郁乐疏对卒中后抑郁模型大鼠神经递质的影响研究

目的 观察郁乐疏对卒中后抑郁(PSD)大鼠脑内单胺递质的影响，探讨其抗抑郁作用机制。方法采用线栓法制备局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型，在此基础上综合孤养、应激处理复合制备PSD大鼠模型。采用荧光分光度法测定大鼠双侧额顶皮层及脑干的单胺递质(NA、5-HT和DA)含量。观察郁乐疏对PSD大鼠脑内单胺递质的影响：结果中、高剂量郁乐疏可显著增加PSD大鼠脑内的NA、5-HT含量。结论 郁乐疏对PSD大鼠脑内单胺递质降低有显著的改善作用。其抗抑郁的主要作用机制与增加脑内单胺递质有关。     

抑郁症患者接受治疗前后血浆单胺类神经递质代谢产物的差异

,背景抑郁症的单胺假说已得到很多研究证明,但是郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物与抗抑郁治疗的相关性研究较少报道.目的探讨不同药物治疗抑郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物的差异,以及抗抑郁治疗与抑郁患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物水平的相关性.设计病例对照研究.单位南京医科大学脑科研究所和精神科.对象抑郁症组(n=40)为南京脑科医院住院抑郁症患者,汉密顿抑郁量表总分＞17.对照组(n=20)为南京市中心血站健康志愿献血者.干预抑郁症组均用抗抑郁药治疗4周氟西汀[20 mg/d,5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂类];帕罗西汀(20 mg/d,5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂类);万拉法新[20～100 mg/d,5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂类],氟伏沙明(50～100 mg/d,去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂类).用高效液相色谱法对抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆中单胺递质代谢产物水平进行测定,用汉密顿抑郁量表评定抑郁症患者的临床疗效.主要观察指标抑郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸、3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇、高香草酸的水平.结果抑郁症患者治疗前血浆中5-羟吲哚乙酸、3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇、高香草酸的水平[(20.3±14.6),(124.8±103.6),(54.7±32.1)μg/L]均低于正常对照组[(39.5±28.4),(334.5±107.3),(88.5±37.2)μg/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.05).经5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂治疗的抑郁症患者,5-羟吲哚乙酸含量[(37.1±21.9)μg/L]与治疗前比较明显升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇和高香草酸与治疗前比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);经去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂治疗后,血浆中5-羟吲哚乙酸,3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇含量[(35.4±25.2),(291.2±120.4)μg/L]均比治疗前升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);高香草酸水平无明显变化.结论外周的单胺递质代谢产物可反映脑中单胺类神经递质的状态,血浆中单胺类递质的变化可作为抑郁症疗效评定的一个重要参考指标.     

抑郁症患者接受治疗前后血浆单胺类神经递质代谢产物的差异

背景：抑郁症的单胺假说已得到很多研究证明，但是郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物与抗抑郁治疗的相关性研究较少报道。目的：探讨不同药物治疗抑郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物的差异，以及抗抑郁治疗与抑郁患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物水平的相关性。设计：病例对照研究。单位：南京医科大学脑科研究所和精神科。对象：抑郁症组(n=40)为南京脑科医院住院抑郁症患者，汉密顿抑郁量表总分&;gt;17。对照组(n=20)为南京市中心血站健康志愿献血者。干预：抑郁症组均用抗抑郁药治疗4周：氟西汀[20mg／d，5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂类]；帕罗西汀(20mg／d，5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂类)；万拉法新[20～100mg／d，5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂类]，氟伏沙明(50～100mg／d，去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂类)。用高效液相色谱法对抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆中单胺递质代谢产物水平进行测定，用汉密顿抑郁量表评定抑郁症患者的临床疗效。主要观察指标：抑郁症患者血浆中单胺递质代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸、3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇、高香草酸的水平。结果：抑郁症患者治疗前血浆中5-羟吲哚乙酸、3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇、高香草酸的水平[(20．3&;#177;14．6)，(124．8&;#177;103．6)．(54．7&;#177;32．1)μg／L]均低于正常对照组[（39．5&;#177;28．4)，(334．5&;#177;107．3)，(88．5&;#177;37．2)μg／L]，差异有显著性(P&;lt;0．05)。经5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂治疗的抑郁症患者，5-羟吲哚乙酸含量[(37．1&;#177;21．9)μg／L]与治疗前比较明显升高，差异有显著性(P&;lt;0．05)；3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇和高香草酸与治疗前比较，差异无显著性(P&;gt;0．05)；经去甲肾上腺素双重摄取抑制剂治疗后，血浆中5-羟吲哚乙酸，3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙二醇含量[(35．4&;#177;25．2)，(291．2&;#177;120．4)μg／L]均比治疗前升高，差异有显著性(P&;lt;0．05)；高香草酸水平无明显变化。结论：外周的单胺递质代谢产物可反映脑中单胺类神经递质的状态，血浆中单胺类递质的变化可作为抑郁症疗效评定的-个重要参考指标。     

