肿块深度对乳腺超声弹性成像检查结果的影响分析

目的 探究超声弹性成像(UE)中肿瘤深度对于判断乳腺肿物的良、恶性影响.方法 选取本院2017年1月～2018年10月间收治的178例因乳腺肿块行手术切除患者为观察对象,纳入病灶200个.依据肿瘤深度不同分4组.对所有的患者在术前均予以常规超声检查以及超声弹性成像检查,对比不同深度肿瘤的UE成像情况、分析诊断效能(准确...     

大气压变化对咽鼓管通气阻力的影响及耳气压伤的预防

目的探讨咽鼓管通气阻力(VRET)是否随大气压变化而变化,并了解呼气压大于咽鼓管通气阻力的正压呼吸能否预防耳气压伤。方法8名健康男性,咽鼓管通气阻力<6kPa,在海拔28m和1180m高度的大气压条件下,用咽鼓管通气阻力测量仪测量VRET,比较其相对值和绝对值。另在压力舱内做增压试验:每2人一组,互为试验者和对照者。试验组经面罩予以6kPa的呼气正压,对照组正常呼吸。高压舱以0.5kPa/s增压速率增压至5kPa,两组均不进行其他任何主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室腔压力。以同样速率增压至50kPa,试验组条件不变,对照组可进行主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室压。结果在海拔28m,测量的VRET相对值是3.7kPa(27.75mmHg);在1180m高度,测量的VRET相对值是3.8kPa(28.50mmHg)。经t检验,两地高度VRET的相对值差异无显著性意义,高压舱增压至5kPa时,试验组和对照组鼓室压差值162.1±75.4daPa(P<0.01)。增压至50kPa时,试验组和对照组鼓室压差值2.86±6.19daPa(P>0.05)。结论当人体的环境气压发生变化时,VRET相对值无显著变化。经面罩提供大于VRET的压力,可以使咽鼓管被动开放,预防耳气压伤。     

Reinventing the apprenticeship: the hot seat in the digital era

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Describe new interactive digital teaching methods for medical student education in radiology and evaluate student responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Third- and fourth-year medical students on radiology clerkship were taught using either film-based "hot seat" format, digital "hot seat," or didactic slide-based format. Digital hot seat included direct projection of full-resolution images and use of digital tablet for annotation. Students completed surveys commenting on each method. RESULTS: Before 2003-2004, comments were available from general course surveys. Only positive responses were made regarding digital hot seat format. Dedicated surveys of teaching methods since July 2003 (23 students) showed 100% gave high ratings to digital hot seat methods (1 or 2 on a scale from 1 to 5), citing easier visibility of findings and ability to draw on images as positive features. Fifty-two percent rated film hot seat method <3, with limited visibility as the main complaint. Didactic slide teaching was rated <3 by 74%. Eighty-three percent chose digital hot seat as their favorite format overall. CONCLUSIONS: Students overwhelmingly favor digital hot seat teaching over film-based or didactic slide presentations. Digital hot seat methods preserve the best features of case-based interactive teaching while improving visibility of findings.     

Transverse anastomoses of the veins at the base of the brain

Summary Venous anastomoses at the base of the brain are represented by the anterior and posterior communicating veins. The anterior communicating vein anastomoses with the anterior cerebral veins. The posterioir communicating veins join the basal veins through the interpenduncular veins. The functional value of these venous anastomoses is less important than that of the arterial polygon of Willis. This anastomotic function depends on anatomical constancy and on the calibre of these transverse veins. Under certain pathological conditions the variations of intracranial pressure result in contralateral venous drainage through these anterior and posterior anastomotic veins.Presented at the 5th Congress of the European Society of Neuroradiology-GEILO (Norway), 4–6 September 1975.     

L_4椎体前滑脱与邻近椎小关节结构变化相关性的CT研究

目的:通过测量L4椎体前滑脱的距离与邻近椎小关节的有关数据,观察两者间的关系。方法:对80例L4滑脱(滑脱组)和80例有腰部疼痛但无L4滑脱(对照组)的患者行64层CT扫描,对比分析邻近椎小关节结构及形态特点。测量邻近椎小关节冠状位、矢状位、横断位的角度、间隙,对获得的数据进行2组间t检验。结果:以L4为中心,分为上下关节;以中轴线为中心,分为右、左关节。2组椎小关节角度、间隙的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论:随着邻近椎小关节间隙逐渐变窄,冠状位、横断位角度逐渐变大,矢状位角度逐渐变小,L4椎体前滑脱的距离增大,且容易前滑脱。L4前滑脱距离≥4.33mm,对邻近椎小关节影响明显。     

