胰岛素瘤诊治体会（附10例报告）

胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺內分泌肿瘤。我科自1970年至1990年共收治10例,报告如下。临床资料男性7例,女性3例。年龄最小24岁,最大56岁。手术治疗9例(10次),切除肿瘤14个,1例2次手术切除肿瘤4个,良性9例,恶性1例。肿瘤最大直径4.5cm,最小不到1cm。单发肿瘤7例,多发肿瘤3例,肿瘤位于胰头部1个,体部2个,尾部11个。     

胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗：附33例报告

目的：探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。
方法：回顾性分析33例胰岛细胞瘤的临床资料。
结果：诊断采用CT,MRI,SAOG,术前B超,IRI/G和术中B超（IOUS）,敏感性分别为64.71%,50%,42.86%,15.38%,94.74%和100%。术前确诊率54.55%,手术探查的阳性率为90.91%;治疗采用肿瘤局部摘除术24例,远段胰腺切除术9例。治愈率为90.91%,并发症发生率33.33%,病死率3.03%。
结论：术中触诊联合IOUS基本上可定位诊断;根据胰岛细胞瘤的大小、部位、数目采取适宜的手术方式是获得良好疗效的关键。     

胰岛细胞瘤17例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾分析17例胰岛细胞瘤患者的临床资料，分析其临床表现、治疗方法和治疗效果。结果 17例患者中12例胰岛细胞瘤者手术9例，术后血糖全部恢复正常；5例无功能胰岛细胞瘤中3例为恶性，2例为良性，手术后均无复发或转移。结论 胰岛细胞瘤容易误诊误治，早期诊断是关键，手术切除可取得良好效果。     

老年胰岛素瘤1例报告

胰岛素瘤又称胰腺B细胞肿瘤，既往多称为胰岛细胞瘤，属老年人的少见疾病。如果对该病认识不足，常会延误诊断和治疗。特别是一些老年病人，容易被误诊为神经系统疾病，我院近期收治1例。报告如下。     

胰岛素瘤：附21例报告

目的探讨胰岛素瘤的术前定位方法与术中决策。方法对１９８２～１９９８年外科治疗的２１例胰岛素瘤进行回顾性分析。结果全组２１例,女１９例（９０５％）,男２例。年龄中位数为３６岁。术前均明确诊断为胰岛素瘤。但曾误诊癫痫７例,精神病２例,误诊率４２８％。Ｂ超定位准确者７５％,ＣＴ定位准确者５０％。结论胰岛素瘤定位较困难;Ｂ超、ＣＴ是术前较为实用的定位检查方法;如经各种检查仍不能定位时,可根据临床表现施行剖腹探查。手术方式首选胰岛素瘤剜除术,必要时也可行胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾切除。对无法彻底切除的恶性胰岛细胞瘤,应尽量切除原发和转移病灶。     

胰岛细胞瘤9例诊治体会

目的探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析我院2002年6月至2008年10月收治的9例胰岛细胞瘤病例。结果9例均行手术治疗,其中6例功能胰岛细胞瘤术后血糖全部恢复正常;3例非功能性胰岛细胞瘤为恶性,手术后无复发或转移。结论胰岛细胞瘤早期诊断困难,容易误诊,手术切除是主要的治疗方法。     

自发性食管破裂的诊治体会--附3例报告

自发性食管破裂亦称Boerhasve综合征，因其发病率低，发病急，部位隐蔽，临床症状复杂多变，再加上对该病认识不足，常易被误诊；且病程发展迅速，病死率高，故早期诊断，及时采取有效的救治措施，对减少并发症的发生及病死率有着极其重要的意义。现就我院近年收治的自发性食管破裂3例报告如下。     

Localization and surgical treatment of the pancreatic insulinomas

OBJECTIVES: Insulinomas are rare tumours that originate from the islet cells of the pancreas. The aims of this study were to gain an understanding of the clinical features of insulinomas and to establish the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. METHODS: A review was carried out in 20 patients with insulinoma surgically treated in our institution over the last 10 years. Presenting symptoms, biochemical studies, preoperative and intraoperative localization studies, operative management and complications were analysed. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 8:12, with a mean age of 46.4 years. Each patient suffered from significant neuroglycopenic symptoms, usually manifested by dizziness, sweating, headache and confusion. The preoperative median serum levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide at the termination of the fast were 37.5 mg/dL, 23.5 microU/mL, 5.6 ng/mL, respectively. Preoperative tumour localization was achieved by means of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, selective angiography or intra-arterial calcium injection with hepatic venous sampling, and sensitivities of these examinations were 81.8, 73.7, 94.1 and 100%, respectively. Intraoperative localization was carried out by a combination of manual palpation and intraoperative US with retrospective sensitivities of 80 and 100%, respectively. Enucleation was carried out in 16 patients and distal pancreatectomy in 4. The mortality and morbidity rates were 0 and 10%, respectively. One patient developed late diabetes mellitus type 1 after distal pancreatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the diagnosis of insulinoma can be made on the basis of the results of a supervised fast, careful palpation with intraoperative US is essential for intraoperative detection of insulinomas and surgical resection is the best choice for treatment of benign insulinomas.     