精神分裂症患者治疗前后去甲肾上腺素代谢变化的对比研究

精神分裂症单胺递质代谢障碍的假说由来已久[1],与正常对照相比,患者以急性、阳性症状为主要表现.病前社会适应能力相对较好的患者有中枢去甲肾上腺素(NE)神经功能亢进,表现为情感淡漠、意志缺乏;以社会适应不良为主者则有NE功能的相对低下[2],但也有相异的报道[3].为此,作者对一组首发、以阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者行脑脊液NE及代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇(MHPG)含量测定,并比较抗精神病药治疗后上述物质的变化,以对精神分裂症的中枢NE功能作初步探讨.     

单胺类递质对脑出血大鼠心脏损伤的应变效应

背景：急性脑损害条件下，心脏病变发生率高，影响其预后。血浆单胺类递质的大量增加，可能是脑卒中后心脏产生应变效应的主要原因之一。目的：研究单胺类递质在大鼠脑出血心脏损伤中的作用，探讨脑心综合征发生、发展的机制。设计：以实验动物为研究对象，随机对照实验研究。单位：一所军医大学医院的野战外科研究所神经内科病房。材料：实验在大坪医院神经内科实验室完成。动物选用健康Wistar大鼠70只(雌雄不拘，体质量250—300g)，动物由第三军医大学大坪医院动物中心提供。干预：大鼠右侧尾状核注射含胶原酶(1u／μL)和肝素(7u／μL)的生理盐水1μL以建立脑出血模型；对照组改注射生理盐水1μL。主要观察指标：采用高效液相一电化学法测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline，NE)含量，采用酶反应速率法测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶MB型(creatine kinase-MB，CK-MB)的变化。结果：大鼠脑内血肿开始形成的6h血浆去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline．NE)、血清肌酸磷酸肌酶同工酶MB型(creatine kinase．MB，CK-MB)均显著升高【分别为(2．782&;#177;0．244)μg／L和(3．504&;#177;0．742)μkat／L】，并以脑出血24h血肿高峰期时最为显著【分别为(3．517&;#177;0．200)μg／L．(5．474&;#177;1．540)μkat／L】，随后逐渐下降，72h血浆NE降至术前水平【(1．663&;#177;0．094)μg／L】，而血清CK-MB仍高于术前水平【(2．713&;#177;0．526)μkat／L】。结论：外周NE含量升高可能参与脑心综合征的发生发展过程。     

草问荆总生物碱对大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质含量的影响

背景从天然药物中寻求安全有效的镇静安定类药物是逐年增加的神经精神类疾病治疗的需要.前期实验发现草问荆总生物碱具有良好的镇静安定作用.目的分析草问荆总生物碱对中枢神经系统的抑制作用.设计以实验动物为观察对象的随机对照实验.单位哈尔滨商业大学药物研究所博士后科研工作站.材料实验于2002-03/2003-01在黑龙江中医药大学药理研究室完成.实验药物为草问荆总生物碱;实验动物选用Wister大鼠24只.方法24只大鼠随机分为3组,分别为草问荆总生物碱组(60 mg/kg)、利血平组(30 mg/kg)、生理盐水组(同体积),腹腔一次性给药上述剂量药物后,采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测法及紫外线检测法测定大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质含量.主要观察指标大鼠纹状体和脑边缘区单胺类递质去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺及其代谢产物3,4-二羟苯乙二醇、5-羟吲哚乙酸、高香草酸的含量.结果实验前和实验后动物数均为每组8只,无异常或死亡现象.草问荆总生物碱对大鼠纹状体的单胺类神经递质的含量具显著的降低作用,同时升高纹状体单胺递质中性及酸性代谢产物的含量.对大鼠前脑边缘区的单胺类递质具有显著的降低作用,同时显著升高边缘区单胺代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸,高香草酸的含量,但对于3,4-二羟苯乙二醇的升高作用无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论草问荆总生物碱的镇静、安定作用与中枢的单胺类神经递质的含量下降有关.草问荆总生物碱具有与利血平相似的单胺排空作用,是草问荆总生物碱对中枢神经系统镇静安定作用的作用机制.     

