入院D二聚体水平与儿童社区获得性肺炎住院时间的关系

目的研究入院D二聚体(D-dimer,DD)水平与儿童社区获得性肺炎住院时间的关系。方法回顾性研究2016年12月至2017年12月天津医科大学第二医院收治的CAP患儿,通过电子病案系统查询相关资料,用Logistic回归模型和COX比例风险模型分析入院DD水平与住院时间的关系。结果共有413例CAP患儿纳入研究,住院时间为3～21 d,中位时间7 d;入院DD中位水平为510.87 ng/mL,三分位点为400 ng/mL、712.23 ng/mL。Logistic分析显示入院DD水平是CAP儿童住院时间7 d的独立危险因素,高水平(712.23 ng/mL)vs低水平(400 ng/mL)OR值3.335(95%CI:1.973～5.637,P0.001),中水平(400～712.23 ng/mL)vs低水平(400 ng/mL)OR值2.015(95%CI:1.195～3.398,P=0.009)。COX分析显示高水平DD(712.23 ng/mL)较低水平(400 ng/mL)出院概率降低,HR值为0.652(95%CI:0.486～0.874,P=0.004),即住院时间较长的风险增大。结论 CAP患儿入院DD水平与住院时间具有独立相关性,提示入院DD检测可能有助于CAP患儿的临床管理。     

抗凝血酶和D-二聚体预测孕晚期妊娠并发症的价值

目的探讨抗凝血酶(AT)和D-二聚体(DD)对孕晚期妊娠并发症的预测价值。方法回顾性分析妊娠晚期孕妇,排除妊娠前即确诊患有原发性高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、慢性肾病、慢性肝病者以及因胎儿染色体异常、发育畸形终止妊娠者,共纳入5 095例孕妇。按照不同并发症对孕妇进行分组,比较有并发症者与无并发症者AT和DD结果的差异。采用Logistic回归分析评估AT、DD异常对各类妊娠并发症的预测价值。结果 5 095例孕妇中有606例在孕28～40周发生并发症,包括子痫前期353例、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积(ICP)105例、妊娠期糖尿病88例、死胎45例、深静脉血栓形成(DVT)15例,有4548例未发生并发症。不同并发症孕妇DD水平均显著高于无并发症孕妇(P0.05)。子痫前期孕妇AT水平显著低于无并发症孕妇,而ICP孕妇AT水平显著高于无并发症孕妇(P0.05)。与无并发症孕妇相比,ICP、死胎孕妇年龄较小,而妊娠期糖尿病孕妇年龄较大(P0.05)。AT115%者发生ICP的比值比(OR)值为20.24[95%(CI)12.87～31.82];AT70%者发生子痫前期的OR值为5.41(95%CI3.72～7.87);DD3.98μg/mL者发生DVT的OR值为5.74(95%CI 2.03～16.20),发生死胎的OR值为4.05(95%CI 2.16～7.52),发生ICP的OR值为2.95(95%CI1.73～5.02),发生子痫前期的OR值为2.76(95%CI 2.01～3.81)。结论检测孕妇妊娠晚期DD和AT水平对于妊娠并发症有一定的预测价值。     

hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2和DD在预测冠心病患者预后中的价值研究

目的研究超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶A2酶活性(Lp-PLA2)、D-二聚体(DD)与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者预后的关系。方法选取2009年8月至2010年9月鄂州二医院和鄂钢医院行冠状动脉造影明确诊断为CHD的住院患者480例,记录患者入院后24h内空腹hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、DD及其他临床资料。于2012年8月至10月进行电话、门诊或者住院随访,了解心脏不良事件的发生情况。依据是否发生心脏不良事件进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 (1)成功随访458例(95.4%),随访时间为(30.8±3.9)个月。72例发生不良事件(15.7%),死亡14例(3.1%)。(2)单因素分析显示:性别、高血压、糖尿病、hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、DD、左心室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)是心脏不良事件发生的危险因素(P0.05)。(3)多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示性别、hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、DD水平进入回归方程,与未发生不良事件组相比,发生不良事件组的性别OR值1.647(95%CI:1.543~1.759,P0.001),hs-CRP的OR值为2.235(95%CI:2.064~2.420,P0.001),Lp-PLA2的OR值为0.644(95%CI:0.569~0.729,P0.001),DD的OR值为1.918(95%CI:1.594~2.309,P0.001)。结论 hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、DD水平可以预测CHD患者的不良预后。     