Role of intraoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of insulinomas

The findings in 35 surgically treated patients with insulinoma and 43 tumors of these patients were analyzed to confirm the efficacy of diagnostic modalities and surgical interventions. The rate of accurate preoperative tumor localization was 72% by angiography, 53% by computed tomographic scan, 55% by ultrasonography, and 83% by percutaneous transhepatic portal vein sampling. Extensive operative exposure and palpation detected 81% of the tumors and intraoperative ultrasonography demonstrated 96% of the tumors. Intraoperative ultrasonography was significantly better than any other diagnostic procedure and was able to demonstrate the anatomical relationship of the insulinoma to the essential structures of the pancreas. Intraoperative ultrasonography also helped determine the safest route for enucleating the insulinomas. Five patients (14%) in our series had metastatic diseases; 2 of these patients with metastases beyond the lymph nodes died due to the growth of tumors. The other 33 patients were free of insulinoma syndrome after the removal of the insulinomas. Streptozotocin was used in 1 patient with recurrent malignant insulinoma, with encouraging results.     

胰岛素瘤23例诊治分析

目的总结探讨胰岛素瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1998~2005年23例胰岛素瘤的临床资料。结果本组19例有典型Whipple三联征。术前B超、CT、选择性动脉造影诊断的阳性率分别为47.8%(11/23)、64.7%(11/17)、85.7%(6/7)。行单纯肿瘤摘除术14例、局部切除术6例、胰体尾部切除术1例、胰十二指肠切除术1例、腹腔镜下胰岛素瘤摘除术1例。术后血糖均恢复正常,但有2例发生胰漏并发症,1例发生假性囊肿,2例伴有精神症状者术后症状无改善。结论Whipple三联征和血清胰岛素与血糖比值(IRI/G)>0.3对于胰岛素瘤有诊断意义。术前B超、CT、选择性动脉造影用来明确定位。单纯肿瘤摘除术是最常用的手术方法,术中超声及血糖监测的应用有重要意义。     

功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治(附12例)

目的 探讨功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2009年吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的12例功能性胰岛素瘤临床资料.结果 12例术前空腹血糖值和胰岛素阳性率分别为92%和89%,IRI/G和C-肽的阳性率达100%.术前腹部超声、CT和MRI定位诊断准确率分别是75%、36%和0%,而术中扪诊结合术中超声的定位准确率达100%.术中血糖监测,10例在肿瘤切除后1 h内血糖上升1倍以上,2例1.5 h后上升1倍以上.随访7例,均未再出现低血糖症状.3例胰瘘.结论 对疑有功能性胰岛素瘤的病例,除检测血糖、胰岛素外还应检测IRI/G、C-肽.术中扪诊及超声是肿瘤定位的有效手段.监测肿瘤切除后血糖变化,结合术中快速病理可判定肿瘤是否完全切除.     

胰岛素瘤35例诊断和治疗分析

目的提高胰岛素瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析收治的35例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料。35例患者中,男10例,女25例,97.1%(34/35)有典型的Whipple三联征。术前影像学检查有超声、增强CT、胰腺3D-CT、MRI、CT胰腺灌注扫描、EUS及术中超声(IOUS),诊断阳性率分别为50.0%(15/30),77.8%(14/18),80.0%(8/10),93.8%(15/16),91.7%(11/12),100%(1/1),100%(3/3)。结果 35例均行手术治疗。术后随访3~113个月,平均50个月,2例失访,余33例未见复发。结论无创检查中,定位诊断首选胰腺CT灌注扫描。术中触诊联合超声定位,准确率接近100%。对于良性病变,胰岛素瘤摘除术是首选的治疗方式。对于恶性胰岛素瘤,可行胰腺部分切除术或胰十二指肠切除术。     

功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治(附12例)

目的 探讨功能性胰岛素瘤的诊治特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2009年吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的12例功能性胰岛素瘤临床资料.结果 12例术前空腹血糖值和胰岛素阳性率分别为92%和89%,IRI/G和C-肽的阳性率达100%.术前腹部超声、CT和MRI定位诊断准确率分别是75%、36%和0%,而术中扪诊结合术中超声的定位准确率达100%.术中血糖监测,10例在肿瘤切除后1 h内血糖上升1倍以上,2例1.5 h后上升1倍以上.随访7例,均未再出现低血糖症状.3例胰瘘.结论 对疑有功能性胰岛素瘤的病例,除检测血糖、胰岛素外还应检测IRI/G、C-肽.术中扪诊及超声是肿瘤定位的有效手段.监测肿瘤切除后血糖变化,结合术中快速病理可判定肿瘤是否完全切除.     