不同脑区突触体内单胺类递质水平与惊厥发作和症状严重程度的相关性研究

目的探讨单胺类递质与惊厥发作敏感性及与惊厥症状严重程度之间的关系。方法采用腹腔注射硫代氨基脲建立Wistar大鼠癫痫模型,应用荧光分光光度法测定大脑皮层、海马、纹状体中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)的含量。结果惊厥症状严重程度与3个脑区的5-HT含量、海马区NE水平呈良好负相关(P<0.05～0.01);5-HT含量在惊厥发作各组中均明显下降(P<0.01),DA含量仅在纹状体中有明显下降(P<0.01);NE含量仅在海马区有明显下降(P<0.01)。结论不同部位的神经递质与惊厥发作严重程度密切相关,惊厥敏感性取决于所在脑区特定的单胺类递质含量。     

解毒通络方对脑缺血损伤大鼠海马与皮质神经递质变化的影响

目的:观察解毒通络方对脑缺血大鼠恢复期海马与皮质中单胺类递质和乙酰胆碱含量的影响。方法:实验于2005-05/2006-02在北京中医药大学病理实验室与中国中医科学院西苑中医院药理实验室完成。选择健康SD大鼠150只,采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭结合低血压状态制作脑缺血模型,将造模成功的150只大鼠随机数字表法分为5组,正常组、模型组及解毒通络方低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,各30只。每组又分为造模后4,8周2个时相点,每个时相点15只。各剂量治疗组每天按不同剂量灌服解毒通络口服液(由栀子、丹参、黄芪、天麻等组成),低、中、高剂量分别相当于生药1.85,3.7,7.4g/kg,配置成给药体积为5mL/kg的溶液;模型组、正常组同时灌胃相应体积的洁净水。以改进的柱前、柱后双酶柱结合高效液相电化学方法检测大鼠海马与皮质的乙酰胆碱含量;以高效液相电化学方法检测大鼠海马与皮质的单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的含量。结果:纳入动物150只,均进入结果分析。①脑缺血后4周模型组大鼠海马去甲肾上腺素水平与正常组比较显著升高[分别为(797.29±60.04),(528.90±149.13)μg/L,P<0.01]、乙酰胆碱水平显著降低[分别为(19.72±10.09),(39.73±22.31)μg/L,P<0.01],皮质去甲肾上腺素、高香草酸水平与正常组比较显著降低[分别为(52.81±21.71),(258.65±125.82)μg/L,P<0.01;(5.22±3.19),(9.02±2.27)μg/L,P<0.05],海马与皮质多巴胺、5-羟色胺及其他代谢物及皮质乙酰胆碱水平均无明显变化。②脑缺血后8周模型组大鼠海马去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺水平与正常组比较显著升高[分别为(346.88±125.98),(110.76±18.56)μg/L,P<0.05;(7.16±3.52),(3.78±0.44)μg/L,P<0.01],5-羟色胺、乙酰胆碱水平显著降低[分别为(79.38±26.47),(127.64±23.03)μg/L,P<0.01;(14.75±5.21),(22.59±6.58)μg/L,P<0.05],皮质去甲肾上腺素水平也显著降低[分别为(57.67±18.30),(133.43±39.15)μg/L,P<0.01],皮质单胺类递质代谢产物及乙酰胆碱水平则无明显变化。解毒通络方可使上述各项指标的绝大部分恢复到接近正常大鼠水平。结论:解毒通络方能够有效促进脑缺血大鼠海马与皮质中单胺类递质和乙酰胆碱代谢紊乱状态的恢复。     

