Analysis of nursing dissertations and theses on mental health, Brazil, 1979-2007

This bibliographic study analyzes scientific texts published in the CEPEn database in the mental health field (1979-2007). A total of 280 abstracts were investigated, of which 208 were Master's theses. The individuals investigated in these studies were professionals (57), patients (50), and professors and/or students (18). Among the themes addressed between 2000 and 2007 were the following: Nursing Care in Mental Health (40), Perception in Mental Health (37); and Transversality in Mental Health Care (27). This study provided an overview of the scientific research produced in the mental health field in Brazilian nursing graduate programs. We expect this study to elicit reflections concerning mental health care practice and enable new approaches for nursing promoting health and the prevention of diseases in order to enable patients to recover their citizenship, autonomy and quality of life.     

Glimpsing undergraduate research from the view of the advisors of Nursing scholarships

This research aimed at understanding the meaning of undergraduate research for supervisors of Nursing scholarship students in a university in the South of Brazil. The methodological reference used was the Grounded Theory, by the means of interviews with seven undergraduate research scholarship advisors forming two sample groups. The phenomenon "glimpsing undergraduate research activities of research groups coordinated by nursing advisors, the basis of competency formation in research of the scholarships" emerged form the interrelation of six categories. To be a advisor and researcher of human resources in research form undergraduation requires pedagogical, instrumental, and managerial competencies associated to research policies of nursing and health.     

Enhanced undergraduate public health nursing experience: a collaborative experience with the Kentucky Department for Public Health

The Kentucky Department for Public Health and the University of Kentucky College of Nursing entered into a collaborative partnership to provide an enhanced public health nursing experience for a select group of undergraduate students. The purpose of the project was to strengthen the public health nursing practices component of the baccalaureate nursing program in the College of Nursing at the University of Kentucky. The objectives of the project related to planning, implementing, and evaluating of this program in partnership with the Kentucky Cabinet for Health Services, State Health Department in Frankfort, Kentucky. The selected baccalaureate students were paired with a preceptor and a state, local, or district public health agency with an identified need in the student's area of interest. The students participated in a mentoring experience with a practicing public health nurse consultant. The experience afforded the students an opportunity to interact at both the practice and policy development levels. An ongoing partnership developed between the state health department, local health departments, and the college of nursing. This partnership led to ongoing practicum placements for students, beneficial for both the health departments and the college of nursing.     

Rural generalist nurses' perceptions of the effectiveness of their therapeutic interventions for patients with mental illness

OBJECTIVE: To explore generalist nurses' perceptions of their efficacy in caring for mentally ill clients in rural and remote settings, and their educational needs in the area of mental health care. DESIGN: A self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Mental Health Problems Perception Questionnaire; a Likert scale used to rate the perceptions of nursing staff of their own ability to adequately treat and care for patients experiencing mental illness. Setting: The Roma and Charleville Health Service Districts, Queensland, Australia. SUBJECTS: Nurses (Registered Nurses, Assistants in Nursing and Enrolled Nurses) in the Roma and Charleville health service districts (n = 163). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Generalist nurses' perceptions regarding their therapeutic commitment, role competency and role support. Results: Seventy per cent of respondents indicated that limited knowledge of mental health problems was an issue preventing nursing staff in rural and remote settings from providing optimum care to patients with mental illness. Twenty-nine per cent of respondents indicated that they had never received or undertaken training or education in relation to the care, treatment or assessment of patients with mental illness. CONCLUSION: Rural nurses do not feel competent, nor adequately supported, to deal with patients with mental health problems. In addition, the nurses' education and ongoing training do not adequately prepare them for this sphere.     

南京高校学生身心健康水平调查

目的了解南京高校本科一至四年级学生身体素质水平与心理健康发展状况,为进一步拓展高校学生身心健康教育,提升学生身心健康发展水平提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取南京8所高校共1046名大学生,通过《国家学生体质健康标准》中体质测试项目与评定标准,依据大学生健康的体育生活方式范畴结构设计调查问卷和《大学生心理症状自评量表》对大学生进行身心健康调查。结果参与调查的南京高校一至四年级学生体质测试优良率分别为61．36％、67．51％、71．64％和71．53％,不及格率分别为6．52％、5．97％、5．49％和5．42％。一至四年级学生健康的体育生活方式比例分别为27．24％、35．11％、41．89％和41．73％,一至四年级学生心理健康自评量表测试均分为14．45、13．42、13．38和14．94分。结论应加大高校体育课程改革力度,注重培养学生健康的体育生活方式,加强学生体育锻炼、生活方式与心理健康发展三者评价机制的研究,促进大学生身心健康水平的提高。     

