Epidemiology survey of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Beixinjing District,Shanghai, China

PURPOSE: To investigate the recent incidence and related risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Chinese people. METHODS: This study was an incidence survey based on data for 108,132 persons in Beixinjing District, Shanghai, China. Patients with RRD were inpatients, outpatients, and patients from the local health network. Patients with RRD were compared with control subjects who were matched by sex, age, and block of residence. Previous population data were used to estimate the whole and specific incidence of RRD. Some factors relevant to the incidence of RRD were found by comparing the patients with RRD with the control subjects. RESULTS: Between January 1996 and December 1999, 61 cases of RRD occurred. The annual incidence of RRD was 11.3 cases per 100,000 population in 1996, 14.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1997, 14.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1998, and 17.9 cases per 100,000 population in 1999. The average annual incidence was 14.4 cases per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval, 10.0-18.6). There were 29 males and 32 females with RRD. The incidence of RRD among persons older than 40 years was high, especially among those between 40 and 59 years of age. The proportion of individuals with high myopia (more than -6 diopters) was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of RRD among a local Chinese population increased over 4 years. This disease is strongly associated with high myopia and age.     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Scotland: research design and methodology

Background  

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a potentially blinding condition and a common cause of ocular morbidity. Establishing an accurate estimate of disease incidence and distribution is an important first step in assessing the healthcare burden related to this condition and in subsequent planning and provision of treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to obtain a first estimate incidence of RRD in Scotland, to estimate the incidence of familial RRD and to describe the known associations of RRD within the study population.     

Incidence and epidemiological characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Beijing, China

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Beijing, China. DESIGN: Prospective population-based incidence study. PARTICIPANTS: The population of Beijing and its nearby suburbs (N = 6 589 000). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident RRD. RESULTS: A total of 526 patients with RRD were newly diagnosed between October 1999 and September 2000. The annual incidence was 7.98/100 000 people (95% confidence interval = 7.30-8.67). People aged 60 to 69 had the highest incidence (22.15/100 000). Incidences of 3 subtypes of RRD were 0.93/100 000 for related to blunt trauma, 0.80/100 000 for aphakic and pseudophakic, and 6.25/100 000 for nontraumatic phakic retinal detachment. A significantly higher incidence was found in males for traumatic detachment, but not for the other 2 subtypes of RRD. High myopia (> or = -6 diopters) was more prevalent in bilateral RRD (57.1%) than in the unilaterally affected patients (32.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RRD in Beijing is comparable to most of the reports from the developed countries. It is estimated that there are 9000 to 10 000 new cases of RRD in China each year. As 60% to 70% of the RRD patients live in small towns or remote farming areas with limited access to qualified retina-vitreous surgeons, care for these patients presents a great challenge in China.     

Epidemiological study of nontraumatic phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

We studied the epidemiological characteristics of nontraumatic phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in a defined population of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. A total of 278 eyes of 272 patients developed RRD during an 11-year period, 1988-1998, with a population of 465,947. The annual incidence was 5.4 per 100,000 population. The mean age of patients was 58.3 years, and the sex distribution corresponded with that in the general population. There was insignificant preponderance of right eye involvement. Bilaterality was observed in 2.2%. The presence of myopia was diagnosed in 46.9% eyes.     

Northern New Zealand Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Study: epidemiology and risk factors

BACKGROUND: The incidence of retinal detachment in New Zealand is not currently documented in the literature. This study sought to determine the annual incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and associated risk factors in northern New Zealand. METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for all patients presenting with a RRD in a 12-month interval in a confined geographical area of New Zealand. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-one patients presented between May 1997 and April 1998 with a RRD. Five patients presented with bilateral RRD. The mean age at presentation was 53.9 years and the annual incidence for RRD was 11.8 cases per 100,000 people. RRD was more common in males than in females (1.3:1). Ocular trauma, high myopia and cataract extraction were found to be significant risk factors in the development of RRD. CONCLUSIONS: The annual incidence of RRD in northern New Zealand is comparable to values reported for other parts of the world and, consistent with previous studies, the incidence of RRD was found to increase with age, and in association with trauma, high myopia and cataract surgery.     

