鼠视网膜的免疫原性

为探讨视网膜的免疫原性,选择ＤＢＡ／２鼠（ＭＨＣ为Ｈ－２＾ｄ）为供体,Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６（ＭＨＣ为Ｈ－２＾ｂ）或ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠（ＭＨＣ为Ｈ－２＾ｄ）为受体,把ＤＢＡ／２鼠的半个视网膜移植于受体鼠的皮下,２周后检测迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）和细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）。结果示移植组的迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）和细胞介导的细胞毒效应（ＣＴＬ）均低于阳性对照ＤＢＡ／２鼠脾细胞组,高于阴性对照假手术组。提示ＤＢ     

视网膜下间隙移植免疫赦免的实验研究

目的：探讨视网膜下间隙的免疫学特点。方法：将ＤＭＥＭ，同源视网膜，ＤＢＡ／２鼠视网膜加或不加完全福氏佐剂（ＣＦＡ）和人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）分别植入ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠的视网膜下间隙，２周后检测迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）、细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）的特异杀伤率及行眼组织病理学检查。结果：实验组ＤＴＨ与阴性对照ＤＭＥＭ组无显著性差异，但ＣＴＬ的特异杀伤率与ＤＭＥＭ组存在显著性差异。ＤＢＡ／２鼠视网膜移植物存活。人ＰＢＭＣ移植发生免疫排斥反应。结论：视网膜下间隙移植，发生一定限度的免疫赦免     

视网膜下间隙移植免疫赦免的实验研究

探讨视网膜下间隙的免疫学特点。方法：将ＤＭＥＭ，同源视网膜，ＤＢＡ／２鼠视网膜加或不加完全福氏佐剂和人外周血单个核细胞分别植入ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠的视网膜下间隙，２周后检测迟发型超敏反应，细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞的特异杀伤率及行眼组织病理学检查。     

一种检测异基因骨移植后供体植活的巢式PCR方法

目的 利用ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ（Ｈ－２Ｋ＾ｄ）和Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６（Ｈ－２Ｋ＾ｂ）小鼠Ｈ－２Ｋ等位基因不同,建立一种检测异基因骨髓移植后供体植活的方法。方法 分别以供鼠（ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ）和受鼠（Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６）及ａｌｌｏ－ＢＭＴ后小鼠骨髓和脾细胞ＤＮＡ为模板进行巢式ＰＣＲ,并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析ＰＣＲ扩增产物。结果 以供鼠和移植后小鼠骨髓和脾细胞ＤＮＡ行巢式ＰＣＲ可扩增了约４２１ｂｐ的特异性片段,而未经移植的Ｃ     

50例急性心肌梗塞患者血脂水平检测报告

目的：对脂质代谢与ＡＭＩ之间的关系进行研究。方法：采用酶法检测血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和甘油三酯（ＴＧ）；用磷钨酸钠Ｍｇ２＋一步沉淀法检测高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬＣ）及其亚组分（ＨＤＬ２Ｃ和ＨＤＬ３Ｃ）；用单向火箭负度电泳法检测载脂蛋白ＡＩ（ａｐｏＡＩ）和载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）对ＡＭＩ患者（５０例）和对照组（６０例）进行取血检测。结果：疾病组血清ＴＧ，ａｐｏＢ水平比对照组明显升高，两组比较差异有显著性（ｔ＝２．１１４，３．３８９，Ｐ均＜０．０５）；而ＨＤＬＣ，ＨＤＬ２Ｃ，ａｐｏＡＩ水平及ＨＤＬ２Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３Ｃ，ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ比值比对照组明显降低，两组间比较差异均有显著意义（ｔ＝１．９９６～２．７６２，Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１）；结论：血清ａｐｏＢ水平升高可促进冠心病动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展     

异基因骨髓移植存活小鼠发生"特异性"免疫耐受的研究

目的通过对异基因骨髓移植（ＡＬＬＯ－ＢＭＴ）存活小鼠及其皮片移植的观察,以判断ＡＬＬＯ－ＢＭＴ小鼠是否建立了特异性的兔疫耐受机制。方法（１）给Ａ组受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠注射生理盐水,给Ｂ组受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠移植供者Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ｊ（Ｈ－２ｂ）小鼠的骨髓细胞;（２）将供者Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ｊ（Ｈ－２ｂ）和ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ（Ｈ－２ｄ）小鼠的尾部皮片原位移植给ＡＬＬＯ—ＢＭＴ后存活６０ ｄ以上的受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠和未经任何处理的ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠,观察１００ ｄ。结果（１）Ａ组受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠平均存活时间（１０．６土１．３）ｄ显著短于Ｂ组的受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１（Ｈ－２ｂｄ）小鼠平均存活时间（３６．９±１０．８）ｄ（ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）ＩＩ组中进行ＡＬＬＯ－ＢＭＴ后存活６０ ｄ以上的受者ＣＢ６Ｆ１只接受来自Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ｊ小鼠的皮片而排斥来自ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ／小鼠的皮片,而Ｉ组中未经任何处理的 ＣＢ６Ｆ１小鼠排斥来自 Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ｊ和 ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ ／ｃ小鼠的皮片。结论经 γ射线照射并移植有Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ｊ 小鼠异基因骨髓且能长期存活的ＣＢ６Ｆ１小鼠建立了较完全的供者型免疫耐     