脑室出血患者血清PTX3，HPA及Adropin蛋白表达水平与微创锥颅软通道引流术预后的相关性研究

目的　探讨血清正五聚蛋白3(pentraxin 3, PTX3),乙酰肝素酶(heparinase, HPA) 及Adropin 蛋白的表达水平与脑室出血患者微创锥颅软通道引流术后预后的关系。方法　选择2019 年10 月～ 2020 年5 月邢台市第三医院收治的122 例脑室出血患者作为观察组,同时选取同期60 例健康志愿者为对照组,检测两组受试者血清PTX3,HPA和Adropin 蛋白表达。所有患者均行脑室出血微创软通道引流术,收集患者年龄、性别、脑出血量、发病至手术时间及术前血液学指标等基线资料。随访3 个月,应用改良版Rankin 量表评估患者预后情况,分成预后良好组和预后不良组。单因素和多因素Logistic 回归分析确定血清PTX3,HPA 和Adropin 蛋白确定脑室出血患者微创锥颅软通道引流术后预后不良的关系。结果　观察组患者血清PTX3(14.78±2.02ng/ml vs 7.89±1.87ng/ml) 和HPA(4.08±0.98ng/ml vs 2.01±0.50ng/ml) 水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=22.157,18.866, 均P<0.001)。观察组患者血清Adropin 蛋白明显低于对照组(1.87±0.22μg/ml vs 3.70±0.35μg/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=37.060, P<0.001)。预后良好组患者血清PTX3(13.64±3.36ng/ml vs 16.98±3.72ng/ml) 和HPA(3.36±0.87ng/ml vs 4.97±1.01ng/ml) 明显低于预后不良组,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.010, 9.144, 均P<0.001)。血清Adropin 蛋白明显高于预后不良组(2.39±0.42μg/ml vs 1.30±0.28μg/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=16.932, P<0.001)。根据ROC 曲线可得,PTX3,HPA和Adropin 蛋白诊断的最佳临界值分别为15.01ng/ml,3.82ng/ml 和1.85μg/ml,对应的敏感度、特异度和AUC 分别为67.44%,69.74% 和0.798(95%CI:0.748~0.851);65.12%,71.05% 和0.760(95%CI:0.707~0.812);60.46%,60.53% 和0.631(95%CI:0.567~0.0.698)。预后良好组和预后不良组的患者在年龄、高血压、高血糖、脑出血量、病情严重程度、发病至手术时间、二次手术及PTX3,HPA,Adropin 等差异均有统计学意义(χ2=16.937, 8.848, 8.567, 10.301, 15.899, 7.461,4.015, 13.223, 10.976, 16.158, P<0.05)。Logistic 回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.655, 95%CI:1.355~2.022)、病情严重程度(OR=1.565, 95%CI:1.056~2.321)、高血压(OR=1.835, 95%CI:1.015~3.317)、出血量(OR=1.650, 95%CI:1.098~2.481)、PTX3(OR=2.435, 95%CI: 2.045~2.899)、HPA(OR=2.465, 95%CI: 2.018~3.010) 及Adropin 蛋白(OR=2.418, 95%CI: 1.972 ~2.965) 均是患者预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论　脑室出血患者血清PTX3,HPA 和Adropin 蛋白呈现异常表达,且是微创锥颅软通道引流术后预后不良的独立影响因素。     

