Genes overexpressed in different human solid cancers exhibit different tissue-specific expression profiles

We have analyzed gene expression in different normal human tissues and different types of solid cancers derived from these tissues. The cancers analyzed include brain (astrocytoma and glioblastoma), breast, colon, endometrium, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, prostate, skin, and thyroid cancers. Comparing gene expression in each normal tissue to 12 other normal tissues, we identified 4,917 tissue-selective genes that were selectively expressed in different normal tissues. We also identified 2,929 genes that are overexpressed at least 4-fold in the cancers compared with the normal tissue from which these cancers were derived. The overlap between these two gene groups identified 1,340 tissue-selective genes that are overexpressed in cancers. Different types of cancers, including different brain cancers arising from the same lineage, showed differences in the tissue-selective genes they overexpressed. Melanomas overexpressed the highest number of brain-selective genes and this may contribute to melanoma metastasis to the brain. Of all of the genes with tissue-selective expression, those selectively expressed in testis showed the highest frequency of genes that are overexpressed in at least two types of cancer. However, colon and prostate cancers did not overexpress any testis-selective gene. Nearly all of the genes with tissue-selective expression that are overexpressed in cancers showed selective expression in tissues different from the cancers' tissue of origin. Cancers aberrantly expressing such genes may acquire phenotypic alterations that contribute to cancer cell viability, growth, and metastasis.     

Glucose information for tight glycemic control: different methods with different challenges

Rigorous glucose control is essential for prevention of diabetes-related complications in diabetes patients. Even without diabetes, tight glucose control is beneficial in hospitalized, critically ill patients. Actually, three different glucose measurement methods are used: (1) hand held devices, (2) blood-gas analyzers, and (3) laboratory analyzers in core laboratories. Each method is subject to specific challenges and limitations that can affect the overall system performance. In this article, we aim to demonstrate that even glucose measurement results from core laboratories (professional laboratory systems) do not necessarily reflect the absolute "true" glucose level of a patient.     

Recurrence of symptoms after mesh rectopexy: different reasons and different solutions

Techniques in Coloproctology -     

Pott's disease and different clinical presentations Pott's disease and different clinical presentations

Skeletal tuberculosis remains a potentially crippling disease in the developing world; particularly as it usually affects children and young adults. The spine is involved approximately 50% of bone and joint tuberculosis cases. The features of four spinal tuberculosis cases were looked over this article. Their ages were between 18 and 76 years. All of them were male and immunocompetent. Pain was the major complaint. There was no life-threatening neurological sign. Among them, a case who was admitted to the hospital with painful torticollis had upper cervical-lower thoracic spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses and peritoneal tuberculosis, but no pulmonary involvement. The other cases had thoracolumbal spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses and pulmonary tuberculosis of which miliary, chronic and new pulmonary tuberculosis. The whole diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis was made by radiographically-MRI and CT-. Specific antituberculous therapy with supportive care was begun and remarkable responses without surgical intervention were seen on them except miliary pulmonary tuberculosis case. The aim of this presentation was to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis so that adequate pharmacological treatment can be initiated to avoid serious complication.     

Homozygous FVII deficiencies with different reactivity towards tissue thromboplastins of different origin

Abstract

The reagents most frequently used for FVII activity assay are obtained by rabbit brain or human placenta. In recent years, human recombinant thromboplastins have received great attention. FVII activity in FVII deficiency is usually low, regardless of the thromboplastin used. There are a few exceptions to this rule. These are represented by FVII Padua (Arg304Gln), FVII Nagoya (Arg304Trp), and FVII (Arg79Gln). In these three instances, clear discrepancies were noted in the FVII activity depending on the thromboplastin used. This indicates that at least two areas of FVII are involved in tissue binding, namely an epidermal growth factor domain of the light chain (Arg79Gln) and the catalytic domain (Arg304), controlled by exons 4 and 8, respectively. Since these three variants are cross reactive material positive, namely they are Type 2 defects, all other variants with normal antigen should be investigated by a panel of at least three tissue thromboplastins (rabbit brain, human tissue or human recombinant, and ox brain derived) in order to obtain a satisfactory classification.     

Candida-associated gastric ulcer relapsing in a different position with a different appearance

An 87-year-old, Japanese woman was shown to have a submucosal tumor-like lesion with a deep, central ulceration covered with thick, whitish exudate in the stomach. Biopsy showed Candida tropicalis but not Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). She had no predisposing factors or history of peptic ulcers nor had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diagnosed with Candida-associated gastric ulcer. Though cured of the lesion, she developed another ulcer in a different position, in which Candida was demonstrated but H. pylori was undetectable. This is the first case of recurrent Candida-associated gastric ulcer in the world. Detected in both the original and recurrent lesions in an H. pylori-negative patient with no antecedent ulcers who had not taken NSAIDs, Candida is considered, contrary to the prevailing opinion, to play an etiologic role in ulcer formation.