海口市550名医学生膳食营养状况

目的了解海口市医学生膳食营养状况,为改善学生膳食质量提供指导意见。方法采用24h膳食回顾法,记录550名医学生连续5d的膳食情况,利用营养计算器V6.0版及Excel软件对结果进行分析。结果大多数学生能量、维生素A、维生素C、钙等营养素摄入量不足,男生膳食维生素A、维生素C、钙的摄入量分别为推荐摄入量的63.63%,50.00%及44.63%,女生分别为61.00%,50.00%和44.13%,女生能量摄入量为推荐摄入量的81.60%。膳食钙磷比男、女生分别为0.31和0.40。早、中、晚三餐能量分配分别为18%,43%和39%。结论海口市医学生膳食结构不够合理,应增加能量、维生素A、维生素C、钙的摄入量。     

兰州地区部分医学生膳食结构分析

目的了解兰州地区18~25岁医学生的膳食结构,为进一步进行营养干预提供依据。方法采用记帐法结合24h膳食回顾法、称重法对252名医学生进行连续5d的膳食调查。结果医学生膳食构成的食物种类较齐全,以谷类、薯类为主,但男、女生蔬菜摄入量分别达到参考摄入量的32.8%和30.4%,男生水果类、乳类摄入量分别只能达到参考摄入量的12.0%和49.0%,女生鱼禽肉类、蛋类摄入量分别只能达到参考摄入量的70.7%和65.0%,男、女生三餐外纯能量食物摄入量分别占全天纯能量食物摄入量的15.1%和18.2%。结论医学生膳食结构的进一步完善应以树立平衡膳食、合理营养的理念教育,结合必要的营养强化补充为思路。     

石河子大学少数民族医学生膳食和营养状况

目的 通过对石河子大学医学院少数民族学生进行体格检查和膳食营养状况调查,为少数民族大学生膳食营养指导提供依据.方法 采用24 h回顾法与称重法进行膳食调查,了解少数民族大学生膳食结构、能量及各营养素摄入状况;通过测量身高、体重和腰围,了解其生长发育状况.结果 少数民族大学生膳食构成以粮谷类为主,动物性食物摄入量略低于正常,蔬菜、水果摄入量严重不足,维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、维生素C和钙严重缺乏.蛋白质、铁平均摄入量能达到推荐摄入量,但优质蛋白质仅占蛋白质总摄入量的22.19％,血红素铁摄入量仅占铁总摄入量的4.69％.能量摄入男女生均不足.男、女生消瘦人数分别占男、女生总人数的10.42％和22.12％,腹型肥胖人数分别占男、女生总人数的20.83％和1.77％.结论 少数民族大学生膳食结构、饮食习惯不合理,能量及大部分营养素摄入不足,男、女生均存在一定程度营养不良,应加强对少数民族大学生的营养知识教育,提高膳食营养质量,改善身体健康状况.     

惠州学院164名在校女生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解女大学生膳食营养状况,为开展高校膳食营养教育提供参考。方法采用24h膳食记录法和查帐法对惠州学院164名随机抽样的女大学生进行连续3d的膳食调查,通过实验室检查进行营养状况评价。结果惠州学院在校女生能量摄入量只占RNI的73%,钙摄入量只占RNI的42%;碳水化合物、维生素B1、维生素B2、铁、锌摄入量不足;动物性食品偏少;血液钙、镁、铁、铜、锌浓度偏低。结论惠州学院女生膳食结构不合理,应调整膳食结构,增加动物性食物的摄入,提高膳食能量、钙、维生素B1、维生素B2、微量元素的摄入量。     