肝硬化2/3级腹水患者短期不良临床结局的影响因素

目的 探讨因肝硬化2/3级腹水住院的患者短期不良临床结局的影响因素。方法 以昆明市第三人民医院2021年12月至2023年2月期间82例因肝硬化2/3级腹水住院的患者为研究对象,收集人口统计学及入院首次临床资料,随访患者入院后90 d内临床转归情况,包括住院时间超过28 d、距入院28 d内非计划再住院、90 d内病死(含28 d内病死),进行相应分组后通过单因素筛查、二元logistic回归分析探索上述不良临床结局的影响因素,最后用受试者工作(receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC)曲线,判断其影响因素的诊断效能。结果 (1)MELD-Na(model for end-stage liver disease-sodium, MELD-Na)评分(OR=1.087, 95%CI:1.006～1.175)和r-谷氨酰基转肽酶(gamma glutamyl transferase, GGT)(OR=1.004, 95%CI:1.002～1.007)分别是住院时间超过28 d、距入院28 d内非计划再住院和28 d内病死的独立危险因素(P &...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者30d内不同预后的临床数据分析

目的:通过临床数据回顾性研究,分析因慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)入院,且住院时间在30 d内,死亡与好转出院患者临床数据的差异,筛选其中的高危患者,为个体化的治疗提供参考。方法:统计我院急诊科、呼吸科因AECOPD入院患者的临床资料,根据入院30 d内死亡或好转出院情况分为死亡组和出院组。对2组患者的临床资料进行多因素分析,并对2组患者的住院时间进行统计分析。结果:多因素显示GOLD D组(OR=8.612,95%CI:3.067～24.182,P0.01),意识障碍(OR=11.838,95%CI:3.433～40.820,P0.01),入院次数≥3次(OR=4.539,95%CI:1.251～16.466,P=0.021)与AECOPD患者30 d出现不同预后独立相关。住院时间Ⅰ组vs.Ⅱ组为(6.3±6.7) d vs.(10.5±4.9) d,P=0.009,Ⅰ组患者住院时间中位数为3(1～11) d。结论:GOLD D组、意识障碍、1年内多次入院(n≥3次)是因AECOPD入院患者30 d内死亡的独立危险因素,针对存在以上危险因素的患者应重点关注入院3 d内的病情变化,给予针对性的治疗,以降低患者的病死率。     

百草枯中毒患者胰石蛋白水平改变与临床预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨百草枯(PQ)中毒患者胰石蛋白(PSP)水平改变与临床预后的相关性分析。方法:连续性纳入我院住院治疗的20例急性PQ中毒患者(PQ组),另选取30例年龄相符的肺炎患者作为对照组。根据PQ组患者28d存活情况,再将其分为死亡亚组(n=10)和存活亚组(n=10)。并于入院时和入院第3天对各组进行TNF-α、PCT和PSP检验和分析。结果:入院第3天PQ组患者TNF-α和PSP水平显著高于对照组[(205.2±74.5)pg/ml vs.(102.4±34.8)pg/ml,(59.2±12.3)ng/ml vs.(14.0±2.6)ng/ml,P0.05)]。死亡亚组TNF-α和PSP显著高于存活亚组[(214.5±79.2)pg/ml vs.(192.8±70.1)pg/ml,(76.2±16.9)ng/ml vs.(45.2±8.2)ng/ml,P0.05)]。入院时PSP水平(AUC=0.743,95%CI:0.611~0.846,P0.05),入院第3天PSP水平(AUC=0.842,95%CI:0.789~0.948,P0.05)和△PSP(AUC=0.882,95%CI:0.783~0.976,P0.05)可对PQ患者28d病死率具有一定的预测价值。入院时PSP、入院第3天PSP和△PSP与PQ患者28d死亡事件呈正相关(r分别为0.554、0.638、0.776,P0.05)。入院第3天PSP(OR=1.67,95%CI:0.96~2.98,P0.05)和△PSP(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.03~3.53,P0.05)为PQ中毒患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论:PQ患者血清PSP水平进行性上升,与28d死亡事件密切相关,可成为预测PQ患者临床预后的新型生物学标记物。     