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments is increasing in Wenzhou, China

AIM: To estimate and compare the incidence and characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) in the Wenzhou area in 2015 to 2019. METHODS: All newly developed RRD cases among residents of the Wenzhou area, from January 2015 to December 2019, were retrospectively retrieved from hospital records. Annual population data were extracted from the Wenzhou Statistical Yearbook. RESULTS: There were 3629 eligible cases. The average incidence of RRD was 7.79 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval, 7.24-8.34), and the incidences were 7.99 and 7.56 for males and females, respectively. The annual incidence increased gradually from 7.26 cases per 100 000 in 2015 to 10.00 cases per 100 000 in 2019, with an overall increase of 37.74%. The highest rate of increase occurred in the age group from 60 to 69 years. Of 2750 eyes with axial length (AL) data, 1675 (60.91%) had an AL greater than 24 mm. CONCLUSION: A trend to increasing RRD incidence is observed in the Wenzhou area over the past 5-year period.     

Macular hole as a risk factor of choroidal detachment in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: Choroidal detachment (CD) associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a rare, but serious condition, which makes the prognosis worse. Previously reported risk factors for CD in RRD patients include high myopia, aphakia, pseudophakia, and advanced age. However, macular hole has not been discussed as an important factor in increasing the risk of CD in RRD patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate macular hole as a risk factor for CD in eyes evidencing RRD. METHODS: The medical records of 480 patients with primary RRD were reviewed. We compared the CD incidence among the RRD patients in accordance with the presence or absence of macular holes. The relationship between gender, age, presence of systemic disease, refractive errors, lens status, intraocular pressure and the development of CD were also analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence (4/21 eyes, 19.0%) of CD in the RRD with macular hole was significantly higher than that (7/459 eyes, 1.5%) observed in the RRD without macular hole (p=0.010). The preoperative intraocular pressure (mean+/-SD; 2.5+/-1.3 mmHg) in the RRD with CD and macular hole was significantly lower than that (7.4+/-4.4 mmHg) observed in the cases of RRD with CD without macular hole (p=0.035). The eyes complicated by CD evidenced a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.024) than was observed in the eyes without CD. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal detachment combined with macular hole creates a predisposition toward the development of profound hypotony and CD.     

Characteristics of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Taiwan

PURPOSE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Taiwan. METHODS: The case-control study was based on retrospective chart review of hospital patients treated for primary RRD from 1995 to 2001, inclusively. The preoperative fundus findings and refractive status were collected for each patient. Controls were selected from a nationwide survey of visual impairment in the adult population during the same period. Risk factors for RRD were analysed by logistic regression. A total of 1032 RRD cases and 3537 controls were enrolled for the study. RESULTS: A pronounced bipeak pattern was evident in the age distribution for primary RRD in the third and sixth decades of life. Atrophic hole with lattice degeneration was preferential to younger (20-30 years) and highly myopic individuals (-7.4+/-5 D), whereas the flap tear tended to occur in middle-aged individuals (50-60 years) and those with moderate myopia (-4.1+/-5 D). The odds ratio for primary RRD with myopia, male gender, and older age (>40 years) were 1.33/D, 2.15, and 1.69, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia is an important RRD risk factor for young Taiwanese. The increasing prevalence of myopia has predisposed the young population to RRD.     

Unambiguous comparison of juvenile and senile rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether age is a prognostic factor in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patient population was divided into two groups according to age at onset of RRD (juvenile R RD = younger than18 years and senile RRD = 65 years and older). The juvenile RRD group consisted of 35 patients and the senile RRD group consisted of 39 patients. RESULTS: There were statistically higher incidences of male patients, trauma, subretinal fibrosis, and myopia in the juvenile RRD group compared withthe senile RRD group. In addition, there were statistical differences in the break characteristics, extent of RRD, and severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy between the juvenile and senile RRD groups. However, no statistical differences were evident in the final retinal reattachment rate (88.6% vs 94.9%; P = .413) or the final visual outcome (P = .902) between juvenile RRD and senile RRD. CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics between juvenile and senile RRD are different. Although delayed diagnosis is common, the final surgical outcome in juvenile RRD is as promising as in senile RRD.     

