口服对比剂双螺旋CT胆管成像

目的：探讨口服对比剂双螺旋CT胆管成像技术的要点及临床应用价值。方法：53例胆系疾病患者口服碘番酸6g,12小时后进行上腹部容积扫描,获取轴面原始图像后再进行胆管系统的二维和三维重建,对患者的检查结果与临床病理进行对照。结果：平均胆管强化CT值与血清胆红素水平呈负相关,对无肝内外胆管严重梗阻的患者,三维胆管成像能清晰显示一级肝管以下的胆道系统,显示率为100％,二级肝管显示率71.70％（38／53）,三级肝管一般不能显示。结论：螺旋CT胆管成像是一种安全可靠、简便易行的胆管系统无创检查技术,可满意显示胆管解剖结构,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

经鼻胆引流管多排螺旋CT胆道造影的价值

目的 总结经ENBD管64排螺旋CT胆道造影的价值.方法 总结自2008年5月～2011年4月行经ENBD管64排螺旋CT胆道造影的患者60例,分析其对肝总管、左右肝管、胆总管及胆囊管的显示率,并与手术对照.结果 60例患者中对左右肝管、肝总管及胆总管的显示率为100%,对胆囊管的显示率为80%.所有患者的胆管显示情况均经腹腔镜手术或开腹手术证实,与术前螺旋CT三维胆道成像所见相同.结论 经ENBD管64排螺旋CT胆道造影可以应用于临床,对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术前评估胆道情况有价值.     

胰胆管三维成像对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT胰胆管三维成像对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法对36例梗阻性黄疸患者术前进行B超、CT、PTC或ERCP后螺旋CT胰胆管三维成像检查,比较这些检查结果的术前诊断符合率。结果螺旋CT胰胆管三维成像诊断符合率高于B超,CT及单纯PTC或ERCP检查,可获得清晰胆管树及病变的图像。对于恶性梗阻性黄疸,其能清晰显示肿瘤与邻近肝组织、胆管、血管的关系及有无肝内转移灶。结论螺旋CT胰胆管三维成像对胆道梗阻性疾病的诊断具有重要意义,可为判断肿瘤能否切除及选择手术方式提供依据。     

多排螺旋CT三维成像在颅面部骨折中的应用

目的探讨多排螺旋CT三维成像对颅面部骨折的诊断价值。方法使用四排螺旋CT对24例颅面部外伤进行轴位扫描后做三维成像,扫描层厚5mm,层距5mm,之后减薄至1.5-2mm进行重建。结果二维和三维CT对颅面骨折部位的显示率无明显差异,但三维CT对颅面部骨折全貌的显示、骨折块移位程度及凹陷深度的测定明显优于二维CT。结论多排螺旋CT扫描获得的容积数据可重建高质量的二维及三维图像,三维成像能完整地显示骨折全貌,立体直观,为临床医师制定手术方案、设计手术入路提供了可靠的信息,给治疗带来了极大的方便。     

64层螺旋CT三维重建成像在消化系统疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨消化系统疾病应用64层螺旋CT诊断及外科治疗的价值。方法选取邓州市人民医院收治的肝胆胰疾病患者共90例,入院后行64层螺旋CT检查并进行后期三维成像处理,全方位观察影像学特征并结合临床手术分析。结果 24例门静脉高压症患者其三维成像均显示门静脉主干清晰,侧支循环良好。35例原发性肝癌,肿瘤组织压迫邻近血管共10例,门静脉系统癌栓、动静脉瘘各1例,其余23例肿瘤组织未侵犯正常组织。肝内外胆管结石共22例,胆管癌共5例,胰腺癌共4例,胆道64层螺旋CT三维成像对结石和肿瘤显影明确,依据影像学检查拟定手术方案,门静脉高压症、肝癌及胆胰疾病影像学诊断与术中探查结果符合率均较高,分别为100%、97%、100%。结论消化系统脏器众多,影像结构复杂,行64层螺旋CT三维重建成像可全方位立体显示病灶及各个脏器结构,准确判断病变组织和周围正常组织的关系。     

