Effect of high dietary glutamic acid on the excretion of 35S-thiamin in kittens

Six kittens individually housed in stainless steel metabolism cages were fed a control diet containing 3% glutamic acid (Glu) for 2 weeks and then subsequently for 12 weeks were fed a 12% Glu diet. All diets contained 4.4 mg thiamin/kg diet. The 12% Glu diet significantly depressed weight gain during the first 6 weeks and food intake during the 3rd and 4th weeks of dietary regimen as compared to the control period. Plasma levels of Glu increased with the duration of the 12% dietary regimen. On days 0, 14, 28 and 42, the kittens were given a 4 g meal containing 10 microCi of 35S-thiamin. Although the mean excretion of isotope in the feces, calculated as a percentage of the ingested dose, was about 25% greater in the first 2 weeks of the 12% Glu dietary regimen than the control period, the difference was not significant. Urinary excretory rate of 35S-thiamin was depressed during the first 4 weeks of the 12% dietary regimen. When exponential relationships were fitted to the excretion data, the coefficients for the first and second 2-week intervals of the 12% Glu dietary regimen were -0.177 and -0.167, respectively, compared to -0.199 and -0.212 obtained for the control period and the third 2-week interval of the high Glu dietary regimen, respectively.     

Jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride in man: influence of alcoholism and alcohol

The jejunal uptake of 35S-thiamin hydrochloride was examined using an intestinal perfusion technique in six young students (group 1), 12 recently drinking alcoholic men (group 3) and in 6 non-drinking men age-matched with the alcoholic men (group 2). The acute effect of alcohol on thiamin uptake was also examined in the alcoholic subjects. At a perfusate thiamin concentration of 0.5 mumol/l, median thiamin uptake was 34.4, 10.4, and 6.8 ng/cm/min in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively, while for 8.0 mumol thiamin/l, median uptake was 277.2, 102.3, and 98.0 ng/cm/min for these groups respectively. Alcohol, 50 g/l, added to the perfusate gave a 28.9% decrease in uptake of 0.5 microM thiamin, which was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that neither alcoholism nor acute exposure to alcohol limits jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride. Differences noted between young and old controls need further study.     

Rat strain differences in cyclic-AMP levels in liver and epididymal fat pad tissue as influenced by glucagon.

A glucagon-saline solution (0.1 ml, 10(7) mole/100 g body weight) was injected via the portal vein into nonfasted Wistar and carbohydrate-sensitive BHE rats. Levels of liver and epididymal fat pad cyclic-AMP were observed after 6 and 24 minutes. When compared to sham injected rats at 6 minutes, glucagon injected rats of both strains had twice the level of cyclie-AMP in liver and fat pad tissue. By 24 minutes, the cyclic-AMP levels of the Wistar rats had decreased to those observed in their sham injected counterparts, and the concentration of liver cyclic-AMP in both sham injected and glucagon injected BHE rats had decreased to levels significantly below those observed in the Wistar rats. This observation suggests that a lipolytic-lipogenic imbalance may reside in the livers of rats of the BHE strain.     

三磷酸腺苷静脉注射治疗阵发性室上性心动过速37例临床观察

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷（ATP）终止阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的有效剂量、有效性和安全性。方法选择在本院门诊及住院治疗的阵发性室上性心动过速患者37例,以三磷酸腺苷初始剂量0.2 mg/kg不稀释弹丸式快速静脉推注,如无效,5分钟后再以0.3 mg/kg同样方法应用。结果应用ATP初始剂量0.2 mg/kg后,36例阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）复律成功;另一例于0.3 mg/kg再用后复律,总成功率100%,室上速平均终止时间（36.2±15.7）秒。不良反应有胸闷（59.4%）,头昏（40.5%）,窦性停搏（13.5%）,室性异搏（10.8%）,Ⅱ°及以上房室传导阻滞（8.1%）,呼吸困难（5.4%）,无晕厥及死亡病例,且反应轻微均为一过性。结论三磷酸腺苷静脉注射终止阵发性室上性心动过速疗效好且可重复应用,价廉易得,且安全性高。     

The effect of acute ethanol exposure on clonidine-induced growth hormone release in male rats