D二聚体监测非手术癌症住院患者短期内静脉血栓风险的评价

目的评估D二聚体(DD)监测非手术癌症住院患者在15 d内的静脉血栓风险。方法选择2018年1月至12月天津医科大学总医院收治的非手术癌症患者397例,年龄(56±18)岁,其中,男236例,女161例。根据Caprini血栓风险评分量表,将癌症患者分为中危组(3～4分)171例,高危组(≥5分)226例。采用VIDAS荧光免疫分析仪及其配套试剂VADIS~? D-Dimer Exclusion~(TM)测定血浆DD水平。对入组患者随访15 d,以静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)为事件终点。DD水平以M(P_(25),P_(75))表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。采用ROC曲线评价DD的诊断性能。结果高危组患者血浆DD水平高于中危组,差异有统计学意义(U=13 306,P0.001),2组间VTE发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.85,P0.05)。DD预测癌症患者15 d内VTE风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.694(95%CI:0.613～0.774),DD临界值为1 579 ng/mL时,预测癌症患者15 d内VTE风险的敏感性为69.0%,特异性为57.1%,。DD≤1 579 ng/mL患者与1 579 ng/mL患者比较,2组间Caprini分值差异有统计学意义(U=16 104,P=0.002),VTE发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=7.36,P0.05)。在全部患者中,与血浆DD浓度低于临界值(≤1 579 ng/mL)的患者比较,高于临界值(1 579 ng/mL)的患者在15 d内的VTE累计概率增高(Log-rank χ~2=7.729,P=0.005)。在中危组中,与血浆DD浓度低于临界值的患者比较,高于临界值的患者在15 d内的VTE累计概率增高(Log-rank χ~2=7.156,P=0.007)。在高危组中,与血浆DD浓度低于临界值的患者比较,高于临界值的患者在15 d内的VTE累计概率差异无统计学意义(Log-rank χ~2=2.009,P=0.156)。结论按照Caprini评分量表或DD临界值(1 579 ng/mL)对中、高危癌症患者的VTE风险进行危险度分组,15 d内的VTE发生率差异无统计学意义,但DD能有效反映总体患者人群以及Caprini评分为中危患者的VTE累计概率的增加。     

耐多药结核病患者心理应激反应影响因素及社会支持调节效应的分析

目的了解耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)患者的心理应激反应现状及影响因素, 并分析社会支持水平在医学应对方式和心理应激反应之间的调节效应。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样方法, 选取2019年7月—2020年12月于四川大学华西医院结核科住院的273例MDR-TB患者作为研究对象, 采用心理应激反应量表(IES-R)、社会支持量表(SSRS)及医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)对其进行调查。采用χ2检验、t检验进行单因素分析, 采用二项Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析, 采用PROCESS V 3.3软件进行调节效应分析。结果 37.36%(102/273)的MDR-TB患者存在较严重的心理应激反应。Logistic回归分析显示, 年龄(OR=1.039, 95%CI:1.003～1.076)、婚姻状况(OR=0.136, 95%CI:0.024～0.773)、职业(OR=0.057, 95%CI:0.011～0.312)、每天饮酒量(OR=28.968, 95%CI:2.387～351.609)、社会支持水平(OR=0.927, 95%CI:0.866～0.993)及患者面对疾病的屈...     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者院内发生急性心力衰竭的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

目的建立老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者院内发生急性心力衰竭的风险预测模型。方法采用便利抽样法, 选取2018年1月—2020年12月北京大学第三医院心内科收治的619例老年CHF患者为研究对象, 根据患者是否院内发生急性心力衰竭, 将其分为发生组(n=55)和非发生组(n=564)。采用二项Logistic回归分析探讨老年CHF患者院内发生急性心力衰竭的独立危险因素;应用R软件构建列线图模型, 并验证其预测效果。结果二项Logistic回归分析显示, 入院时心率快(OR=1.021, 95%CI:1.003～1.039)、有脑血管病史(OR=2.253, 95%CI:1.197～4.240)、便秘(OR=10.382, 95%CI:1.376～78.308)、心律失常(OR=2.051, 95%CI:1.079～3.898)、服用拜阿司匹林(OR=2.741, 95%CI:1.447～5.193)、应用静脉利尿剂(OR=6.326, 95%CI:2.629～15.220)及N端-前脑钠肽水平高(OR=3.511, 95%CI:1.890～6.521)是老年CHF患者院内发生急性心力衰竭...     

