醇含量对血液流变学的影响

为测定脑梗死急性期红细胞膜胆固醇含量，对20例脑梗死急性期患者进行了测定，同时还测定了20例健康者作为对照组。结果脑梗死组红细胞胆固醇含量为(15．20&;#177;1．31)μmol／L，对照组为(11．10&;#177;1．03)μmol／L，两组差异有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．01)。提示红细胞膜上胆固醇的含量可能直接影响其黏弹性，影响红细胞变形，导致循环中血流减慢。     

亚甲兰光化学法对红细胞膜损伤的研究

目的 分析亚甲蓝(MB)对红细胞膜的损伤作用,探讨亚甲蓝光化学法(MBP)在红细胞制品病毒灭活方面的可行性.方法 以MBP处理红细胞悬液,光照度为40 000 LUX,MB浓度为5.0 μmol/L,在光照0、20、40、60 min后的不同时间点测定红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶和AchE活性,并观察红细胞形态的变化...     

三七总皂苷对烫伤大鼠心肌细胞及红细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响

目的研究三七总皂苷(PNS)对烫伤早期心肌细胞膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATP酶和(Na+-K+)-ATP酶活性的影响.方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烫伤大鼠模型,用生化反应法分别测定心肌细胞膜与红细胞膜上(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATP酶和(Na+-K+)-ATP酶活性变化.结果大鼠烫伤后心率加快,心电图T波低平,心肌细胞与红细胞膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATP酶和(Na+-K+)-ATP酶活性均显著下降(P＜0.01),(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATP酶活性在心肌细胞与红细胞之间呈显著正相关(r=0.951,P＜0.01).100mg/kg的PNS可使心率及T波恢复、ATP酶活性明显增加(P＜0.01或0.05).结论PNS显著增加烫伤大鼠心肌细胞膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATP酶和(Na+-K+)-ATP酶活性是其改善心功能的重要机制之一.     

低剪切率1S^—1血液粘度测定对短暂性脑缺血的诊断价值

目的：研究短暂性脑缺血的血流变学特性,探讨低剪切率1S^-1血液粘度测定对该病的诊断价值。方法：对短暂性脑缺血患者49例和正常对照组45例进行血液流变学指标的分析,包括高,中,低切全血粘度（180S^-1,30S^-1,3S^-1,1S^-1)血浆粘度,红细胞压积和血浆纤维蛋白原。结果：短暂性脑缺血组低剪切率1S^-1全血粘度与对照组剪切率1S^-1的血液粘度测定对该病的诊断及防治有重要的临床价值。     

Effects of posture on plasma and serum viscosity

Summary This study demonstrates the importance of defining normal reference population ranges for P- and S-viscosity with respect to posture. The normal ranges determined for P-viscosity are not acceptable as a reference range for a hospitalized population that is predominantly in a supine position. Mean percentage changes of P-and S-viscosity in the recumbent posture as compared to the same population in the upright posture were 7.51 and 5.88, respectively.     

剪切波弹性模量鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价剪切波弹性模量鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的价值。方法 检索2016年4月前有关剪切波弹性成像鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块的中文及英文文献。通过Meta分析评价弹性模量参数（E_max、E_mea、E_ratio、E_sd）鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块的效能。结果 共纳入文献31篇。弹性模量E_max的合并敏感度（SSEN）为0.87[95%CI（0.83,0.91）],合并特异度（SSPE）为0.91[95%CI（0.87,0.93）];E_mea的SSEN为0.84[95%CI（0.77,0.89）],SSPE为0.88[95%CI（0.84,0.91）];E_ratio的SSEN为0.88[95%CI（0.83,0.91）],SSPE为0.87[95%CI（0.80,0.91）];E_sd的SSEN为0.85[95%CI（0.80,0.89）],SSPE为0.90[95%CI（0.85,0.94）]。E_max、E_mea、E_ratio、E_sd合并受试者工作特性曲线的曲线下面积分别为0.95、0.93、0.93、0.93。结论 剪切波弹性模量参数有助于鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块,其中E_max的诊断效能最优。     

