生物可吸收材料治疗撕脱骨折

目的：研究分析应用生物聚酯人工韧带、可吸收棒、可吸收螺钉治疗撕脱骨折的方法、疗效、特点以及应用中的注意事项。方法：对37例患者行生物可吸收手术治疗并对相应的随访结果进行分析。结果：37例全部获得随访，随访时间6个月-3年8个月，平均18个月，疗效优29例，良8例，无差者。结论：此方法符合撕脱骨折的特点，具有良好的临床应用价值，无人体不良反应，免除患者二次手术痛苦，疗效满意。     

可吸收螺钉治疗青少年胫骨结节Watson-DoneⅡ、Ⅲ型撕脱骨折

目的 探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗Watson-DoneⅡ、Ⅲ型青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折的疗效.方法 对8例青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折采用切开复位可吸收螺钉固定,定期随访,按照HSS膝关节评分评估膝关节功能.结果 术后随访6～18个月,平均8.3个月.骨折均获得一期愈合,平均愈合时间8周.膝关节屈伸活动范围平均123°,HSS评分均为优.结论 切开复位可吸收螺钉固定治疗Watson-Jove Ⅱ、Ⅲ胫骨结节撕脱骨折,无须二次手术取出内固定,并获得良好的疗效.     

可吸收螺钉治疗青少年胫骨结节Watson—JoneⅡ、Ⅲ型撕脱骨折

目的探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗Watson-JoneⅡ、Ⅲ型青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折的疗效。方法对8例青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折采用切开复位可吸收螺钉固定,定期随访,按照HSS膝关节评分评估膝关节功能。结果术后随访6～18个月,平均8.3个月。骨折均获得一期愈合,平均愈合时间8周。膝关节屈伸活动范围平均123°,HSS评分均为优。结论切开复位可吸收螺钉固定治疗Watson—JoneⅡ、Ⅲ胫骨结节撕脱骨折,无须二次手术取出内固定,并获得良好的疗效。     

可吸收螺钉治疗青少年胫骨结节Watson-DoneⅡ、Ⅲ型撕脱骨折

目的 探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗Watson-DoneⅡ、Ⅲ型青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折的疗效.方法 对8例青少年胫骨结节撕脱骨折采用切开复位可吸收螺钉固定,定期随访,按照HSS膝关节评分评估膝关节功能.结果 术后随访6～18个月,平均8.3个月.骨折均获得一期愈合,平均愈合时间8周.膝关节屈伸活动范围平均123°,HSS评分...     

双U型可吸收线缝合治疗成人髌骨下极套状撕脱骨折

目的 探讨双U型可吸收线缝合治疗成人髌骨下极套状撕脱骨折的疗效.方法 对7例髌骨下极套状撕脱骨折采用双U型可吸收线缝合治疗.结果 7例均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,全部骨性愈合,愈合时间8～12周,术后12周完全恢复膝关节功能,无并发症发生.结论 双U型可吸收线缝合治疗成人髌骨下极套状撕脱骨折,创伤小、固定可靠、减少了二次手术的再损伤、可早期恢复功能活动、愈合快、并发症少.     

关节镜下可吸收缝线套扎治疗儿童前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨膝关节镜下可吸收缝线套扎治疗儿童前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效.方法 2010年7月~2013年5月,对18例儿童前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折在关节镜下应用可吸收缝线套扎固定骨折块.结果 术后X线示所有骨折复位满意.18例随访3～15个月,平均8个月.术后3个月X线片示骨折均愈合,17例前抽屉试验、Lachman试验查体均为阴性,1例前抽屉试验阴性,Lachman试验弱阳性,所有患者膝关节活动度正常,未发现影响骨骺发育现象.结论 关节镜下可吸收缝线套扎治疗儿童前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折,具有创伤小,恢复快,成本低廉,无须再次手术等优点,是一种可靠的方法.     

