肺癌患者肺功能检测

目的探讨肺癌患者的肺功能改变。方法通过对126例肺癌患者的肺功能进行检测,并与84例健康人进行对照。结果肺癌患者的肺通气及弥散功能指标明显低于正常,与对照组相比有显著性差异。结论肺癌患者存在肺功能的减退,肺癌患者手术前或化疗前应常规检测肺功能,以便确定最佳治疗方案。     

The effects of reversing distending pressure sequences in the neonatal piglet

We studied different sequences of lung inflation in ventilated newborn piglets with normal lungs in order to determine the effects of sequence, magnitude and duration of distending pressure on pulmonary function, and/or hemodynamics. End-expiratory pressure was varied using a continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) device. Three groups of ventilated piglets with normal lungs were exposed to 2 cmH₂O increments of CNEP from ?2 to ?12 cmH₂O and to decrements from ?12 to ?2 cmH₂O or to only -6 cmH₂O. Lung inflation sequence, magnitude of inflation pressure, and duration of inflation had significant effects on end-expiratory lung volume and lung compliance at numerically equivalent pressure levels. End-expiratory lung volume and lung compliance varied (at four and five of six inflation pressures studied) by as much as 68% and 104%, respectively. Hemodynamic effects of the lung inflation sequence were more variable; those found to be different at numerically equivalent pressure levels were associated with changes in lung compliance and ventilation. Differences in pulmonary mechanics can best be explained by the effects of lung inflation on alveolar recruitment versus overinflation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:97–105 . © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

21例间质性肺疾病合并肺癌临床分析

目的探讨间质性肺疾病合并肺癌的临床特点和治疗方法,提高对疾病的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析21例间质性肺病合并肺癌患者的一般资料、临床表现、实验室和特殊检查以及治疗方法。结果21例患者中男性17例,女性4例,年龄51~88岁,中位年龄65岁,15例有吸烟史。临床表现主要为咳嗽、咳痰、活动后气急。胸部CT主要表现为两肺纤维条索及网格影、蜂窝肺样改变合并结节、团块影。病理类型为腺癌47.6%,鳞癌23.8%,小细胞癌28.6%。3例以ILD起病的患者在发现肺癌前,100%NSE升高,66.7%CYFRA21-1升高,33.3%CEA升高。在同时发现ILD和肺癌的18例患者中,50%NSE升高,55.6%CYFRA21-1升高,66.1%CEA升高,16.7%SCC升高。15例接受含铂双药联合化疗,3例接受手术治疗,3例接受最佳支持治疗。5例在治疗过程中出现肺部感染。结论间质性肺疾病合并肺癌临床处置困难,对于以ILD起病的患者,在随访过程中应密切随访血清肿瘤标记物及胸部CT,使ILD-LC得以早期诊断和治疗。治疗过程中易并发肺部感染及间质性肺疾病急性加重。治疗时应对治疗的风险和获益进行充分的评估,并且给予严密的监测。     

Clinical aspects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: benefit and risk

Gefitinib and erlotinib are small molecules that selectively inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. Developmental studies of either drug have failed to show synergistic effects when combined with cytotoxic drugs as the first line treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, but erlotinib has shown survival prolongation when compared with best supportive care in patients with recurrence. Female gender, adenocarcinoma histology and lack of smoking history are considered to be clinical factors predicting response. Being positive for EGFR mutations in exons 18-24 in cancer cells has a strong correlation with response. On the other hand, preceding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, male gender and history of smoking appear to be risk factors for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced interstitial lung disease in the Japanese population. Reports on these factors predicting response or risk for interstitial lung disease have attracted great interest in the relation between cancer genetics and drugs, as well as the relation between ethnicity and genetics. In clinical practice, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor should be prescribed with careful consideration and it is essential to assess benefit and risk of the drug.     

An unusual case of metastatic trophoblastic neoplasm presenting with diffuse cystic lung disease and pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms in a teenager

Diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) are a diverse group of lung disorders characterized by the presence of multiple air filled cysts within the lung tissue. These cysts are thin walled and surrounded by normal lung tissue. In adults, DCLD can be associated with various conditions such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, cancers, and more. In children, DCLD is often linked to lung developmental abnormalities, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia being a common cause. Patients with pulmonary cysts are typically asymptomatic, but some may experience mild symptoms or pneumothorax. While DCLD in children is rarely due to malignancy, metastatic lung disease can be a cause. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of metastatic lung disease when encountering DCLD.     