不同氧流量对急性呼吸衰竭患者痰液黏弹性影响的研究

目的 探讨急性呼吸衰竭患者氧疗时不同氧流量对痰液黏弹性的影响。方法 将93例急性呼吸衰竭患者随机分为A、B、c3组各31例，分别以4，6，8L／min的氧流量给予鼻导管吸氧，比较吸氧前、后第1、2、3天3组患者痰液的黏性、弹性变化及吸氧前与吸氧3d后患者PaO2等临床指标的变化。结果 吸人不同氧流量组患者痰液的黏性、弹性比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），吸人氧流量越高，患者痰液的黏性、弹性越大；吸氧前后患者PaO：等临床指标比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），吸氧后患者缺氧状态明显改善；一定范围内吸人氧流量越高，氧疗效果越好，但B、C2组的吸氧效果比较，差异无统计学意义。结论 对于急性呼吸衰竭患者，6L／min的吸人氧流量是比较合理的选择，既可以达到有效的氧疗，也不至于使痰液过度黏稠。     

The estimation of elasticity and viscosity of soft tissues in vitro using the data of remote acoustic palpation

The presented study revealed the significant dependence of displacement magnitude and strain relaxation on phantom elasticity and viscosity. It has been shown that simultaneous analysis of temporal behavior and magnitude of shear strain induced by the radiation force of focused ultrasonic beam gives the necessary data for quantitative estimation of tissue shear modulus because of the known functional dependencies of displacement on local viscosity and elasticity. As a result, the simplest calibration procedure of acoustic radiation force-based methods is performed and algorithm for separate reconstruction of tissue elasticity and viscosity is proposed. These findings were tested, in particular, using the data obtained for specially prepared phantoms containing calf liver and muscle tissue in vitro. The observed complex character of shear strain relaxation and noise in some tissue phantoms and tissues in vitro reduces the preciseness of viscoelastic properties estimation.     

The effect of angular velocity and cycle on the dissipative properties of the knee during passive cyclic stretching: A matter of viscosity or solid friction

Background

The mechanisms behind changes in mechanical parameters following stretching are not understood clearly. This study assessed the effects of joint angular velocity on the immediate changes in passive musculo-articular properties induced by cyclic stretching allowing an appreciation of viscosity and friction, and their contribution to changes in torque that occur.

Methods

Ten healthy subjects performed five passive knee extension/flexion cycles on a Biodex dynamometer at five preset angular velocities (5–120 deg/s). The passive torque and knee angle were measured, and the potential elastic energy stored during the loading and the dissipation coefficient were calculated.

Findings

As the stretching velocity increased, so did stored elastic energy and the dissipation coefficient. The slope of the linear relationship between the dissipation coefficient and the angular velocity was unchanged across repetitions indicating that viscosity was unlikely to be affected. A difference in the y-intercept across repetitions 1 and 5 was indicative of a change in processes associated with solid friction. Electromyographical responses to stretching were low across all joint angular velocities.

Interpretation

Torque changes during cyclic motion may primarily involve solid friction which is more indicative of rearrangement/slipping of collagen fibers rather than the redistribution of fluid and its constituents within the muscle. The findings also suggest that it is better to stretch slowly initially to reduce the amount of energy absorption required by tissues, but thereafter higher stretching speeds can be undertaken.     

不同病因肝硬化患者肝实时剪切波弹性成像测值范围比较

目的：分析不同病因的肝硬化患者肝杨氏模量值是否有差异。方法收集经临床确诊的肝硬化失代偿期患者199例,其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者139例,丙型肝炎后肝硬化患者26例,酒精性肝硬化患者34例。选择同期50名健康志愿者作为健康对照组。所有受试者均进行肝实时剪切波弹性成像检查,测量并记录肝组织的杨氏模量值,分析比较各组受试者肝组织的杨氏模量值差异。结果健康对照组的肝组织杨氏模量值最低,为(4.81±0.9)kPa。乙肝后肝硬化组、丙肝后肝硬化组、酒精性肝硬化组的肝组织杨氏模量值依次增高,分别为(16.3±8.9)kPa、(17.8±4.8)kPa、(30.6±12.3)kPa,组间差异有统计学意义(F =27.95,P <0.01)。结论实时剪切波弹性成像技术测量的不同病因肝硬化患者的肝组织杨氏模量值有一定的差异。     