The influence of acute ethanol (ETOH) on the regulation of GH release has not been clearly elucidated. In this study the effect of ETOH on clonidine (CLON)-induced GH secretion was examined. To test the effect of ETOH on CLON-induced GH release doses of 1, 2, and 3 g/kg ETOH in a 25% ETOH/saline solution or 10 ml/kg saline were injected IP 24 and 1 h before CLON (30 micrograms/kg BW IV). Blood samples were withdrawn through a chronic jugular cannula. ETOH was found to alter the GH surge, which occurred 15 min after CLON administration in controls, in a dose-dependent manner. The 1 g/kg dose reduced the GH surge slightly but not significantly. The 2 g/kg dose suppressed the GH surge which was significantly lower than in controls. The 3 g/kg dose eliminated the GH surge completely. To determine if pituitary GH release is directly influenced by ETOH, animals were injected with GRH (250 ng/kg IV) one hour after the second dose of ETOH (3 g/kg IP). There was no difference in the GH surge in control or ETOH-injected animals. Anti-SRIF administered 30 minutes before ETOH or saline did not alter the response to GRH. These results suggest that ETOH reduces the GH responsiveness to alpha 2-GRH stimulation.     

洁泽2号体外杀精及大鼠阴道避孕实验

目的:观察中药复方药液洁泽1号(Jieze NO.1,JZ1)对外用杀精剂壬苯醇醚(N-9)的杀精增效作用及洁泽2号(Jieze NO.2,JZ2,JZ1与N-9混合制剂)凝胶大鼠阴道内用药的避孕(抗生育)效果。方法:采用改良的Sander-cramer方法观察JZ2中N-9的最低杀精浓度对正常人精子前向运动率、活动率和存活率的影响;大鼠阴道内给予JZ2药物凝胶后雌雄合笼,分别于交配后1 min、3 min、5 min、10 min观察阴道内精子活动情况,并观察各组避孕率。结果:N-9 20 s、3 min最低杀精浓度均为0.25 mg/ml,与洁泽1号混合(即JZ2)后,N-9最低杀精浓度分别为0.125 mg/ml、0.062 5 mg/ml。交配后1 min,各单纯N-9及JZ2凝胶组大鼠阴道内均未见活动精子。N-9(12%及以上浓度)、JZ2(含10%及以上浓度N-9)各组均有较高的避孕率,与自然对照组及空白凝胶组之间的差异均有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。JZ2(含14%、12%N-9)药物凝胶组抗生育率均可达100%,与14%N-9作用相当。JZ2(含10%N-9及8%N-9)抗生育率分别为90%、40%,与自然对照组之间有统计学差异。JZ2(含12%N-9和10%N-9)凝胶组对大鼠的避孕作用强于相同浓度的N-9组,且比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:由剂量-反应关系曲线可以看出JZ1对N-9的杀精作用具有协同作用,两药混合后(即JZ2)可以减少N-9的剂量;JZ2凝胶大鼠阴道内用药具有较好的抗生育作用,在相同避孕效果下可减少N-9的用量。     

Oral ethanol reinforcement in the rat: effects of acute amphetamine

Six male Long Evans rats, reduced to 80% body weight by food restriction, were trained to lever press using 5% ethanol and water reinforcement on a concurrent FR8 FR8 schedule. After responding had stabilized, d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg, 0.50 mg/kg, and 1.00 mg/kg) or drug vehicle was injected 15 minutes before the 30-minute sessions. In comparison with the vehicle injections, the 0.25 mg/kg amphetamine dose was followed by a nonsignificant trend towards increased ethanol responding, the 0.50 mg/kg dose produced no trend, and the 1.00 mg/kg dose significantly decreased ethanol responding. These effects resemble those of amphetamine on food responding by food-deprived rats. Since both ethanol and amphetamine act upon brain catecholamine systems, possible involvement of catecholamines in reinforcement and arousal was discussed in relation to these results.     

Cinematographic study with extra-amniotic injection of 15-Me-PGF2α

A radiological study of the spread of a single injection of 15-Me-PGF₂α in the dose of 920 μg, mixed with roentgen medium was done. The injection was administered by the extra-amniotic route, through No. 8 Foley cathether. The fate of the injected solution was followed on the television screen and photographed intermittently. It was observed that the solution was equally distributed all around the extra-ovular space at 20 minutes post-injection.     

Transplacental Passage of Demeton in CF-1 Mice

The transplacental passage of demeton labeled with radioactive phosphorus (³²P) in pregnant CF-1 mice was followed autoradiographically in frozen sections of fetal and placental tissues. The organophosphorus insecticide was injected intraperitoneally on the 14th day of gestation at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Placental tissue, fetal muscle, and osteogenic mesenchyma were heavily labeled within 20 minutes, the radioactivity decreasing with longer periods of treatment. Liver incorporated demeton maximally between one and two hours. The compound appeared to be rapidly metabolized because fetal tissues showed only trace activity after three hours.     