体外检测近交系小鼠HBsAg特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞方法的建立

通过磷酸钙法用含ＨＢＶＳ基因的质粒ｐＲｃ／ＣＭＶＳ与含筛选标记基因—ｎｅｏｒ基因的质粒ｐＳＶ２ｎｅｏ对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ近交系小鼠肥大细胞瘤细胞株—Ｐ８１５细胞进行了质粒共转染，并经Ｇ４１８筛选得到了Ｇ４１８抗性细胞，即Ｐ８１５Ｓ细胞。斑点杂交和免疫组化实验分别证实Ｐ８１５Ｓ细胞内有ＨＢＶＳ基因的存在；Ｐ８１５Ｓ细胞浆内和膜上有ＨＢｓＡｇ的表达。表明了Ｐ８１５Ｓ细胞可作为体外检测ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性ＣＴＬ的靶细胞。进一步对Ｐ８１５Ｓ细胞成功地进行５１Ｃｒ标记，以及标记靶细胞５１Ｃｒ最大释放值和自然释放值的测定表明：利用５１Ｃｒ释放法体外检测近交系小鼠（ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ）ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性ＣＴＬ功能的方法被建立。     

CD3AK细胞和LAK细胞的表型测定

用抗ＣＤ＿３抗体和低剂量ＩＬ－２以及单独用高剂量ＩＬ－２分别诱生正常鼠、免疫鼠脾细胞为ＣＤ＿３ＡＫ细胞和ＬＡＫ细胞。用间接免疫荧光法和微云细胞毒实验两种方法测定培养４ｄ和９ｄ的细胞表型。结果：正常鼠ＣＤ＿３ＡＫ和ＬＡＫ细胞中ＣＤ＿３与ＣＤ＿８阳性细胞率均高于诱生前正常鼠脾细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。正常鼠ＣＤ＿３ＡＫ细胞中，ＣＤ＿３与ＣＤ＿８阳性细胞率明显高于正常鼠ＬＡＫ细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。免疫鼠ＣＤ＿３ＡＫ与正常鼠ＣＤ＿３ＡＫ的表型相似，而免疫鼠ＬＡＫ细胞的ＣＤ＿８阳性细胞率显著增加，明显高于正常鼠ＬＡＫ细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

噬菌体呈现颗粒疫苗诱导抗肿瘤细胞毒性T细胞反应

目的 构建呈现肿瘤相关抗原Ｐ８１５Ａ的噬菌体颗粒,在体诱导针对肥大细胞瘤Ｐ８１５的特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）反应。方法 构建呈现ＣＴＬ表位ＰＩＡ３５－４３的噬菌粒载体,大量制备呈现此表位的重组噬菌体颗粒、小剂量、无佐剂皮上免疫ＤＢＡ／２小鼠（Ｈ－２＾ｄ）,采用＾５１Ｃｒ释放法、ＥＬＩＳＰＯＴ观察针对肥大细胞瘤Ｐ８１５的ＣＴＬ反应。结果 重组噬菌体呈现颗粒疫苗在体诱导了针对弱抗原Ｐ８１５Ａ的ＣＴ     

转化生长因子β1基因修饰的小鼠树突状细胞在移植体内的迁移与生存

目的观察β型转化生长因子（ＴＧＦβ１）基因修饰的Ｂ１０小鼠骨髓树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在Ｃ３Ｈ小鼠体内的迁移和存活,以探讨ＤＣ生物学特性与移植耐受性的关系。方法从Ｂ１０小鼠骨髓分离ＤＣ前体细胞,在粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子＋β型转化生长因子（ＧＭＣＳＦ＋ＴＧＦβ）条件下培养增殖（ＤＣ１）,并转导ＡｄＬａｃＺ（ＤＣ２）或ＡｄＴＧＦβ１（ＤＣ３）。每组５×１０５个细胞注入Ｃ３Ｈ小鼠后掌皮下,分别于第１、２、７及１４天取淋巴器官,以免疫组织化学方法检测ＩＡｂ阳性细胞的分布及数量。结果各组ＤＣ在Ｃ３Ｈ小鼠体内的迁移及分布均相似,即ＩＡｂ阳性细胞首先出现在窝淋巴结被膜下,继而迁入脾的Ｔ细胞依赖区和边缘区,第７天脾内阳性细胞数达顶峰。与ＤＣ１组相比,ＤＣ２在脾内的阳性细胞数减少,ＤＣ３阳性细胞数在各时间点都为最高。结论ＤＣ经转导ＡｄＬａｃＺ,可增加其免疫活性,使宿主加速排斥反应;而转导ＡｄＴＧＦβ１可使ＴＧＦβＤＣ表达ＴＧＦβ１,维持ＤＣ于功能不成熟状态,从而提高宿主的耐受性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.