经“T”管螺旋CT胆道三维成像的临床应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT胆道三维成像方法的应用价值,提高胆道疾病诊断治疗效果。方法:对21例"T"管引流术后病人,经"T"管注入5%碘造影剂后,行上中腹薄层螺旋扫描,小间隔重建,工作站中胆道三维成像显示(MIP、SSD、Rdg-sum),并与常规X线对照。结果:在清晰显示相邻脏器有无改变的同时,胆道三维成像清晰,立体直观,可以从任意方位角度观察,病灶显示明确,检出率高于常规"X"线"T"管造影。结论:经"T"管注入造影剂后,螺旋CT胆道三维成像准确、可靠;对于需行CT检查的病人,可望取代常规X线"T"管造影。     

输尿管硬镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床疗效

目的 探讨输尿管硬镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效.方法 20例肝内外胆管结石患者,行腹腔镜或者开腹手术取尽胆总管内结石,术中再应用输尿管硬镜,在鞘管的引导下对肝内外胆管结石进行取石和高压冲洗等操作.结果 20例患者手术均获成功,结石取尽率为100%.术后无1例发生胆道大出血、胆瘘等严重并发症.结论 应用输尿管镜联合鞘管治疗肝内外胆管结石不仅可以取尽肝内外胆管结石,还可以探查Ⅱ、Ⅲ级胆管和胆总管下段,较大地减少了手术盲区.此外,高压冲洗胆道,一定程度上还可以减少术后结石的复发率和胆管炎的发生.     

超声、CT及MRCP诊断肝外胆管结石的对比研究

目的 评价超声、腹部CT(Computed tomography,CT)和核磁胰胆管成像(Magnetic resonace cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)等三种非侵入性检查方法在肝外胆管结石的应用价值.方法 2001年1月～2007年12月在北京友谊医院消化内镜中心行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,简称ERCP)确诊的肝外胆管结石患者,比较B超、CT和MRCP对肝外胆管结石的显示率并进行统计学分析.结果 E R CP确诊胆总管结石患者261例,B超、CT和M R CP对胆总管结石的显示率分别为41.7%、55.6%和81.5%,两两比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);B超检查肝外胆管≤0.8c m的胆总管结石患者共有47例,B超、C T和M R C P对胆总管不宽胆总管结石的显示率分别21%,30.8%和56%,B超与C T无显著性差异(P>0.05),与M R C P比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 在显示肝外胆管结石方面,MR CP明显优于CT和B超,尤其肝外胆管不宽的患者,B超和CT有一定局限性.     

64层螺旋CT、MRCP和ERCP在肝内胆管占位中的临床应用对比分析

目的探讨64层螺旋CT、MRCP和ERCP在肝内胆管占位中的临床诊断应用价值。方法52例均经B超检查提示有肝内胆管占位的患者,行64层螺旋CT增强扫描后,对原始数据采用多平面重建(MPR)及胆管三维容积重建(SCTC)处理,对胆管占位原因进行定位、定性诊断,其中有12例患者还进行了MRCP和ERCP检查,并与手术病理进行对照和随访观察。结果64层螺旋CT对肝内胆管占位病变定位及定性的准确率分别为100%及94%,MRCP和ERCP对肝内胆管占位病变定位及定性的准确率分别为100%、100%及78%、80%。结论64层螺旋CT具有强大的后处理功能,可无创、清晰、立体显示胆管结构,提高术前对疾病的定性、定位诊断率,对肝内胆管占位诊断有重要价值,并可进一步指导临床手术治疗,是一种很好的无创性检查方法,ERCP和MRCP对64层螺旋CT很难作出定性诊断的病例起到一个辅助诊断的方法。     

磁共振胆道成像45例报道

采用磁共振胆道成像(MRC)显示胆道狭窄部位和程度及扩张胆管,检查病人45例(梗阻性黄疸15例,其他病人30例)。采用不屏气快速自旋回波(TSE)、重T_2加权成像技术及三维图像处理。结果显示梗阻性黄疸病人均能显示阻塞部位及扩张胆管,非梗阻性黄疸病人可显示胆总管及左、右肝管起始段,胆道术后病人见肝内外胆管轻度扩张。说明MRC能显示胆道狭窄部位、程度及扩张的胆管,与磁共振(MRI)结合能更准确地诊断胆道阻塞部位及原因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.