The antifertility activity and toxicity of alpha-chlorohydrin derivatives in male rats.

The antifertility activity and toxicity of alpha-chlorohydrin, six derivatives and glycidol were investigated in male rats. At a dose of 5 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally each day for 14 days, only alpha-chlorohydrin produced complete infertility. When rats were injected with the derivatives at a dose equivalent to 5 mg/kg of alpha-chlorohydrin on a molar basis, the phosphorylated and amino acid derivatives produced complete infertility within 7 days; however, there were some signs of toxicity. Compound II also produced complete infertility and appeared less toxic. AY - 22,352, compounds III and IV and glycidol had no antifertility activity, although spermatozoan motility was reduced by injection of glycidol.     

Auto-injection with epinephrine in the finger of a 5-year-old child

A 5-year-old boy with food allergies complicated by anaphylactic reactions with dyspnoea and angioedema had been prescribed an autoinjector with epinephrine (0.15 mg) so that his parents could treat him at home if necessary. The patient accidentally injected himself in a finger, which likely makes him the youngest patient to receive an epinephrine auto-injection reported to date. Treatment consisted of phentolamine (0.15 mg in 0.5 ml normal saline) injected subcutaneously at the site of accidental injection; the dose and volume were not adapted according to the age and body weight of the patient as only a local effect was intended. Finger circulation was restored within 20 minutes. Headache, nausea and vomiting were observed after 30 minutes and were most likely a systemic side effect of phentolamine. No other complications occurred. The patient recovered fully and was discharged the following morning. Intramuscular epinephrine autoinjection is standard therapy for severe anaphylactic reactions. The epinephrine autoinjector was introduced in 1980. As allergy and anaphylaxis become more common, increasing numbers of autoinjectors are prescribed, and it is likely that the number of accidental digital autoinjections will also increase. These digits are then at risk of ischaemic necrosis. There is no consensus on therapeutic strategies in such cases. Phentolamine administration appears to be an effective intervention. However, several recent studies have shown that epinephrine may be used safely in hand surgery, which suggests that accidental digital epinephrine autoinjection may not always require immediate treatment.     

布托非诺治疗硬膜外阻滞后寒战的临床观察

目的 观察布托非诺对硬膜外腔阻滞后寒战的治疗效果及不良反应.方法 将在硬膜外腔阻滞下行腹部手术的病人ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级100例随机分为两组,每组50例,布托非诺组(B组)经静脉注射0.04%布托非诺20μg/kg;哌替啶组(P组)经静脉注射1%哌替啶0.75 mg/kg.两组注药部位均为上肢静脉,注药速度均为30 ml/min,若注药5 min后寒战仍未消失者再经静脉加注咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg.观察两组病人的治疗效果和不良反应.结果 两组病人一般情况(性别、年龄、身体指数)、手术部位、静脉给药部位及手术开始前输液速度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组注药前寒战的分级与注药后1、5 min治疗效果的判定差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但注药后3min治疗效果的判定B组优于P组(P＜0.05),而B组不良反应明显低于P组(P＜0.01).结论 布托非诺治疗硬膜外腔阻滞后寒战效果确切,不良反应少,优于哌替啶,是一种理想的治疗硬膜外阻滞后并发症寒战的药物.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the clilnical effect of treatment of chill by butorphanol after epidural anesthesthia. Methods One hundred patients under going epidural anesthesia , divided into two groups randomly, 50 in butorphanol group(B)were injected intravenously through upper limbs with 0. 04% butorphanol (diluted with normal saline)20 μg/kg; 50 in pethidine group(P) were injected intravenously through upper limbs with 1% pethidine ( diluted with normal saline )0. 75 mg/kg. The speed of the two injection was30 ml/min, after five minutes the patients who were still chilling were injected with midazolam 0. 05 mg/kg. Observe the effect and complications after one minute, three minutes and five minutes. Results After one minute and five minutes the effect of treating chill was no statistically difference ( P ＞ 0. 05 ).However, after three minutes the effect of the butorphanol group was obviously superior to the pethidine group ( P ＜0. 05) ,And the complications of butorphanol group was also less than pethidine group ( P ＜0. 01) . Conclusion Butorphanol display good effect on treating the chill after epidural anesthesia.     

