牛黄参胶囊对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察牛黄参胶囊对卡介苗(BCG)联合脂多糖(LPS)所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型的保护作用,并探讨牛黄参胶囊抗肝损伤的作用机制。方法采用尾静脉注射BCG加LPS诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,观察牛黄参胶囊对肝损伤小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA),肝组织匀浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的影响。结果牛黄参胶囊高、中剂量组能降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST含量,提高肝匀浆SOD活性、降低MDA水平,且可抑制细胞毒因子TNF-α、IL-6的释放,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论牛黄参胶囊对BCG联合LPS诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

鱼腥草对免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究鱼腥草对免疫性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用及可能机制。方法采用卡介苗+脂多糖诱导的免疫性肝损伤大鼠模型,检测不同组别大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素1-β(IL-1β)的变化。结果与模型组比较,鱼腥草高、中剂量(0.6、0.3 g/kg)均可显著降低大鼠血清ALT、AST酶活性;显著降低TP、ALB、TNF-α和IL-1β的含量,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论鱼腥草对免疫性肝损伤大鼠具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与其降低血清AST、ALT、TNF-α和IL-1β有关。     

清肝浸膏对实验性肝损伤模型细胞因子水平的影响

目的研究清肝浸膏对实验性肝损伤模型细胞因子水平的影响。方法采用D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)诱导大鼠的急性肝损伤模型,用卡介苗联合脂多糖(BCG LPS)诱导小鼠的免疫性肝损伤模型,观察清肝浸膏不同剂量组对血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)和白介素-18(IL-18)活性的影响。结果清肝浸膏能明显降低肝损伤模型的转氨酶水平,并能降低D-氨基半乳糖所致急性肝损伤模型大鼠血清中的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8含量(P<0.01),也能明显降低BCG LPS诱导的免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清中的TNF-α、IL-18含量(P<0.01)。结论清肝浸膏对实验性肝损伤模型有一定的保护作用,其保护作用的机制可能和降低细胞因子的水平有关。     

新型姜黄素对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤预防和保护作用

目的 :研究新型姜黄素对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的预防和保护作用。方法 :50只小鼠被随机均分为正常组、模型组和受试物组。正常组每天灌胃蒸馏水,模型组每天灌胃酒精,受试物组每天分别灌胃酒精和水飞蓟素、姜黄素的混合液。4周后,检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)含量,检测被测试动物血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)指标。肝组织行苏木精-伊红染色观察肝脏病理改变。结果 :与模型组相比,干预组能显著降低ALT、AST和TG的含量;血清TNF-α、IL-6的水平明显降低;改善肝细胞的脂肪性病理改变。结论 :姜黄素能减轻肝损伤,对小鼠酒精性脂肪肝具有良好的干预作用,其作用机制可能与抑制TNF-α和IL-6因子的表达有关。     

升清降浊丸对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠细胞因子TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ的影响

目的:观察升清降浊丸对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠细胞因子的作用机理。方法:将90只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,正常对照组,BCG+LPS模型组,香菇多糖片阳性药+BCG+LPS对照组,中药小剂量+BCG+LPS组,中药中剂量+BCG+LPS组,中药大剂量+BCG+LPS组,各组分别给予相应药物。观察升清降浊丸对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠细胞因子TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ的影响。结果:实验中升清降浊丸能明显抑制肝损伤小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;抑制细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子,白介素6(TNF-α,IL-6)的水平;降低脾细胞产生Thl型细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的能力;降低Th2型细胞因子白介素4(IL-4)的含量。结论:升清降浊丸对细胞免疫和体液免疫均有一定的调节作用。     

加味硝石矾石散对免疫性肝损伤影响的实验研究

实验诱导小鼠免疫肝损伤模型,检测其丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性增高。加味硝石矾石散能明显降低小鼠血清ALT、AST活性,并在其作用效果上存在一定的量效关系;并能抑制细胞因子(IL-6、TNF-α)的水平升高,且其效果与药量呈正相关关系。     

右美托咪定对肝缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠炎性因子及肾功能的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对肝缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠炎性因子及肾功能的影响。方法选择Wistar大鼠36只,分为对照组、缺血再灌注损伤模型组(I/R组)、右美托咪定干预组(Dex组),I/R组和Dex组建立肝脏缺血再灌注损伤模型,给予Dex组右美托咪定干预。再灌注后12 h,采集血清并测定ALT、AST、BUN、Cr的水平,收集肝脏组织并测定炎性因子的水平。结果再灌注后12 h,I/R组大鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的水平高于对照组,Dex组大鼠血清中ALT、AST的水平低于I/R组(均P<0.05);I/R组大鼠肝脏组织中白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平高于对照组,Dex组大鼠肝脏组织中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的水平低于I/R组(均P<0.05);I/R组大鼠血清中尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)的水平高于对照组,Dex组大鼠血清中BUN、Cr的水平低于I/R组(均P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定能够减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠的肝损伤,改善肾功能,其机制与抑制炎性因子释放有关。     

肝舒乐片对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6表达的影响

目的:研究肝舒乐片对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFL)大鼠肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响。方法:用高脂饲料诱发大鼠NAFL模型,同时给予肝舒乐片干预,连续56 d后,光镜下观察肝脏组织病理形态和TNF-α、IL-6的表达,检测肝组织三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)与血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),并与正常对照组比较。结果:肝舒乐片组的肝组织脂肪变性明显改善,免疫组织化学表明其显著降低肝组织TNF-α、IL-6的表达,同时肝组织TG、TC与血清AST、ALT含量降低,与模型对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肝舒乐片能有效防治NAFL。降低肝组织TNF-α、IL-6的表达,调节细胞因子,可能是其作用机制之一。     

维生素D3对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨维生素D₃对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法 40只小鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组(Control组)、单纯维生素D₃组(VitD₃组)、酒精组(EtOH组)及酒精+维生素D₃组(EtOH+VitD₃组)。采用Lieber-DeCarli酒精液体饲料喂养小鼠制备酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平以及肝指数,HE染色观察肝脏病理形态学改变,qRT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-1β的mRNA相对表达水平,Western blot检测肝脏NF-κB p65和NF-κB p50蛋白表达。结果 与Control组比较,EtOH组小鼠血清ALT、AST活力、肝指数及肝组织TNF-α、TGF-β、IL-6和IL-1β mRNA水平显著升高,EtOH组肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝小叶界限不清,肝细胞出现明显炎性细胞浸润和脂肪空泡,NF-κB p65和NF-κB p50...     

丁酸钠对内毒素性肝损伤小鼠促炎与抗炎因子的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量丁酸钠预处理对内毒素性肝损伤小鼠促炎与抗炎因子的影响。方法:取健康雄性昆明小鼠72只,随机分为6组(n=12):正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组、丁酸钠低、中和高剂量组。应用脂多糖10mg/kg腹腔注射小鼠诱导内毒素肝损伤模型。造模后6h,检测小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)和IL-10的含量。结果:与模型组相比,丁酸钠低、中和高剂量组血清ALT、AST、TNF-α和IFN-γ含量明显降低(P0.05),IL-4和IL-10量明显增高(P0.05)。但丁酸钠各剂量组之间差异无统计学意义。结论:丁酸钠预处理可以抑制内毒素肝损伤小鼠炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制TNF-α和IFN-γ的释放,提高IL-4和IL-10的含量,促进致炎介质与抗炎介质的平衡有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.