肺复张策略对肺内、外源性损伤大鼠模型的肺保护作用

目的探讨肺复张策略对肺内、外源性损伤大鼠模型的肺保护作用。方法清洁级SD大鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机均分为6组;空白对照组(K组)、肺复张对照组(F组)、肺内源性损伤组(AN组)、肺复张内源性损伤组(RN组)、肺外源性损伤组(AW组)、肺复张外源性损伤组(RW组)。采用逐步提高压力的控制性膨肺的肺复张策略。机械通气4 h后,使用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA法)检测大鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中Fas、TNF-α、SP-A的浓度及肺损伤Smith评分。结果 BALF中的Fas、TNF-α、SP-A浓度:与AN组比较,RN组Fas和TNF-α水平较低,SP-A水平较高(P0.05);与AW组比较,RW组的Fas和TNF-α水平较低,SP-A水平较高(P0.05);与RN组比较,RW组的Fas和TNF-α水平低,SP-A水平较高(P0.05)。肺损伤评分,RN组和RW组肺损伤评分低于AN组和AW组,且RW组低于RN组(P0.05)。结论肺复张策略可以减轻肺组织病理损伤,增加肺内SP-A水平并降低Fas和TNF-α水平;对肺内、外源性损伤大鼠模型具有肺保护作用。肺复张策略对肺外源性急性肺损伤的疗效优于肺内源性急性肺损伤。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在肺部占位病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部占位病变的诊断价值。方法CT扫描确定最佳的穿刺点、局麻后CT引导下组织切割针经皮刺入到病灶,切割组织行病理检查。结果56例肺占位病变行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,53例得到确诊,阳性率为94.6%。并发症包括少量气胸11例,肺出血9例,少量咯血5例,均不需特殊处理。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺占位病变的诊断阳性率高、并发症轻,值得临床推广。     

Segmental cystic malformation of the lung with chondrolipomatous component

A peculiar cystic and chondrolipomatous malformation affecting the right upper lobe of the lung as presented in a 10-year-old girl with a history of recurrent pneumonia and pneumothorax is reported. The lesion combined bronchial-type cavities with intervening stroma containing adipose tissue, with cartilage nodules of different sizes. The findings do not fit with any already-known malformations of the lung.     

Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 36 years

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the demographic features, clinico-pathological results and prognoses of patients aged less than 36 years diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This is an observational study of patients with primary NSCLC who had a surgical procedure at a tertiary thoracic surgery centre in Turkey. Data collected were age, gender, history of smoking, symptoms, postoperative histopathological diagnosis, stage, surgical procedure and survival. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients in the study, 27 were male (87%) and the median age was 32 years (10-35 years). Nineteen patients were smokers (61.2%). The most common presenting symptom was cough (n = 23, 67.7%). Histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 17), adenocarcinoma (n = 12), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (n = 1) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1). Staging of the 17 patients with SCC (58.8%) was stage I and II (n = 10, 58%), and stage III (n = 7, 41%). Staging of the 13 patients with adenocarcinoma was stage IV (n = 2, 16%) and stage III patients (n = 8, 66%). Follow-up data were available on 22 patients (71%) and showed a median survival of 17.2 months. Two and 5-year survival rates were 54.5% and 45.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SCC comprised a relatively high proportion of NSCLC in these younger patients. Aggressive multimodality treatment may achieve satisfactory 2- and 5-year survival rates in young patients with NSCLC who usually present with advanced disease.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能检测的临床意义

目的探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能改变。方法通过对59例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的肺功能进行检测,并与63例健康成人进行对照。结果晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的肺通气及弥散功能指标明显低于正常,与对照组相比有显著性差异。结论晚期非小细胞肺癌患者存在肺通气和弥散功能的减退,肺癌患者应常规检测肺功能。     

Antenatal corticosteriods decrease forced vital capacity in infants born fullterm

Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) administration to pregnant women for threatened preterm labor is standard obstetric care to reduce neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and the associated respiratory morbidity. While ACS stimulates surfactant production in the fetal lung, the effects of ACS upon the subsequent growth and development of the lung are unclear. Follow‐up studies outside of the neonatal period have been primarily limited to spirometry, and most subjects evaluated were born prematurely. To our knowledge, no study has assessed both airway and parenchymal function in infants or adults following ACS exposure. We hypothesized that ACS impairs lung growth and performed infant pulmonary function testing, which included spirometry, alveolar volume (V_A) and lung diffusion (D_L). As a pilot study, we limited our assessment to infants whose mothers received ACS for threatened preterm labor, but then proceeded to full term delivery. This approach evaluated a more homogenous population and eliminated the confounding effects of preterm birth. We evaluated 36 full‐term infants between 4 to 12 months of age; 17 infants had ACS exposure and 19 infants had no ACS exposure. Infants exposed to ACS had a significantly lower forced vital capacity compared with non‐ACS exposed infants (250 vs 313 mL; P = .0075). FEV_0.5 tended to be lower for the ACS exposed group (205 vs 237 mL; P = .075). V_A and D_L did not differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that ACS may impair subsequent growth of the lung parenchyma.     

Impact of COVID-19 on long-term lung function in lung transplant recipients: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Available data are limited concerning long-term lung function (LF) evolution after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in lung transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of first SARS-CoV-2 infection on long-term LF in LT recipients. We analyzed spirometry results of LT recipients followed at our institution (March 2020 to July 2022) at 3, 6, and 12 months after first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, 42 LT patients of our cohort (70%) with COVID-19 were included for long-term LF analysis. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) declined significantly at 3 months (−4.5%, −97 mL, 95% CI [−163; −31], p < .01), but not at 6 and 12 months (−3.9%, −65 mL, 95% CI [−168; +39], p = .21). Results were quite similar for the forced vital capacity. Spirometry values declined significantly at 3 months after COVID-19 in LT recipients, presented a mixed decline at 6 months, and no significant decline at 12 months.

     

Lung function following very preterm birth in the era of ‘new’ bronchopulmonary dysplasia

One of the most significant complications of preterm birth is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The pathophysiology of BPD has changed in recent years as advances in neonatal care have led to increased survival of smaller, more preterm, infants who display alterations to alveolar and pulmonary microvascular development. It is becoming clear that infants with ‘new’ BPD experience lung disease that persists into later childhood, however, the oldest of these children are just now entering young adulthood and therefore the longer term pulmonary implications remain unknown. The role of lung function testing in the identification and subsequent management of patients with lung disease resulting from a neonatal classification of BPD is reviewed based on the underlying pathophysiology of the disease.     

CT定位后经支气管镜肺活检对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT肺段定位后经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)对周围型肺癌的诊断价值.方法 对35例疑似周围型肺癌患者参照CT肺段定位行TBLB.结果 确诊周围型肺癌18例(51.4％),腺癌8例,腺鳞癌2例,鳞癌6例,未定型2例;肺良性病变11例,其中非特异性炎7例(20％)、坏死性炎3例(8.5％),结核1例(2.8％),阴性6例(17.1％),总确诊率82.9％.结论 CT肺段定位后TBLB能显著提高周围型肺癌的诊断阳性率,安全且并发症少.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂对晚期肺鳞癌及肺腺癌治疗的临床疗效比较

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂的化疗方案对晚期肺鳞癌及肺腺癌的临床疗效及生存差异。方法肺鳞癌组47例及肺腺癌37例患者给予吉西他滨（1000mg／m2）联合顺铂（75mg／m。）化疗,每21天为一周期,共化疗4个周期。结果肺鳞癌组PR为14例（29．8％）,SD为21例（44．7％）,PD为12例（25．5％）,RR为29．8％,中位生存期为13个月,1年生存率为53．2％;肺腺癌组PR为10例（27．0％）,SD为18例（48．6％）,PD为9例（24．3％）,RR为27．0％,中位生存期为9个月,1年生存率为27．0％;结论吉西他滨联合顺铂对晚期肺癌及鳞癌的临床疗效相当,但肺鳞癌较肺腺癌具有较好的1年生存率及生存时间。