C反应蛋白在不同病原体感染及不同病情肺炎患儿血清中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)在不同病原体感染及不同病情肺炎患儿血清中的表达及临床意义。方法将256例肺炎患儿依据感染病原体不同分为细菌性肺炎组(n=89),病毒性肺炎组(n=82)和支原体肺炎组(n=85),另选取同期健康体检儿童(n=50)为对照组,比较4组入院次日血清CPR水平及阳性率的差异;将细菌性肺炎组和支原体肺炎组依据是否合并全身炎症综合征(SIRS)分为SIRS组和非SIRS组,其中SIRS组细分为S1、S2亚组,比较各组入院次日血清CPR水平及阳性率。结果入院次日,细菌性肺炎组血清CRP水平及阳性率显著高于其他各组;支原体肺炎组显著低于细菌性肺炎组,高于病毒性肺炎组和对照组(P0.01),病毒性肺炎组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);细菌性和支原体肺炎SIRS组均高于非SIRS组,且S2组高于S1组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 CRP在小儿支原体肺炎中表达水平低于细菌性肺炎,高于病毒性肺炎,且随病情严重程度增加,CRP升高越显著。     

25例卧床老年人肺基底部肺炎的临床及影像学特点分析

【目的】探讨卧床老年人肺基底部肺炎的临床及影像学特点,加深对本病的认识,减少临床漏、误诊。【方法】对本院2007年3月至2011年2月间内科住院病人中卧床老年人肺基底部肺炎（n=25）的临床表现、细菌学检测及影像学资料进行分析和总结,并与同期卧床老年性非基底部肺炎患者进行比较。【结果】25例肺基底部肺炎患者均为长期卧床病人,其临床表现不典型,极少数有咳嗽、咯痰等症状,25例中仅4例X线检查发现肺部异常,CT则均于肺基底部发现局限性炎性病灶。【结论】卧床老年人肺炎好发于肺基底部,其临床表现不典型,病灶较小且相对局限,X线胸片检查易被隐匿,CT扫描则易检出病灶。     

小儿支原体肺炎超敏C反应蛋白的测定

目的:探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)水平在儿童支原体肺炎的应用。方法:测定42例支原体肺炎患儿和30例健康儿童的血清Hs-CRP含量水平,并对支原体肺炎患儿治疗前后测定其支原体抗体水平。结果:支原体肺炎患儿急性期血清Hs-CRP明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且其出现时间明显比支原体抗体出现得早。结论:常规检测肺炎患儿应包括Hs-CRP和支原体抗体,尤其是当已出现Hs-CRP阳性而早期支原体抗体尚未出现时应动态观察,避免支原体肺炎的误诊及影响治疗和疗效。     

Mortality in ICU patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: when antibiotics are not enough