某高校205名预防医学专业学生膳食营养状况调查

[目的]了解某高校205名预防医学专业大学生膳食营养状况,发现存在的问题,为大学生的平衡膳食、合理营养提供科学依据。[方法]整群抽样方法抽取预防医学专业2009级和2010级205名大学生,采用24 h膳食回顾法进行调查,依据中国营养学会2013年修订的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》标准(DRIs)和中国营养学会2007年制定的《中国居民膳食指南》进行评价。[结果]预防医学专业大学生膳食结构存在一些不合理,主要以谷类为主,禽畜肉类摄入较多,而鱼虾类、奶类、蔬菜类摄入量未达到推荐量;热能、视黄醇当量、钙的摄入量偏低;2009级学生维生素B1、维生素B2的摄入量偏低,2010级学生除热能、钙、视黄醇当量摄入量未达到推荐量外,其余均达到推荐量,两个年级各营养素摄入量比较差别无统计学意义;男、女生的早餐热能摄入量偏低,晚餐偏高,男、女生三大热能营养素供能百分比之间差异无统计学意义;205名大学生钙磷比例失衡。[结论]该高校预防医学专业学生的膳食结构存在较多问题,且三餐热能分配不合理,建议增加鱼虾类、奶类、水果类食物的摄入,减少禽畜肉类的摄入量,增加早餐的能量摄入,减少晚餐能量,并加强对学生平衡膳食、合理营养的科学指导。     

石河子大学维吾尔和哈萨克族大学生膳食调查

目的 分析石河子大学维吾尔和哈萨克族大学生在校期间膳食营养状况.方法 采用24 h回顾法与称重法相结合,了解石河子大学维吾尔与哈萨克族大学生在校期间膳食结构、能量及各营养素摄入状况.结果 维吾尔和哈萨克族大学生在校期间膳食构成以谷类为主,蔬菜水果、鱼虾类及奶类摄入量明显偏低.这些食物摄入量偏低也导致了膳食纤维、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C、叶酸和钙摄入不足.维吾尔族男生粮谷类和部分动物性食物摄入量高于哈萨克族,哈萨克族男生豆类豆制品摄入量高于维吾尔族男生.维吾尔族女生粮谷类、乳类及乳制品和其他食品的摄入量高于哈萨克族.在各营养素方面,维吾尔族女生能量、维生素A、钙摄入量高于哈萨克族女生.结论 石河子大学维吾尔和哈萨克族大学生在校期间膳食构成有很大的相似之处,普遍存在膳食结构不合理以及严重的维生素和钙的摄入不足问题,应充分重视少数民族大学生的食物消费及膳食结构对其健康状况产生的影响,积极倡导合理饮食.     

攀枝花学院护理专业学生膳食状况调查

目的 了解攀枝花学院护理专业学生的膳食状况,为采取营养干预措施提供依据.方法 随机整群抽取攀枝花学院医学院241名护理专业学生为调查对象,采用24 h回顾法,连续调查7 d膳食情况.结果 攀枝花学院护理专业学生膳食以粮谷类为主食,男生摄入量达到推荐摄入量低限的120.9%,女生摄入量为推荐摄入量低限的89.8%,男、女生各类食物摄取量除豆制品外均偏低;能量、蛋白质、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C和钙摄入不足,视黄醇和铁的摄取量充足;早餐能量不足,晚餐能量偏高.结论 攀枝花学院护理专业学生应适当增加粮谷类、奶类、鱼肉类、蔬菜水果的摄入量,尤其增加早餐能量摄入.     

洛阳市某县寄宿制初中学生膳食营养状况

目的 了解寄宿制中学学生的营养状况,为促进学生合理营养和有针对性地采取干预措施提供依据.方法 用称重法与记账法相结合,对洛阳市某寄宿制中学576名寄宿中学生进行膳食调查,依据<食物成分表>、<中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量>进行评价.结果 学生膳食中蛋白质主要来源于谷类等植物性蛋白,而提供优质蛋白质的肉类、蛋类、奶类和水产类食物摄入量明显偏低.学生能量、蛋白质、脂肪和维生素C摄入量均有不同程度的不足,其中视黄醇当量(男生624.3μg,女生474.7 μ,g)、维生素B2(男生0.9 mg,女生0.6mg)和钙(男生602.6 mg,女生493.0 mg)的摄入量均严重不足,钙摄入量远低于推荐摄入量.结论 应加强膳食营养教育,尤其要加强学校食堂的营养配餐,改善学生膳食结构,从而提高学生营养水平.     