HBV感染者肝脏弹性模量值及血清肝纤维化指标与肝纤维化的相关研究

目的探讨应用实时剪切波弹性成像检测肝脏弹性模量及血清肝纤维化指标与肝脏纤维化相关性研究。方法选取平煤集团总医院诊断为慢性肝病患者68例,均进行血清肝纤维化指标检测,肝脏活检和实时剪切波弹性成像检测,分析肝脏弹性模量值与血清肝纤维化指标及肝脏病理的相关性。结果 G0/G1组中,透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)及层粘连蛋白(LN)与S5段的弹性值及S6段的弹性值均无相关关系;G2组中,HA与S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.05),S5段则无相关性(P>0.05);PCⅢ与S5、S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.05;r=0.48,P<0.05);ⅣC与S5、S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.71,P<0.01;r=0.55,P<0.05);G3/G4组中,LN与S5段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.78,P<0.05),与S6段则无相关性(P>0.05);ⅣC与S5段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.91,P<0.05),与S6段则无相关性(P>0.05);S0/S1组中,HA、PCⅢ、LN、ⅣC与S5段的弹性值及S6段的弹性值均无相关关系;S2组中,HA与S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.54,P<0.05),与S5段则无相关性(P>0.05);PCⅢ与S5、S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.72,P<0.05;r=0.65,P<0.05);ⅣC与S5、S6段的弹性值呈正相关(r=0.66,P<0.05;r=0.52,P<0.05);S3/S4组中,HA、PCⅢ、LN、ⅣC与S5段的弹性值及S6段的弹性值均无相关性。肝组织炎症分级与纤维化分期有显著相关性(r=0.512,P<0.05)。结论实时剪切波弹性成像测得肝脏硬度与血清肝纤维化指标及肝脏病理有较好的相关性,实时剪切波弹性成像可动态监测肝纤维化进展,评估肝纤维化程度。     

Assay of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids. Effects of storage time at low temperature

The study of the stability of saturated mono-, or polyunsaturated fatty acids, both esterified and not esterified, in plasma, circulating cells, and tissues is extremely important to validate the use of biological samples stored at low temperature in "biological banks", which are used for experimental, observational, dietary, or pharmacological studies. Since red blood cells are easily accessible cells, they are used as a marker of less-accessible tissues, especially in large-scale epidemiological studies. Data from the literature suggest that the addition of an antioxidant and the freezing of red blood cells do not cause any variation in the fatty acid composition for a period of 2-6 months up to 1 year. We evaluated the fatty acid concentration in red blood cells isolated from venous blood samples of one subject, preserved with butylated hydroxytoluene and N2 and stored at -80 degrees C for up to 2 years. Erythrocytes of venous samples of six subjects stored at -20 degrees C for 6 months without butylated hydroxytoluene and in the presence of air were used for comparison purposes. Our data demonstrate that a long storage time (2 years) does not significantly influence the erythrocyte fatty acid concentration when using very low temperatures (-80 degrees C) and antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene) in the presence of N2.     

剪切波弹性成像技术量化评估健康人斜方肌弹性模量的应用

目的 探讨剪切波弹性成像技术(SWE)量化评估颈椎屈曲不同角度斜方肌弹性模量的应用价值.方法 2018年10月至2019年1月于河南省洛阳正骨医院招募20名健康成年男性实习医师作为试验对象.在受试者颈椎屈曲0°和30°时,测试人员A和B分别使用SWE量化评估斜方肌上束剪切模量,5 d后测试者A进行重复评估.记录颈椎屈曲...     

实时剪切波超声弹性成像技术评估肌肉减少症患者骨骼肌弹性模量的研究

摘 要 目的 研究肌肉减少症患者股四头肌、腘绳肌和肱二头肌长轴剪切波速度（SWV）值特征,探讨实时剪切波超声弹性成像技术（SWE）评估肌肉减少症患者肌肉状态的应用价值。方法 选择22例肌肉减少症患者（病变组）和21例同期年龄、性别匹配的健康体检者（对照组）,应用剪切波超声弹性成像技术,获取病变组和对照组优势侧的股四头肌4块肌肉［股外侧肌（VL）,股直肌（RF）,股内侧肌（VM）和股中间肌（VI）］,腘绳肌3块肌肉［股二头肌（BF）,半腱肌（ST）和半膜肌（SM）］和肱二头肌（BB）松弛状态下长轴SWV值,并进行对比分析。结果 松弛状态下病变组与对照组的VL、RF、VM、VI、BF、ST、SM和BB肌肉的SWV数值差异有显著统计学意义(均P＜0.001)。松弛状态下病变组与对照组比较,VL、RF、VM、VI、BF、ST、SM和BB肌肉的SWV数值分别降低7.8%、7.0%、7.3%、7.3%、7.1%、7.3%、6.5%和6.7%。与对照组比较,病变组SM长轴的SWV值降低最小,VL长轴的SWV值降低最为显著。年龄和BMI指数均为老年人骨骼肌弹性模量的影响因素。结论 实时剪切波超声弹性成像技术可检测肌肉减少症患者较大骨骼肌弹性差异,为评估肌肉减少症患者肌肉状态提供了一种新的检测方法。