Effects of ethanol on an acetaldehyde drug discrimination with a conditioned taste aversion procedure.

The current study was designed to investigate whether ethanol shares stimulus properties with acetaldehyde with the use of a discriminative taste aversion procedure. Animals were trained to discriminate a dose of acetaldehyde (0.2 or 0.3 g/kg, i.p.) from saline in eight consecutive cycles consisting of a pairing day (PD) and three nonpairing days (NPDs). On PDs, all animals were injected with a particular dose of acetaldehyde 30 min before a 20-min limited access to a saccharin solution [0.1% (wt./vol.)] and then injected immediately with either LiCl (0.15 M, 1.8 mEq) or saline. On the three following NPDs, animals were injected with saline and 30 min later were presented with the same saccharin solution for 20 min. All animals in each acetaldehyde training dose group acquired discriminative stimulus control before generalization tests were conducted. Results of generalization tests (ethanol doses of 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 g/kg) revealed that ethanol substituted for acetaldehyde at doses of 1.2 and 1.6 g/kg for both training doses of acetaldehyde. The findings for this study indicate that acetaldehyde and ethanol may share some stimulus properties.     

Protection of mice against X-ray injuries by the post-irradiation administration of inosine-5'-monophosphate

The aim of the present study was to investigate the radiation modulating properties of inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP). Mice injected introperitoneally (i.p.) with IMP 15 minutes after irradiation with a lethal irradiation dose of 7 Gy have better survival rates comparative to irradiated mice non treated with IMP. The dose reduction factor of the IMP is 1.22. Using a hematologdical test we demonstrated that administration of IMP alleviates the symptoms of radiation-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The DNA damage in bone marrow and thymus cells of irradiated mice was measured by flow cytofluorometry and micronucleus test (MN-test). The tests show that i.p. administration of IMP to irradiated animals leads to a significant reduction of the DNA damage level. In this paper we show that IMP substantially modulates the damaging effects of ionizing radiation protecting irradiated mice and it is a promising agent for a treatment of leukopenia.     

罗吡卡因复合小量芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的观察罗吡卡因复合小量芬太尼对分娩镇痛的临床效果.方法 60例足月妊娠ASA(流产研究协会)Ⅰ-Ⅱ级初产妇,随机分为A、B两组,每组30例.A组采用病人自控硬膜外镇痛泵注入0.125%罗吡卡因 0.001 6%芬太尼,负荷量5 ml,持续量4 ml/h,每次病人自控镇痛(PCEA) 2 ml,锁定时间20 min.B组为对照组,分娩过程未用任何镇痛措施.结果 A组VAS(视觉模拟评分)评分明显低于用药前,与B组同期相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);两组孕妇的产程、剖宫产率、尿潴留发生率、出血量等比较,无差异.两组新生儿出生即刻和生后5 min的Apgar评分差异无显著性.结论罗吡卡因复合小量芬太尼采用自控方法分娩镇痛安全有效.     

凯素灵气雾剂对蚊,蝇杀灭效果观察

应用凯素灵气雾剂对家蝇、淡色库蚊的杀灭效果进行了观察。在实验室测试的基础上,又进行了现场效果考核。凯素灵气雾剂实验室内对淡色库蚊的灭效,当剂量为2.4g/m~3时,7.5分钟击倒率为100%,24小时死亡率为100%。对家蝇剂量为2.4g/m~3时,4.5分钟,击倒率为100%,24小时死亡率为100%。取得了满意的实验结果。实验室和现场试验表明,凯素灵气雾剂对蚊、蝇击倒速度快,使用方便,是目前较为理想的杀虫制剂。     

Cyclosiloxanes produce fatal liver and lung damage in mice.

To examine the toxicity of cyclosiloxanes (CSs), the predominant low molecular weight cyclic silicones found in breast implants, we injected female CD-1 mice intraperitoneally with different doses of distillate (3.5-35 g/kg body weight) containing cyclosiloxane D3 (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane; CS-D3), cyclosiloxane D4 (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane; CS-D4), cyclosiloxane D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; CS-D5), and cyclosiloxane D6 (dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane; CS-D6). The distillate was found to be lethal and all the mice injected with 35 g/kg died within 5-8 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) for distillate was estimated to be approximately 28 g/kg. These mice developed inflammatory lesions of the lung and liver as well as liver cell necrosis with elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Administration of CS-D4 alone also produced lethality in these mice with an LD50 of 6-7 g/kg. CS-D4-treated mice also exhibited pulmonary and hepatic lesions and elevated serum enzymes. Analysis of LD50 data indicates that CS-D4 is about as toxic as carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene. We measured hydroxyl radical formation in CS-D4-treated mice and found increases of approximately 20-fold in liver and approximately 7-fold in lung on day 4 following injection. Our findings are significant because in vitro experiments have demonstrated that CSs can migrate out of breast implants, and in mouse experiments CSs have been shown to be widely distributed in many organs after a single subcutaneous injection and to persist for at least a year.     