Comparison of persistent submacular fluid in different preoperative macular status after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To compare the incidence of persistent submacular fluid (SMF) and visual outcome after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in different preoperative macular status according to optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: A non-randomized, retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent successful PPV for RRD. OCT exams were taken preoperatively and 1mo after surgery, until SMF disappeared. According to the preoperative macular status on OCT, patients were divided into two groups: macula-off RRD (Group A) and macula-on RRD (Group B). In Group A, there were two subgroups: macula partly detached (Group A1) and macula totally detached (Group A2). The main outcome measures were the presence of SMF on OCT 1mo after surgery, and the preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), among the different groups and depending on the presence or absence of persistent SMF. RESULTS: A total of 139 eyes of 139 patients were included in the study. Persistent SMF at 1mo after surgery was 15.8% (22/139), all occurring in Group A (22/101); Group B had no SMF at 1mo after surgery (0/38, P=0.002). The incidence of persistent SMF at 1mo after surgery in Group A1 was 50% (14/28), and in Group A2 was 11.0% (8/73, P<0.001). Significant differences were shown between the presence and absence of persistent SMF on foveola-off RRD, the preoperative BCVA, the 1mo postoperative BCVA, and the degree of the BCVA improvement from 1mo postoperatively to the final follow-up (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final BCVA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Persistent SMF after PPV for retinal detachment is associated with preoperative macular status. Macula-uninvolving RRD shows no persistent SMF after PPV. Macular partly detached RRD has a higher incidence of SMF than macula totally detached RRD after PPV. The persistence of SMF may be responsible for the delayed visual recovery, whereas there were no significant differences in the final visual acuity.     

Retinal detachment in eyes treated with Aurolab aqueous drainage implant for refractory glaucoma - Incidence and outcomes

Purpose:To analyze the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients who have undergone prior Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) surgery and report outcomes in terms of anatomic, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) findings.Methods:Case records of all patients who underwent RRD repair after AADI surgery from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected included patient demographics, ocular examination findings at all visits including IOP and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and clinical findings related to RRD both at baseline and postoperatively.Results:Ten eyes of nine patients were included in study. The mean age of patients was 28.2 years (median: 15 years, range: 6–83 years). Mean duration between AADI and RRD was 14 months (median 2.5 months; range 2 days-72 months). All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil injection. The preoperative LogMAR BCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 2.52 ± 0.15 which improved to 2.29 ± 0.58 at final follow-up; however, only one eye had vision ≥ 20/400 largely due to recurrent RRD and advanced glaucomatous disc damage. Postoperatively retina was attached in 6 eyes (60%) and IOP was ≤ 21 mmHg in 5 out of 6 eyes with anatomic successConclusion:The incidence of RRD following AADI was found to be 0.86% in our study. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicon oil tamponade was the preferred approach in the management of these eyes with IOP being well controlled post PPV. However, visual acuity outcomes were largely unsatisfactory due to recurrent RRD and preexisting advanced glaucoma.     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术对孔源性视网膜脱离疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价玻璃体切割术(PPV)治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)时,术中是否联合内界膜(ILM)剥除。方法检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Librara、Clinical Trials.gov及CNKI数据库,检索自建库之始至2020年11月,搜集所有PPV联合ILM剥除与未联合ILM剥除治疗RRD的临床对照实验。由两位研究员独立筛选文献并提取术后黄斑前膜(ERM)发生率、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、RRD复发率、椭圆体带缺损发生率及视网膜神经纤维层分离(DONFL)发生率等指标。文献研究间的异质性采用Q和I²检验。若I²>50%,则认为异质性较大,采用随机效应模型进行比较;反之,采用固定效应模型。二分类变量采用相对危险度(RR)及其95%可信区间(CI)表示;连续性变量采用均数差(MD)及其95%CI表示。结果初步检索获得相关文献893篇,排除重复、与本研究无关及不符合本研究结局指标的文献,最终纳入文献11篇,共计987只眼。其中,PPV联合ILM剥除术者有514只眼,未联合者有473只眼。各原始研究间具有较高同质性,结果稳健。各研究间患者ERM发生率的组间异质性较小(I²=26%)。PPV联合ILM剥除组患者术后的ERM发生率明显低于未联合组。经固定效应模型分析,两组比较的差异有统计学意义(RR=0.11,95%CI:0.07~0.18,P<0.05)。各研究间患者BCVA的组间异质性较大(I²=86%)。经随机效应模型分析,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(MD=0.08,95%CI:-0.05~0.21,P>0.05)。4项研究间患者RRD复发率的组间异质性较大(I²=73%)。PPV联合ILM剥除组患者术后RRD的复发率低于未联合组。经固定效应模型分析,两组比较的差异有统计学意义(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.30~0.76,P<0.05)。4项研究间患者椭圆体带缺损发生率的组间异质性较大(I²=73%)。经固定效应模型分析,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(RR=0.99,95%CI:0.38~2.53,P>0.05)。5项研究间患者术后DONFL发生率的组间异质性较小(I²=0)。联合ILM剥除组患者术后DONFL的发生率高于未联合组。经固定效应模型分析,两组比较的差异有统计学意义(RR=39.08,95%CI:11.35~134.60,P<0.05)。结论PPV联合ILM剥除可预防非复杂性RRD患者术后ERM的形成,降低术后RRD的复发率,但无显著视觉效果优势,且对黄斑有潜在危害。     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of myopia