医学生膳食营养状况调查

目的 了解医学院校学生膳食营养状况,为开展营养教育提供科学依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法对249名医学生进行连续3 d 24 h回顾法和称重法膳食调查.结果 医学生食物构成以谷类、蔬菜、水果和肉禽水产类食物为主,但男生的谷类和肉禽水产类食物的摄入量显著高于女生(P＜0.05),而女生的水果和奶及奶制品摄入量高于男生(P＜0.05),有53.3%的男生和50.2%的女生优质蛋白质摄入量达不到蛋白质摄入总量的1/3.男生的VA、VB2、钙、血红素铁和女生的VA、VB1、VB2、钙、锌、血红素铁均不到推荐摄入量的90%.男生一日三餐能量分配早餐为18.84%、午餐为38.68%、晚餐为42.48%.女生一日三餐能量分配情况为早餐为23.03%、午餐为39.89%、晚餐为37.09%.结论 有必要对医学生开展针对性的营养教育,增加蔬菜水果、奶类、豆类和动物瘦肉类的摄入,以提高优质蛋白质、钙、动物源性铁、维生素A摄入量,改善该人群营养状况.     

重庆工商大学体育专业学生膳食营养状况

目的了解重庆工商大学体育专业学生膳食营养状况,为体育专业大学生营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用24 h回顾法,对240名学生进行连续7 d膳食调查。结果男、女生膳食营养状况均较差,能量、蛋白质摄入量低于推荐摄入量(RNIs)标准的人数,男生分别占83.51%和76.60%,女生分别占96.15%和78.85%;男、女生钙、锌、硒、视黄醇当量、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C等摄入量也低于推荐摄入量(RNIs)标准。结论学生膳食营养状况较差,膳食结构不合理。应全面增加各种营养素摄入量,同时改进不良膳食行为和增加膳食费用。     

大理医学院部分女大学生膳食营养状况分析

目的：了解医学院女大学生膳食素摄入情况。方法：采用24h膳食记录和称重法，连续3d调查医大二、三年级女生膳食，并进行实验室生化检查，结果：护理专业女生能量摄入量只达RDA的45．2％，早餐占全日热量的17．7％，动物性脂肪大于植物性脂肪，蛋白质主要来源于植物性食品，优质蛋白质摄入量适宜；钙、维生素A、维生素B2摄入量不足。结论：该医学院女大学生膳食状况离平衡膳食相差较远，能量摄入严重不足，建议调整膳食结构，提高膳食能量，植物性脂肪、维生素A、维生素B2的摄入量，减少动物性脂肪摄入量。     

Weight-control behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: implications for dietary intake

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between healthful and unhealthful weight-control behaviors and dietary intake among adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey (Project EAT [Eating Among Teens]).Subjects/Setting The study population included 4144 middle and high school students from Minneapolis/St. Paul public schools from diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds.Statistical analyses Dietary intake patterns were compared across adolescent girls and boys reporting unhealthful, only healthful, or no weight-control behaviors in unadjusted analyses and analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors and energy intake. RESULTS: Among girls, mean intakes differed across weight-control behaviors for all foods and nutrients examined. P values ranged from P=.006 to P<.001. Girls using unhealthful weight-control behaviors had significantly lower intakes of fruit; vegetables; grains; calcium; iron; vitamins A, C, and B-6; folate; and zinc than girls using only healthful weight-control behaviors. Compared with girls reporting no weight-control behaviors, girls using unhealthful weight-control behaviors had lower intakes of grains, calcium, iron, vitamin B-6, folate, and zinc. In contrast to the girls, boys reporting unhealthful weight-control behaviors did not have poorer dietary intakes than boys not using weight-control behaviors or using only healthful behaviors. Among boys, there were no significant differences in mean intakes of vegetables; grains; calcium; iron; vitamins A, C, and B-6; folate; and zinc. Furthermore, boys using unhealthful weight-control behaviors had higher fruit intakes (P=.002) than boys reporting no weight-control behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent girls who engage in unhealthful weight-control behaviors are at increased risk for dietary inadequacy. The findings demonstrate a need for interventions to prevent unhealthful weight-control behaviors in adolescent girls, and to promote healthful weight-control behaviors when indicated.     