乳腺病变X线立体定位钢丝置入移位的分析

目的分析乳腺立体定位下钢丝置入移位的表现、原因、处理方法，提高术前定位的准确性。方法行立体定位置入钢丝患者79例，96个病变，发生钢丝移位13例。结果立体定位中发生钢丝移位5例，原因分别来自于患者和操作医师；立体定位完成后钢丝移位5例，原因是局麻注射药物过多，导致乳腺Z轴的深度与计算机提示的实际深度不符合、放置定位针的方法不正确、拔出钢丝外套针套时疏忽钢丝是否已锚定病变。处理方法：可按照钢丝提示位置向病变方向移位2cm以内进行手术，重新放置第2根钢丝，将双J型钢丝收入针套并取出体外，重新定位。手术中钢丝脱出2例，因术后过分提拉钢丝所致，放射科医师放置钢丝后应向外科医师准确描述深度、方向，并从距离钢丝头端距离皮肤最近处取切口手术。术后标本未见钙化1例，与钙化位于手术电刀破坏的腺体内有关，可扩大范围切除并短期复查，证实钙化是否完整切除。结论正确认识乳腺X线立体定位下钢丝移位的表现，熟练掌握其处理方法，可提高对不可触及的乳腺病变的定位准确性，正确引导外科手术。     

山莨菪碱联用地塞米松对四氧化二氮爆炸致冲毒复合伤大鼠血气的影响

目的 通过复制N2O4爆炸致冲毒复合伤模型,研究山莨菪碱联用地塞米松对实验动物血气的影响。方法 采用健康雄性Wistar大鼠224只,随机分用：①模型组：冲击伤加N2O4染毒复合致伤;②山莨菪碱组：伤后即刻、伤后15min、伤后2h分别腹腔注射山莨碱3mg/kg,共3次;③地塞米松组：伤后即刻、15min、2h分别腹腔注射地塞米松10mg/kg,共3次。④山莨菪碱和地塞米松组：伤后3次注射山莨菪碱3mg/kg及地塞米松10mg/kg。结果 模型组血氧分压明显下降,二氧化碳分压上升,血红蛋白氧合能力下降,组织氧供下降,血液酸化明显。早期腹腔注射山莨菪碱或地塞米松对四氧化二氮冲毒复合伤动物血气变化有一定的抑制作用。而两者联合应用对血气变化有显著的逆转作用。结论 联合应用山莨菪碱和地塞米松对四氧化二氮冲毒复合伤的治疗有效。     

Anatomical variations in the anatomy of the posterolateral corner of the knee

This cadaveric study of 22 knees described the anatomy of the deeper structures of the posterolateral corner, the popliteus–tendon complex, arcuate ligament complex, the popliteofibular ligament, and the coronary ligament. Most variations occurred in the popliteofibular ligament; the variations and the different nomenclatures used in the literature for these structures make it difficult to diagnose and repair injuries to them. Untreated injuries may result in chronic functional instability to the posterolateral corner of the knee.     

肝炎后肝硬化脑波谱改变与肝脏MRI表现的相关性研究

目的：探讨肝炎后肝硬化患者脑波谱改变与肝脏MRI表现之间的关系。方法：49例肝炎后肝硬化患者均进行脑化学位移成像及肝脏MRI检查,测量脑内各代谢物的峰下面积,并以Cr为参照计算各代谢物峰下面积相对于Cr的比值。对肝脏MRI图像进行观察和测量,并评定肝脏分数,分析脑代谢物变化与肝脏MRI表现之间的关系。结果：mI及Cho的峰下面积及mI/Cr、Cho/Cr与肝脏分数呈负相关（r值分别为-0.948,-0.783,-0.942,-0.718,P＆lt;0.01）,Glx6峰下面积及Glx6/Cr与肝脏分数呈正相关（r值分别为0.763,0.886,P＆lt;0.01）。结论：肝炎后肝硬化患者脑内某些代谢物的变化与肝脏MRI改变之间关系密切。     

桥小脑角区肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨桥小脑角区肿瘤的MRI表现及特征,提高对桥小脑角区肿瘤的定性诊断水平。方法34例经手术和病理证实的桥小脑角区肿瘤,其中听神经瘤20例,脑膜瘤4例,三叉神经瘤3例,血管母细胞瘤2例,胆脂瘤、蛛网膜囊肿、动脉瘤、胶质瘤及转移瘤各1例。在静注Gd-DTPA前后均经SE,FSE序列磁共振成像。结果听神经瘤,脑膜瘤,三叉神经瘤为桥小脑角区最常见的肿瘤,该区肿瘤大部分有特征性MRI表现,术前定位、定性准确率分别为96.9%,94.1%。结论MRI在桥小脑角区肿瘤影像诊断中具有不可比拟的优势,可作为桥小脑角区肿瘤术前的首选检查方法。