PURPOSE: To report a case series of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and its incidence at a mean of 24 months. METHODS: The clinical charts of patients who experienced RRD after LASIK were reviewed. Five refractive surgeons and 24,890 myopic eyes that underwent surgical correction of myopia ranging from -0.75 to -29.00 diopters (D) (mean, -6.19 D) participated in this study. RESULTS: Thirteen eyes from 12 patients developed RRD after LASIK. Rhegmatogenous RD occurred between 1 and 36 months (mean, 12.6 months) after LASIK. Eyes that developed RRD had from -1.50 to -16.00 D of myopia (mean, -6.96 D) before LASIK. Rhegmatogenous RD were managed with vitrectomy, cryoretinopexy, scleral buckling, argon laser retinopexy, or pneumatic retinopexy techniques. The incidence of RRD at a mean of 24 months after LASIK in this study was 0.05%. CONCLUSIONS: Rhegmatogenous RD after LASIK is infrequent. If managed promptly, good vision can result. No cause-effect relationship between LASIK and RD can be proved from this study, but the authors recommend that patients scheduled for refractive surgery undergo a thorough dilated indirect fundus examination with scleral depression and treatment of any retinal lesions predisposing them to the development of RRD before LASIK surgery is performed.     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼的临床观察

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼底检查的临床意义。方法:采用前瞻性设计的新发患者登记方法收集病例资料,对131例原发性的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼在充分散瞳下进行详细的眼底检查并绘制眼底模式图。结果:131例中有54例(41.2%)检出与视网膜脱离相关的眼底病理性改变,其中以周边部视网膜格子样变性最为多见,占32.8%,视网膜干性裂孔的发生率为9.9%,双眼视网膜脱离的发生率为8.4%。     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼检查及预防性治疗效果分析

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼发病危险性及预防性治疗的效果。方法:回顾分析我院2005-08/2007-10住院治疗的114例孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼眼底病变及预防性治疗情况。结果:在114例中对侧眼存在视网膜病变者31例(27.2%),其中46例高度近视者对侧眼眼底病变发生率高于非高度近视者(P<0.05)。对侧眼发生孔源性视网膜脱离者3例,单纯格子样变性18例,格子样变性合并视网膜干性裂孔3例,单纯囊样变性或其它变性7例。对侧眼发生视网膜脱离的3例,经治疗后视网膜全部复位;18例单纯格子样变性和3例格子样变性合并视网膜干性裂孔眼,行激光光凝或冷凝封闭视网膜变性区及裂孔。经3mo～2a定期随访,未发生新的视网膜裂孔、脱离及其它并发症。结论:孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼发生视网膜变性或孔源性视网膜脱离的危险性高,尤其是高度近视患者;对侧眼发生视网膜病变时,及早采取相应的预防性治疗措施,可安全有效的阻止对侧眼视网膜脱离的发生,保持良好的对侧眼视力。     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者临床特征分析