初中生与教师对心理健康教育内容态度比较

目的调查初中生及教师对心理健康教育内容的态度,为确定初中生心理健康教育的重点提供依据。方法采用自行编制的初中心理健康教育主题调查问卷,调查了372名初中生和80名初中教师。结果教师和学生一致认为学习指导、人际交往指导是初中生最需要帮助的内容;在情绪控制和升学择业方面,二者观点不完全一致。结论学校设计心理健康教育内容时,应重点加强对学生学习方法和策略、人际交往技能、异性交往方法、乐观态度养成、升学择业等方面的教育和指导。     

Analysis of scientific production of mental health researcher and psychiatric nursing specialist meetings

This literature review was organized on the basis of the Annals of Mental Health Researcher and Psychiatric Nursing Specialists Meetings promoted by the University of S?o Paulo at Ribeir?o Preto College of Nursing. It aimed to describe the history of these events, investigating the scenario and trends through the reading of texts published in these documents. All annals available from 1990 to 2004 were analyzed and read, based on an analysis protocol. The results showed that the published texts reflect the historical momentum of each national mental health policy movement in Brazil, indicating contradictions and advances. The conclusion is that the events provided a privileged forum to discuss and exchange experiences about the future of psychiatric nursing and mental health care, teaching and research in Brazil.     

主题推进式高校心理健康教育的探索与实践

心理健康教育一直是学生全面发展的前提条件,但是随着生活水平的提高,学生已不用再为物质生活担忧,充足的物质保障给学生提供了丰富的课余生活,但是在物质生活极大丰富的时代里,学生的心理问题并未减少,反而大幅度上升。为了更好地解决学生的心理问题,哈尔滨医科大学大庆校区护理学院多年来积极探索主题推进式心理健康教育活动,取得了一定经验和成效。本文主要介绍了主题推进式教育的含义,描述了不同年级、生源、性别、专业及是否独生子女等学生的心理特征,对针对不同类别学生实施的主题推进式心理健康教育模式及具体措施进行了阐述。     

Group work: experiences of nursing students

This study aims at understanding the meaning attributed by undergraduate nursing students to the experience of group/team work. Based on the phenomenological framework. Individual interviews were conducted with nine students from the fourth year of the undergraduate program at the University of S?o Paulo at the Ribeir?o Preto College of Nursing. Later, these were analyzed according to Martins and Bicudo (1989). The following categories emerged: group work focused on subjects; group work experienced in the classroom; group work: relationship among students and among students and teachers; group work in the training field; are students prepared for group work? By taking into account that professional practice in healthcare has shown the need to be interdisciplinary and that academic education presents gaps, concerning the practice of group work, re-thinking about such education becomes relevant, since it will recover the understanding of complexity in human relations involving their political, institutional and interpersonal dimensions.     

毕业分配制度改革前后某医科大学学生心理健康状况

目的了解毕业分配制度改革前后医科大学生心理健康状况,以便为在新的形势下有针对性地开展高校学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用中山医科大学黄铎香编制的<心理健康测查表>,对不同时期的2 640名在校学生进行心理健康测查.结果毕业分配制度改革后医科大学生的心理问题明显多于改革前,改革前有心理障碍的在校生占11.9%,改革后上升到14.8%(P＜ 0.05);增加的心理疾病以强迫症为主(P＜0.01).结论医科大学生各类心理疾病得分改革后均高于改革前,其中恐怖分、强迫分和精神分裂分2组间差异有非常显著性.应及时针对医科在校生的心理问题,积极开展心理疏导工作.     

Psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health -- an analysis based on the educational programs

This article addresses psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health in Nursing undergraduate courses at public universities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It fundamentally uses as an instrument the programs followed in the different related subjects. Data are complemented with accounts given by course teachers and students. The courses in this field focus on what is normal and on what is pathological during life cycles and are centered on psychopathology as well as on psychiatric institutions.     

青海高职护生心理健康状况及其与社会支持因素的相关性分析

目的研究分析青海高职护生心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性。方法采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表(SSRS)对427名高职护生进行测试,并分别与常模组进行比较。结果被试中至少有一个SCL-90因子的得分大于或等于3分的学生占4.45%。SCL-90中9个因子的得分均低于女性常模组(P<0.001);一年级学生、少数民族学生的心理健康问题相对较为突出。心理健康与社会支持有相关性。结论应加强高职护生心理健康教育及完善社会支持系统,尤其是加强新生、少数民族学生的心理健康教育。     

大学生心理危机干预困境与应对策略

近年来大学生心理危机事件频发,社会对高校心理健康教育与咨询工作的期望和要求不断提高.《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》(以下简称"《精神卫生法》")颁布实施后,对大学生心理健康教育与心理危机干预工作提出更高要求,使当前大学生心理危机干预工作在心理问题"诊断、治疗"的界定、心理健康辅导的场所和环境、学校管理与学生权益平衡、高校咨询师的咨询资质等方面都面临困境和挑战.作者从大学生心理危机干预工作现状研究出发,阐述了《精神卫生法》对大学生心理危机干预工作的作用和影响,界定了心理咨询与心理治疗的界限,建立了行之有效的心理危机干预体系,明确高校心理健康教育工作的职责,实施医教结合、完善高校心理健康教育工作规章制度,从而提升心理危机的应对能力.对完善大学生心理健康教育体系具有指导意义.     