Background  It remains uncertain why immunocompetent patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) die, in spite of adequate antibiotics. Methods  This is a secondary analysis of the CAPUCI database which was a prospective observational multicentre study. Two hundred and twelve immunocompetent patients admitted to 33 Spanish ICUs for CAP were analyzed. Comparisons were made for lifestyle risk factors, comorbidities and severity of illness. ICU mortality was the principal outcome variable. Results  Bacteremic CAP (43.3 vs. 21.1%) and empyema (11.5 vs. 2.2%) were more frequent (P < 0.05) in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae CAP. Higher rates of adequate empiric therapy (95.8 vs. 75.5%, P < 0.05) were observed in patients with S. pneumoniae CAP. Patients with non-pneumococcal CAP experienced more shock (66.7 vs. 50.8%, P < 0.05), and need for mechanical ventilation (83.3 vs. 61.5%, P < 0.05). ICU mortality was 20.7 and 28% [OR 1.49(0.74–2.98)] among immunocompetent patients with S. pneumoniae (n = 122) and non-pneumococci (n = 90), in spite of initial adequate antibiotic. Multivariable regression analysis in these 184 immunocompetent patients with adequate empirical antibiotic treatment identified the following variables as independently associated with mortality: shock (HR 13.03); acute renal failure (HR 4.79), and APACHE II score higher than 24 (HR 2.22). Conclusions  Mortality remains unacceptably high in immunocompetent patients admitted to the ICU with bacterial pneumonia, despite adequate initial antibiotics and comorbidities management. Patients with shock, acute renal failure and APACHE II score higher than 24 should be considered for inclusion in trials of adjunctive therapy in order to improve CAP survival. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This article is discussed in the editorial available at: doi:.     

加强护理干预在老年重症肺炎并发呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中应用的效果评价

目的 探讨加强护理干预在老年重症肺炎并发呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中的应用效果.方法 选取2009年11月至2010年11月收治的78例老年重症肺炎并发呼吸机相关性肺炎患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各39例.对照组患者采用常规综合护理方法,观察组患者在对照组患者常规综合护理基础上,再加强护理干预.比较2组患者发生呼吸机相关性肺炎后呼吸机使用时间、住院天数、并发症情况及病死率.结果 2组患者的呼吸机使用时间、住院天数、并发症发生率及病死率比较,观察组患者均显著优于对照组.结论 加强护理干预可针对性地改善重症肺炎并发呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的整体呼吸状况,利于炎性反应控制,缩短呼吸机使用时间及住院时间,相应的降低并发症的发生率,降低死亡率,值得临床推广应用.     

Validation of JRS atypical pneumonia score in patients with community-acquired Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia

IntroductionThe Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) atypical pneumonia score is a useful tool for the rapid presumptive diagnosis of atypical pneumonia. We investigated the clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Chlamydia psittaci and validated the JRS atypical pneumonia score in patients with C. psittaci CAP.MethodsThis study was conducted at 30 institutions and assessed a total of 72 sporadic cases with C. psittaci CAP, 412 cases with Mycoplasma pneumoniae CAP, and 576 cases with Streptococcus pneumoniae CAP.ResultsSixty-two of 72 patients with C. psittaci CAP had a history of avian exposure. Among the six parameters of the JRS score, matching rates of four parameters were significantly lower in the C. psittaci CAP than the M. pneumoniae CAP in the following parameters: age <60 years, no or minor comorbid illness, stubborn or paroxysmal cough, and absence of chest adventitious sounds. The sensitivity of the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia in patients with C. psittaci CAP was significantly lower than the M. pneumoniae CAP (65.3% and 87.4%, p < 0.0001). When the diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed for different ages, the diagnostic sensitivities for the C. psittaci CAP were 90.5% for non-elderly patients and 30.0% for elderly patients.ConclusionsThe JRS atypical pneumonia score is a useful tool for distinguishing between C. psittaci CAP and bacterial CAP in patients aged <60 years, but not in patients aged ≥60 years. A history of avian exposure in middle-aged patients with normal white blood cell count may be suggestive of C. psittaci pneumonia.     