后路小直切口结合可吸收螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨附丽部撕脱骨折

目的总结应用后路小直切口可吸收螺钉治疗膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的效果。方法通过后路小直切口,应用可吸收螺钉及可吸收棒治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的45例患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果随访6～30个月,平均16个月,全部患者均获骨性愈合。根据Lysholm评分标准,优42例,良3例。无膝关节感染、骨折块再移位等并发症发生。结论可吸收螺钉及可吸收棒是治疗膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折安全有效的方法,可使患者免除二次取内固定手术,早期功能锻炼,但应严格掌握手术适应征。     

应用可吸收螺钉治疗前(后)交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折

目的：探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗前（后）交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折疗效。方法：对11例应用可吸收螺钉治疗前（后）交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折进行6个月－2年随访，平均随访时间为15个月。根据主观标准（病人的主观症状，关节稳定程序与关节功能等）与客观标准（抽屈试验，Lachman试验，X线检查结果等）进行评价。结果：膝关节功能主观标准评价满意率为90％。术前前交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折前抽屉试验阳性3例，Lachman试验阳性4例，术前后交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折后抽屉试验阳性100％。结论：应用可吸收螺钉治疗前（后）交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱骨折疗效满意，无需二次手术将其取出，值得推广应用。     

可吸收内固定物治疗关节部位骨折

目的 研究分析应用可吸收内固定物治疗关节部位骨折的方法、疗效、特点。方法 应用可吸收螺钉、可吸收棒治疗关节部位骨折66例并对临床效果进行分析。结果 61例获得随访，随访时间6～27个月，平均14个月，疗效优50例，良11例。结论 可吸收内固定物治疗关节部位骨折，符合关节部位骨折的特点，免除患者二次手术痛苦和骨关节周围软组织损伤，疗效可靠，具有良好的临床应用价值。     

钢丝结合空心加压钛螺钉或界面可吸收螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的治疗方法与疗效。方法对我科在2001年5月～2009年5月收治62例单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,采用钢丝结合空心加压钛螺丝钉或界面可吸收螺钉内固定治疗进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者术后无切口机关节内感染,亦无明显关节积液和积血。62例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间为6～16个月,平均10个月。所有患者膝关节功能恢复满意。结论钢丝结合空心加压钛螺钉或界面可吸收螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,方便简单,疗效优。     

Fracture Risk Following an Atypical Femoral Fracture

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occurring during the course of osteoporosis treatment usually lead to discontinuation of anti-resorptive (AR) drugs. However, the risk of fracture after an AFF is unknown. We conducted a follow-up study of patients with AFF matched 1:3 for age and gender with patients with a peripheral major osteoporotic fracture (pMOF), in the setting of a fracture liaison service, to investigate the incidence of subsequent low-trauma fractures. Fifty-five patients with AFF (95% women, age [mean ± standard deviation] 75 ± 10 years, 89% exposed to AR drugs), followed for 6.2 ± 3.7 years, were compared to 165 matched controls with a pMOF (hip 85%) followed for 4.3 ± 2.6 years. During the follow-up, 38% of patients in the AFF group and 16% in the pMOF group received AR therapies. Continuation of AR drugs after an AFF was associated with contralateral AFF in 27% of subjects. The risks of new low-trauma, major osteoporotic and imminent (within 2 years) fractures, were similar between the two groups: incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of subsequent fracture following AFF relative to pMOF, 1.30 (95% CI, 0.82–2.04), 1.28 (95% CI, 0.74–2.15), and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.54–2.15), respectively. Moreover, the risk of sustaining multiple fractures per participant was significantly increased among patients with AFF compared to pMOF (hazard ratio 1.48 [95% CI, 1.00–2.19]; p = 0.049). When taking mortality into account, the risk of subsequent fractures tended to be higher in the AFF group (sub-hazard ratio 1.42 [95% CI, 0.95–2.12]). In conclusion, patients who sustained an AFF are at high risk of subsequent fragility fractures, at least equal or even greater to the risk observed after a pMOF. However, continuation of AR drugs increases the risk of contralateral AFF. Therefore, optimal modalities for secondary fracture prevention after AFF require further evaluation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