目的分析我院10年间孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)患者的临床特征。方法建立眼科临床科研数据库系统,对RRD的基本人口特征、复发率、对侧眼发病率以及危险因素进行分析。结果根据纳入及排除标准,共得到6417条数据信息。2006年8月1日~2016年7月31日10年间RRD手术量总体呈增加趋势,原发性RRD患者共5402例,平均年龄53.29岁,男性2941例(54.4%),右侧眼发病2904例(53.8%),其中复发率为7.98%,对侧眼发病率为2.3%。首次术后6个月内复发率为65.2%,术后12~24个月对侧眼发病率为20.2%。结论RRD手术人数逐年增加,男性比女性更易发病。RRD患者术后6个月内应密切关注,减少复发,术后12个月应注意观察对侧眼情况。     

Retinal breaks and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in association with branch retinal vein occlusion

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of retinal breaks and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 230 eyes of 214 patients with BRVO and identified eyes with retinal breaks and/or RRD. Patients had at least 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Seven of 230 eyes (3%) had retinal breaks and 3 eyes (1.3%) had RRD. One of the eyes with RRD had subclinical retinal detachment. All 7 eyes had ischemic disease documented by fluorescein angiography. Two of 7 eyes had concurrent retinal neovascularization. Four eyes with breaks, but without RRD, and the eye with subclinical RRD were managed by argon green laser. Two eyes with RRD were managed successfully with scleral buckling surgery and postoperative supplemental argon green laser. The mean follow-up period was 14.8 +/- 8.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BRVO should be monitored closely for possible retinal break formation and RRD development.     

Characteristics and surgical outcomes of paediatric retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical and visual outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the paediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of children (aged 0-15 years) who underwent primary surgical repair for RRD at the Hiroshima University Hospital between 1988 and 2001. RESULTS: In all 53 eyes of 49 patients were identified; paediatric RRD accounted for 3.1% of 1779 eyes with RRD operated on during this period. The causes of RRD included blunt trauma (27%), myopia (25%), idiopathic (20%), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (13%), and others. Among 55 eyes, 12 (22%) already had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or D preoperatively. The median initial visual acuity (VA) was 0.3. Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 78%. Final retinal reattachment was achieved in 87%. Retinal reattachment rates with and without PVR were 42% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01). Median final VA was 0.7. Final VA was > or =0.1 in 73% and > or =0.5 in 53%; four eyes had a final VA of no light perception. The presence of preoperative PVR (P=0.03) and the initial VA (P<0.0001) significantly affected final VA. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric RRD is characterised by a delay in diagnosis, as evidenced by the high rate of PVR at presentation. Retinal reattachment was adversely affected by the presence of PVR. Final VA correlated with the initial VA and was significantly affected by preoperative PVR. Early diagnosis may improve the visual prognosis of paediatric retinal detachment.     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者临床特征分析 △

目的 分析我院10年间孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)患者的临床特征。方法 建立眼科临床科研数据库系统,对RRD的基本人口特征、复发率、对侧眼发病率以及危险因素进行分析。结果 根据纳入及排除标准,共得到6 417条数据信息。2006年8月1日~2016年7月31日10年间RRD手术量总体呈增加趋势,原发性RRD患者共5 402例,平均年龄53.29岁,男性2 941例(54.4%),右侧眼发病2 904例(53.8%),其中复发率为7.98%,对侧眼发病率为2.3%。首次术后6个月内复发率为65.2%,术后12~24个月对侧眼发病率为20.2%。结论 RRD手术人数逐年增加,男性比女性更易发病。RRD患者术后6个月内应密切关注,减少复发,术后12个月应注意观察对侧眼情况。     

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after vitrectomy in eyes of diabetic patients

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) among diabetic patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Ninety-three eyes of diabetic patients-who underwent PPV with or without intraocular gas tamponade for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy-were reviewed retrospectively. Indication for vitrectomy was vitreous hemorrhage in 80 patients (86.1%), tractional retinal detachment in 3 (3.2%), and vitreous hemorrhage associated with tractional retinal detachment in 10 (10.7%). RESULTS: Four (4.3%) of 93 eyes developed an RRD after vitrectomy. The primary reason for vitrectomy was recurrent or nonresolving vitreous hemorrhage. The retina was attached with one additional surgical procedure in two of these eyes; the other two had to undergo a third operation before attachment was achieved. CONCLUSION: RRD occurs in a small percentage of patients after PPV with or without gas tamponade for vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thorough postoperative follow-up is important to make early diagnosis and intervention possible.