呼出气一氧化氮对呼吸机相关性肺炎的早期诊断意义

目的:探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)对呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的早期诊断意义。方法:选择入住首都医科大学附属复兴医院重症医学科(ICU)需要进行有创机械通气的患者。收集患者人口学资料,第1、3、5、7天FeNO、白细胞计数(WBC)、降钙素原(PCT)及预后指标,前瞻性观察FeNO是否对VAP具有早期诊断意义。按照入ICU的主要原因分为肺内炎症组、肺外炎症组及非炎症组;将机械通气时间≥3 d的患者,根据14 d内是否发生VAP分为VAP组和非VAP组。结果:肺内炎症组患者FeNO浓度明显高于肺外炎症组及非炎症组(P0.05)。与非VAP组患者相比,VAP组患者第3天和第5天的FeNO明显升高,其对VAP的发生与否有良好的临床预测价值(第3天:AUC 0.87,P0.001,分界点6.5 ppb,敏感性76.9%,特异性81.4%;第5天:AUC 0.75,P=0.001,分界点为5.5 ppb,敏感性73.1%,特异性67.4%)。与非VAP组患者相比,VAP组患者28 d内非机械通气时间缩短(P0.05)、ICU住院时间延长(P0.05)。结论:肺炎患者FeNO明显升高,升高的FeNO对VAP有很好的临床预测价值,在临床中可以作为VAP的一项生物标志物。     

Clinical features and outcomes of aspiration pneumonia compared with non-aspiration pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study

Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among elderly patients. Although aspiration pneumonia (AP) commonly occurs with aging, its clinical features and outcomes are still uncertain. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features and outcomes of AP and to assess whether presence of AP affects clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). We retrospectively analyzed patients with CAP and HCAP hospitalized in our institution in Japan from October 2010 to March 2012. We compared clinical features and outcomes between AP and non-AP, and investigated risk factors for recurrence of pneumonia and death. Of 214 consecutive patients, 100 (46.7%) were diagnosed as having aspiration pneumonia. These patients were older and had lower body mass index, more comorbidities, and poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) than the patients with non-AP. Patients with AP had more severe disease, required longer hospital stays, and had a frequent recurrence rate of pneumonia and higher mortality. In multivariate analyses, AP, age, and ECOG PS were related to recurrence of pneumonia, and the prognostic factors were CURB-65 score and ECOG PS. AP was not a significant indicator for prognosis but was the strongest risk factor for recurrence of pneumonia. Clinical background and outcomes including recurrence and mortality of AP were obviously different from those of non-AP; therefore AP should be considered as a distinct subtype of pneumonia, and it is important to prevent the recurrence of pneumonia in the patients with AP.     

A prospective comparison of nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) has been proposed by the Japanese Respiratory Society as a new category of pneumonia considering the characteristics of the Japanese medical care environment. It is necessary to ascertain the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of NHCAP. A prospective study was conducted of patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized at our hospital from August 2011 to July 2012. We compared 192 cases of NHCAP with 114 cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Compared with CAP, NHCAP had a higher disease severity, higher 30-day mortality rate (10.9 vs. 3.5 %, P = 0.022), and longer length of hospital stay (median, 12 vs. 8 days, P < 0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent causative pathogen in both NHCAP and CAP (33.9 vs. 34.8 %, P = 0.896). The incidence of atypical pathogens in NHCAP was low (1.7 %). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens were isolated more frequently in NHCAP than in CAP, but there was no significant difference (11.0 vs. 4.5 %, P = 0.135). Among 192 NHCAP patients, 122 (63.5 %) were aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia was associated with poor outcomes and was considered a major characteristic of NHCAP. Our study suggested that many patients with NHCAP do not need broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy targeting MDR pathogens. Excess mortality in NHCAP patients is the result of patient backgrounds or disease severity rather than the presence of MDR pathogens.     

隐源性机化性肺炎患者的护理

目的总结隐源性机化性肺炎(cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,COP)患者的护理经验,以期为今后护理工作提供参考。方法回顾性分析2012年3月山东大学省立医院收治的1例COP患者的临床资料,总结其诊治、护理过程,系统分析归纳护理措施。结果经治疗,4d后患者主诉咳嗽较前明显减轻,听诊双肺未闻及明显爆裂音。遵医嘱予以甲泼尼龙治疗8d后,患者病情稳定,出院宣教后带药回家休养。结论 COP发病率低,病程迁延,常被误诊。加强心理护理,做好病情观察,进行预见性护理,特别注意糖皮质激素治疗的相关护理,是促进患者康复的关键。