Paratrooper's Ankle Fracture: Posterior Malleolar Fracture

BackgroundWe assessed the frequency and types of ankle fractures that frequently occur during parachute landings of special operation unit personnel and analyzed the causes.MethodsFifty-six members of the special force brigade of the military who had sustained ankle fractures during parachute landings between January 2005 and April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The injury sites and fracture sites were identified and the fracture types were categorized by the Lauge-Hansen and Weber classifications. Follow-up surveys were performed with respect to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, patient satisfaction, and return to preinjury activity.ResultsThe patients were all males with a mean age of 23.6 years. There were 28 right and 28 left ankle fractures. Twenty-two patients had simple fractures and 34 patients had comminuted fractures. The average number of injury and fractures sites per person was 2.07 (116 injuries including a syndesmosis injury and a deltoid injury) and 1.75 (98 fracture sites), respectively. Twenty-three cases (41.07%) were accompanied by posterior malleolar fractures. Fifty-five patients underwent surgery; of these, 30 had plate internal fixations. Weber type A, B, and C fractures were found in 4, 38, and 14 cases, respectively. Based on the Lauge-Hansen classification, supination-external rotation injuries were found in 20 cases, supination-adduction injuries in 22 cases, pronation-external rotation injuries in 11 cases, tibiofibular fractures in 2 cases, and simple medial malleolar fractures in 2 cases. The mean follow-up period was 23.8 months, and the average follow-up American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score was 85.42. Forty-five patients (80.36%) reported excellent or good satisfaction with the outcome.ConclusionsPosterior malleolar fractures occurred in 41.07% of ankle fractures sustained in parachute landings. Because most of the ankle fractures in parachute injuries were compound fractures, most cases had to undergo surgical repairs.     

新型跟骨钢板治疗跟骨骨折

目的研究和评估切开复位治疗跟骨骨折及跟骨钢板在跟骨骨折治疗中的作用.方法为18例跟骨骨折患者行切开复位跟骨钢板内固定.结果18例中15例获随访≥12个月.所有病例均完全愈合,无1例发生钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症.结论AO新型钢板能提供有效的固定节段稳定性,是治疗跟骨骨折较好的内植物,为临床提供了一个良好的治疗跟骨骨折的方法.     

踝关节骨折中后踝骨折的治疗分析

目的通过对踝关节骨折伴有后踝骨折术后病人进行回顾性研究,探讨创伤类型、受伤后施行手术的时间、手术方法及不同年龄的治疗效果,总结经验,为临床工作提供参考。方法选取1999年1月～2007年12月确诊为踝关节骨折伴有后踝骨折并行切开复位内固定者65例,针对不同创伤类型采取不同手术方法,对相关资料进行统计学分析,以确定上述相关因素对术后功能恢复的影响。结果65例随访平均38个月。踝关节术后功能在伤后实施手术时间及所采用的手术方法方面差异无明显统计学意义(P=0.660,P=0.865),但在年龄和创伤类型方面差异有明显的统计学意义(P=0.018,P=0.001)。结论年龄及创伤类型是影响踝关节骨折伴后踝骨折术后关节功能的主要因素。     

Importance of Recent Fracture as Predictor of Imminent Fracture Risk

Purpose of Review

To examine the importance of recent fracture as a predictor of imminent fracture risk, review the importance of prior fracture type and timing, and identify risk factors for recurrent osteoporotic fracture.

Recent Findings

Prior fracture type and timing impact risk of subsequent fracture that is largely independent of bone mineral density. Site of re-fracture is similar to original major osteoporotic fracture. Incidence of recurrent major osteoporotic fracture is greatest within the first year. Other risk factors include those that pertain to individual characteristics. Approved osteoporosis therapies reduce risk of recurrent fracture.

Summary

Prior fracture timing, type, and individual characteristics are important components of predicting the risk of future fracture. Initiation of osteoporosis medication therapy should be started after initial fracture to reduce the risk of future fracture, though these medications typically take 6–12 months to have an effect, during which time is the highest rate of imminent re-fracture.

     

髋臼骨折

髋臼骨折的早期诊断与治疗大多数髋臼骨折为高能量撞击伤,常伴有生命危险。早期急救可包括输液、血管造影、手术内固定和牵引治疗。早期内固定无明显优点,急性损伤必须等病情稳定后再手术。在急性动力性出血的病人,开腹探查血管造影是控制出血的有利的治疗措施,血管造影对骨折后臀上A出血的诊断非常有用,出血的部位常在坐骨大切迹。开放性骨盆与髋臼骨折有很高的死亡率,需要早期诊断及固定,此种损伤也常合并长骨骨折。通常骨盆正位像仅作为了解骨折的大致程度。Judet位（髂骨斜位与闭孔斜位）和CT用以了解骨折的损伤类型及手术与否…