Biotin studies in pigs. 5. The post-ileal absorption of biotin

Six pigs were given a biotin-deficient diet (10 micrograms biotin/kg) for 14 weeks. The pigs were given the same diet for a further 42 d with one of three biotin treatments: no supplement, 400 micrograms biotin/d given orally, 400 micrograms biotin/d infused into the caecum. The concentrations of biotin in the liver, kidney and heart, at the conclusion of 42 d were greater in the pigs given the oral biotin supplement than in the unsupplemented pigs. The values for the pigs given the caecal infusion of biotin were intermediate. The excretion of biotin in faeces was increased from 35 to 101 micrograms/d by the caecal biotin infusion, and the urinary excretion was increased from 35 to 83 micrograms/d. The oral dose of biotin increased urinary biotin excretion from 35 to 345 micrograms/d, but there was no change in faecal biotin excretion. Two pigs were fitted with ileal cannulas and catheters in the vena cava. The pigs were given a dose of [14C] biotin either into the caecum, when the ileum was occluded by a bladder catheter, or orally. [14C] biotin was measured in the urine and plasma and showed that post-ileal biotin absorption was 8% as efficient as the absorption of biotin after oral dosing.     

In vitro effects of trace elements on blood clotting and platelet function. B--Zinc and magnesium.

The in vitro effects of zinc and magnesium salts on blood coagulation mechanism and platelet aggregation were studied on rat plasma. Addition of zinc sulphate to pooled rat plasma in a range of concentrations (0.3-1 mg/ml) caused a dose dependent significant prolongation of recalcification, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. These effects reached a peak after 30 minutes while the thrombin clotting time was not significantly altered and was even shortened in the presence of highest concentration of zinc tested (1 mg/ml). Incubation of thrombin with zinc sulphate (150 micrograms/ml) for up to 30 minutes did not affect significantly the action of thrombin. Incubation of the same concentrations of zinc sulphate with fibrinogen produced non clotting of fibrinogen after 0-minutes. Addition of rising concentrations of zinc sulphate to rat PRP produced inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. On the other hand, collagen-induced aggregation was insignificantly inhibited in the presence of zinc. In contrast, in vitro additions of rising concentrations of magnesium sulphate (2-5 mg/ml) to pooled rat plasma exerted no effect on recalcification time immediately after addition (0-minutes), but after 5 minutes following incubation it produced significant shortening of recalcification time in all the doses tested. The prothrombin time showed a general trend of shortening, maximal after 5-minutes incubation. The results of partial thromboplastin times revealed clotting before addition of calcium chloride. The thromboplastin time also showed progressive shortening with rising concentrations of magnesium sulphate. When thrombin solution was exposed to magnesium sulphate (2.5 mg/ml) no effect on the activity of thrombin was seen for up to 30 minutes. Fibrinogen solution similarly exposed to the same concentration of magnesium sulphate did not show any significant effect on its clottability with thrombin for up to 30 minutes. Magnesium sulphate in the range of doses tested significantly enhanced platelet aggregation of PRP in response to both ADP and collagen, and the responses observed were not dose dependent. The mechanisms underlying the effects of these two metals on blood clotting and platelet aggregation are discussed.     

NMDA受体拮抗剂作用与剂量的关系

目的探讨NMDA（N—methyl—D—aspartate,N-甲基-D一天冬氨酸）受体拮抗剂MK-801对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经干细胞增殖的影响。方法应用大鼠大脑中动脉缺血（middlecerebralarteryocclusion,MCAO）动物模型,在模型制作前30min按照不同剂量组腹腔注射MK-801,通过免疫组化技术标记大鼠梗死灶附近大脑皮质的Nestin（巢蛋白）阳性细胞。结果当MK-801浓度达到0．6mg／kg时,随着浓度增加,Nestin阳性细胞数目有递减趋势。结论NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801对神经干细胞增殖的抑制作用与其浓度有关。