四川大学医学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解高校医学生的膳食营养状况，为提高大学生的营养水平提供依据。方法编制半定量食物频率问卷，检验其信度和效度，并以此为调查工具，对330名医学生进行膳食调查。结果医学生的食物构成以粮谷类、蔬菜水果类、肉类为主，但能量来源比例不合理，脂肪供能过高，碳水化合物供能过低；钙摄入不足，优质蛋白质、动物源性铁与维生素A摄入不足。结论应教育学生合理改进膳食结构，增加优质蛋白质、碳水化合物、钙、动物源性铁，维生素A摄入量，以提高营养水平。     

What sort of teenager has low intakes of energy nutrients?

An alternative statistical technique, based on analysis of the 25th percentile, was used to examine teenagers' diets. The technique was developed to identify personal characteristics that affected the prevalence of low energy and nutrient intakes. It provided useful information not obtainable from methods based on average intakes. The study sample was a representative sample of 1055 high-school students in Tasmania, Australia, aged 11-16 years. Among girls, different characteristics had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes ('low' being defined as below the 25th percentile for girls). Fatness had the greatest influence for several dietary components. Fatter girls were more likely to have low intakes of energy, carbohydrate, iron, calcium and niacin-equivalent, and also of 'empty-energy' foods. School type had the greatest influence for fat, riboflavin and vitamin A. Exercise had the greatest influence for protein, low intakes being more usual among the least active girls. Among boys, height and age generally had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes ('low' being defined as below the 25th percentile for boys). Taller and older boys were less likely to have low intakes. This was attributed partly to increased physiological needs, but peer-group influences appeared more important in relation to food choices. Thiamin was unusual, in that recent use of analgesics had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes.     

Food and nutrient intakes of a population sample of 7-year-old children in the south-west of England in 1999/2000 - what difference does gender make?

OBJECTIVES: To describe the diet of schoolchildren aged 7 years, and identify gender differences in food and nutrient intakes. SUBJECTS: A cohort of children resident in the south-west of England in 1999/2000. METHODS: Diet was assessed using three 1-day unweighed food diaries. Nutrient intakes were compared with dietary reference values for this age group, and with children aged 7-10 years in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Food and nutrient intakes were contrasted between boys and girls. RESULTS: Median nutrient intakes exceeded the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for most nutrients. Median intakes of iron and zinc were below the RNI. Median sodium intake was greater than the maximum set by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. The mean energy intake for boys and girls, respectively, were 7.3 and 6.8 MJ, this is below the estimated average requirement. The percentage of energy from fat was 35.3% for boys and 36.1% for girls. Boys had higher iron intakes than girls, even after adjustment for energy intake. There were differences in the types of foods eaten between boys and girls; girls ate more fruit and vegetables (P = 0.001) and boys ate more breakfast cereals (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The dietary intakes of these 7-year-old children were adequate for most nutrients. However, a reduction in the sodium content of the diet would be advantageous. Fruit and vegetable consumption should be encouraged particularly among boys.     

Food and nutrient intakes of a population sample of 7-year-old children in the south-west of England in 1999/2000 – what difference does gender make?

Objectives To describe the diet of schoolchildren aged 7 years, and identify gender differences in food and nutrient intakes. Subjects A cohort of children resident in the south-west of England in 1999/2000. Methods Diet was assessed using three 1-day unweighed food diaries. Nutrient intakes were compared with dietary reference values for this age group, and with children aged 7–10 years in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Food and nutrient intakes were contrasted between boys and girls. Results Median nutrient intakes exceeded the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for most nutrients. Median intakes of iron and zinc were below the RNI. Median sodium intake was greater than the maximum set by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. The mean energy intake for boys and girls, respectively, were 7.3 and 6.8 MJ, this is below the estimated average requirement. The percentage of energy from fat was 35.3% for boys and 36.1% for girls. Boys had higher iron intakes than girls, even after adjustment for energy intake. There were differences in the types of foods eaten between boys and girls; girls ate more fruit and vegetables (P = 0.001) and boys ate more breakfast cereals (P = 0.016). Conclusions The dietary intakes of these 7-year-old children were adequate for most nutrients. However, a reduction in the sodium content of the diet would be advantageous. Fruit and vegetable consumption should be encouraged particularly among boys.     