The transfer of care: U.S. mental health policy since World War II.

Recent criticism of mental health policy has raised many questions about the so-called "mental health revolution." Following World War II, the federal government and the growing mental health lobby planned the first nationally oriented system of psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention. The rapidly expanding National Institute of Mental Health coordinated that policy, particularly through its Community Mental Health Centers program. Custodial state hospitals were depopulated and their patients "dumped" in nursing and boarding homes, which now constitute the largest arena for and most expensive form of psychaitric care. While there has been some progress in decreasing the hospital population and in improving conditions, as well as in providing services to certain people who otherwise would never receive them, failures have been more dominant. Admission and readmission rates have climbed precipitously. Unplanned hospital discharge has led to hundreds of thousands of ex-patients living in dangerous, nontherapeutic nursing homes were the main concern is profit. They, and many others, are maintained on psychiatric drugs, another source of profit as well as a dangerous technology. Community mental health programs have maintained psychiatry's traditional class, race, and sex biases, and have incurred widespread intrusion into communities. This article shows that such problems are part of an interconnected system in which the driving forces are fiscal crisis, ideological justifications for dumping patients, attempts to pass responsibility from state governments to federal and local bodies, restrictions on government and insurance reimbursements, the free enterprise economics of the nursing home and drug industries, and the professionalist practices of the mental health field.     

护理学生学业复原力与自我控制的相关性研究

目的 了解护理专业学生学业复原力及自我控制的现状,探讨两者之间的相关性,为解决护理专业学生心理和行为问题提供了理论依据,以提高护理学生的学业复原力与自制力水平。 方法 采用学业复原力量表和自我控制量表通过网络调查和现场派发形式对广州市4所高校的286名护理专业本科学生进行调查。 结果 护理专业学生学业复原力得分为(47.65±8.45)分,自我控制总分为(58.33±9.68)分,两者呈正相关,工作或学习表现及抵制诱惑是学业复原力的影响因素(F=40.735,R2=0.224)。 结论 护理专业学生的学业复原力和自我控制水平均处于中等水平,应针对具体因素提高学业复原力和自我控制水平,改善护生的心理健康状态。     

护理专科生实习前心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的探索实习前护理专科生的心理健康状况与应对方式、社会支持的相关性及其影响因素,为护生心理咨询和实习前的岗前培训提供参考。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和自行设计的调查问卷对200名实习前护生进行调查。结果护生主要心理问题为强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁和焦虑等。护生心理健康状况与社会支持、应对方式呈显著相关;经单因素Logistic回归分析,对专业不满意等10个变量与心理问题有关,经多因素Logistic回归分析,有4个变量进入回归模型。结论应加强实习前心理健康教育,重点加强应对技能训练和岗前培训。     

Wisdom from the drought: recommendations from a consultative conference

OBJECTIVE: Drought is a serious and recurring problem for rural and remote Australia. This paper reports the proceedings of a consultative conference concerning the mental health effects of drought held at the Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, Orange, in December 2003. The conference objective was to record the collective experience of government and non-government agencies dealing with the effects of drought in rural areas and to collate information for the development of a mental health strategy for future drought. DESIGN: Participants were recruited in consultation with rural mental health organisations. Questions about mental health service strategies to minimise and respond to the mental health impact of the drought were posed to participants. Qualitative data were collected using a Nominal Group Technique. SETTING: The Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, Bloomfield Hospital, Orange, New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three professionals participated, including representatives from New South Wales Health, Mental Health, and Agriculture; the Department of Community Services, and Rural Financial Counsellors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Qualitative analysis of participant responses. RESULTS: Three general strategies emerged as the most beneficial in minimising adverse mental health outcomes in times of drought: community-building and education about the physical, financial and mental health effects of drought; co-operation between and co-ordination of agencies in delivering mental health and other drought support; and continuity and planning of improved mental health services. CONCLUSIONS: Drought has a serious effect on the mental health of communities. It is important to plan a response beyond the end of the drought, bringing together different government and non-government agencies to build community capacity to address common mental health needs.