Laparoscopic strategies for resection of insulinomas

Sporadic insulinomas are suitable for the laparoscopic approach because they are solitary, resectable, and not metastatic. Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography (LapUS) can identify lesions that are undetectable by preoperative imaging techniques. However, it is still worthwhile to attempt preoperative imaging by endoscopic ultrasonography to provide useful information for patient positioning and port placement. Laparoscopic pancreatic resection and laparoscopic enucleation are feasible and safe techniques. Conversion to the open approach should be considered for tumors that cannot be identified accurately by LapUS. In patients with insulinomas in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, the laparoscopic approach is slightly different. Laparoscopic subtotal distal pancreatectomy preserving the spleen combined with laparoscopic enucleation of any tumors identified in the pancreatic head should be the standard operation. The advantages of laparoscopic pancreatic procedures should be those of all laparoscopic procedures, which obviously reduce the parietal damage in the abdomen. This may be associated with reductions in postoperative pain and hospital stay and an earlier return to previous activity. A cosmetic advantage is also clear because of the absence of long abdominal incision, and this should be taken into account, especially in young women.     

Surgical treatment of pancreatic insulinomas in the era of laparoscopy

Background: Laparoscopic resection has been increasingly reported for pancreatic insulinomas. This report evaluates our experience with surgical treatment for pancreatic insulinomas in this era of laparoscopy and reviews the application, safety, and outcome of this surgical approach reported in the literature. Methods: In a consecutive series of 10 patients with pancreatic insulinomas, laparoscopic resection was performed for selected patients after routine preoperative localizations. The outcome of this operative strategy was reviewed together with reported cases involving laparoscopic resection of pancreatic insulinomas. Results: Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy or enucleation was performed for four patients with tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas, whereas open enucleation was performed for six patients with tumors located at the pancreatic head. Pancreatic leak developed in one laparoscopic and two open enucleations. A review of reported cases in the literature showed that 61 of 69 attempted laparoscopic pancreatic resections for insulinomas were performed successfully. All except two tumors were located at the body or tail of the pancreas. For 42 cases with detailed information, 41 tumors at the pancreas body or tail were removed successfully by enucleation (n = 24) or distal pancreatic resection (n = 17), and one tumor at the pancreatic head was enucleated successfully. Pancreatic fistula, the most frequent complication, occurred in 8 (19%) of 42 laparoscopic resections. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection of pancreatic insulinomas is safe and feasible for tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas. Its application for tumors located at the pancreatic head needs further evaluation.     

胰岛素瘤5例诊治体会

目的总结我科近10年收治的5例胰岛素瘤(insulinoma)的治疗经过,结合本领域的诊治技术进步而进一步总结其特点。方法回顾性分析我科近10年收治的5例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料包括症状,诊治经过及随访情况。结果胰岛素瘤人群总体发病率低,虽常有门诊误诊但通过实验室和影像学检查均能确诊。结合术中超声定位行外科根治切除为最佳治疗手段,病人预后较好。结论胰岛素瘤发病率低但值得临床医生重视。虽外科切除是首选治疗方案,仍需根据具体肿瘤特点而采取个体化治疗方案。     

Laparoscopic surgery in patients with sporadic and multiple insulinomas associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

There have recently been reports of a limited number of laparoscopic procedures in patients with clinically manifest hyperinsulinism. However, the precise role of laparoscopy remains unknown. Between January 1998 and September 2003, 11 consecutive patients (10 women and 1 man; mean age, 40 years; age range, 22–66 years) with sporadic insulinoma and two female patients (25 and 40 years old) with multiple insulinomas associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) were operated on using the laparoscopic approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography was used to localize the tumor preoperatively in 90% of patients with sporadic insulinoma. In patients with MEN-1, computed tomography and octreoscan-111In demonstrated multiple tumors. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LapUS) was performed in all patients for operative decision-making. Of 11 patients with sporadic insulinoma, laparoscopic enucleation (LapEn) was planned in 8 patients, but in 1 patient, the use of LapUS missed the tumor and the patient was converted to open surgery. Mean operating time after LapEn (seven patients) was 180 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 200 ml. The mean hospital stay was 5 days. In three of the 11 patients, laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LapSPDP) was performed; the mean operative time was 240 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 360 ml. Postoperative complications occurred in three of seven patients after LapEn (three pancreatic fistulas managed conservatively, and one case of bleeding requiring reoperation). LapSPDP was performed in both patients with MEN-1; in one patient with splenic vessel preservation (SVP), the operating time was 210 minutes and blood loss was 650 ml, with a hospital stay of 6 days. In another patient without SVP, the operating time was 150 minutes and blood loss was 300 ml. The latter patient developed a 4-cm splenic infarct managed conservatively, and the hospital stay was 14 days. LapEn and LapSPDP are feasible and safe and achieved cure in patients with sporadic insulinoma and multiple insulinomas associated with MEN-1. However, the risk of pancreatic leakage after LapEn remains high, and LapSPDP without SVP may be associated with splenic infarct.