Dietary patterns in adolescence are related to adiposity in young adulthood in black and white females

Few studies have systematically used a total diet approach to classify adolescent dietary patterns. We examined dietary patterns in relation to nutrient intakes and adiposity in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study cohort of 2371 black and white girls recruited at 9-10 y of age and followed for 10 y. Serial measurements were obtained for indices of anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables. Dietary patterns for the 2 racial subgroups were separately identified by cluster analysis of 40 food groupings derived from 3-d food records. Nutrient intakes and measures of adiposity (BMI, percent body fat, and waist circumference) were compared by dietary pattern. We identified 4 discrete dietary patterns for black and for white adolescents. A Healthy pattern, followed by 12% of white girls and characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains without added fats, mixed dishes and soups, and a low intake of sweetened drinks, other sweets, fried foods, burgers, and pizza, was related to more favorable nutrient intakes and a smaller increase in waist circumference. Among black girls, none of the dietary patterns appeared distinctly advantageous in terms of mitigating increases in adiposity. In conclusion, a cumulative pattern of food intake consistent with recommendations for general health appears to help prevent overweight, but this pattern was followed by only a minority of adolescent girls.     

A Low Pulse Food Intake May Contribute to the Poor Nutritional Status and Low Dietary Intakes of Adolescent Girls in Rural Southern Ethiopia

Poor nutrition in adolescent girls poses critical health risks on future pregnancy and birth outcomes especially in developing countries. Our purpose was to assess nutritional status and dietary intake of rural adolescent girls and determine pulse and food intake patterns associated with poor nutritional status. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in a traditional pulse growing region of southern Ethiopia on 188 girls between 15 to 19 years of age, with 70% being from food insecure families. Prevalence of stunting (30.9%) and underweight (13.3%) were associated with low food and nutrient intake. Diets were cereal-based, with both animal source foods and pulses rarely consumed. Improving dietary intakes of female adolescents with nutrient dense foods would ensure better health for themselves and for the next generation.     

447例喀什农村维吾尔族住校中学生膳食营养状况调查

目的:了解喀什地区农村住校中学生的膳食结构和存在的问题,为改善当地学生膳食营养提供依据。方法:采用24 h膳食回顾法对喀什地区两所中学的447例住校中学生的膳食情况进行调查,并根据《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》作出评价。结果:被调查学生膳食构成中谷类、畜禽肉和油脂摄入过多,而其他食物摄入较少;三餐能量和三大营养素分配也不合理,午餐能量偏低、晚餐能量偏高,碳水化合物摄入严重偏高、而脂肪摄入严重偏低;维生素A和钙摄入严重不足,维生素C、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量也较低,而维生素B2、烟酰胺、铜的摄入则偏高,钠的摄入严重过量。结论:学生膳食构成不合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应采取相应措施改善这一现状,倡导学生平衡膳食。     

Foods, nutrients and portions consumed by a sample of Australian children aged 16–24 months

Aim:  To describe the diet of a sample of Australian children aged 16–24 months with regard to the amounts of foods and nutrients consumed.
Methods:  Cross-sectional data collected from participants in a five-year randomised trial of the primary prevention of asthma. Pregnant women with a family history of atopy were recruited from six hospital antenatal clinics in western Sydney. At the 18-month assessment, carers of 429 of children completed three-day weighed food records. Three-day average intakes of foods and nutrients and average portions per eating occasion for commonly consumed foods. T -tests for comparing gender differences.
Results:  Diets were characterised by large amounts of milk and non-milk drinks with smaller amounts of cereals, fruits, vegetables and meats. Total energy intake was significantly higher for boys than girls and exceeded estimated energy requirements in both boys and girls. Food groups contributing most to energy included milk and milk products (35%), cereals (15%), cereal-based products (9%) and non-milk drinks (8%). Micronutrient intakes were below the Estimated Average Requirement in more than 5% of the children for vitamin A, calcium, vitamin C and iron. Sodium intakes exceeded the upper level of 1000 mg for 62% of children, while dietary fibre intake was only half the Adequate Intake of 14 g. Relatively few foods were widely consumed and median portion sizes were typically small in relation to commonly used reference portion sizes.
Conclusion:  These data may be useful as a preliminary basis for developing age-specific dietary surveillance tools and dietary guidance for children aged one to two years.