大鼠急性全脑缺血再灌注时NF-κB表达及意义

【目的】观察全脑缺血再灌注时核因子κB(NF κB)、IL 1β、TNF α和存活神经元数目水平的变化 ,探讨NF κB在全脑缺血再灌注时的作用。【方法】采用Pulsinelli法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型 2 5例 ,分别于缺血再灌注后 2h、6h、12h、2 4h、4 8h时取脑海马CA1区组织切片行HE染色和免疫组化方法测定NF κB ,原位杂交方法测定IL 1β、TNF α并进行图像分析。【结果】大鼠脑海马CA1区NF κB和IL 1β、TNF α水平在全脑缺血再灌注后均明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且三者间的变化呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;NF κB与存活神经元数目呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。【结论】NF κB在全脑缺血再灌注时与IL 1β、TNF α间可相互促进表达 ,并显著降低存活神经元数目 ,提示NF κB可能参与了脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理生理过程。     

胆红素脑病仔兔脑组织单胺类神经递质含量变化的研究

目的 以动物实验方法制备胆红素脑病模型，观察脑组织单胺类神经质的变化，研究单胺递质与胆红素神经毒性的相互关系。方法 取生后2-5d内的纯种仔兔，向腹腔内注射胆红素，制备胆红素脑病模型，测定脑组织内单胺递质的浓度。结果 胆红素脑病仔兔脑组织多巴胺及5-羟色胺含量升高，去甲肾上腺素含量下降，与对照组比较差异有显著性，但无时间剂量相关性。结论 胆红素脑病仔兔脑组织单胺递质变化与胆红素神经毒素有关。     

高效液相色谱法快速检测单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物

背景:单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物对实验研究帕金森病和实验诊断嗜铬细胞瘤具有重要意义,是当今的研究热点。目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时快速测定肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺、5-羟吲哚乙酸、高香草酸及多巴柯7种单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物。设计:病例-对照观察和随机对照动物实验。单位:青岛大学医学院附属医院检验科及青岛大学医学院附属医院海阳分院。对象:实验于2003-10/12在青岛大学医学院生理教研室和青岛大学医学院附属医院检验科完成。①2例嗜铬细胞瘤患者,均经CT,MRI或病理切片和临床证实为该病。12例正常对照均为在校大学生,且经查排除高血压、内分泌系统疾病和其他疾病。②选用健康雌性Wistar大白鼠12只,体质量150～180g。随机数字表法分为2组,正常对照组和帕金森病组,每组大鼠各6只。方法:制备7种物质样品(肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺、5-羟吲哚乙酸、高香草酸及多巴柯)的标准色谱图,同时进行样品精密度和回收率的检测。采用高效液相色谱法检测12例正常对照和2例嗜铬细胞瘤患者24h尿中的儿茶酚胺类物质。同时以6-羟基多巴胺损毁帕金森病组大鼠大脑一侧前脑束,以监测正常和帕金森病大鼠健侧及损毁侧尾壳核区纹状体内单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的释放特点。主要观察指标:①样品精密度和回收率检测结果。②12例正常对照和2例嗜铬细胞瘤患者24h尿中儿茶酚胺类物质的测定结果。③各组大鼠纹状体内单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的释放特点。结果:12例正常对照和2例嗜铬细胞瘤患者均获得24h尿中儿茶酚胺类物质检测结果,并进入结果分析。实验动物在实验中无死亡。①高效液相色谱法对肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺、5-羟吲哚乙酸、高香草酸及多巴柯7种单胺类物质的线性范围为2～1000μg/L,最低检测限为2～30μg/L,批内精密度为3.0%～8.6%,批间精密度为3.8%～9.7%。多巴胺的平均回收率为107.3%、去甲肾上腺素为89.4%、肾上腺素为80.1%,其余4种物质为89.2%～95.7%。②2例嗜铬细胞瘤患者24h尿中儿茶酚胺类物质的含量显著高于正常人,其中1例以肾上腺素明显增高为主,另1例以去甲肾上腺素明显增高为主,均高于正常人10倍左右。③帕金森病大鼠健侧尾壳核内多巴胺及其代谢产物多巴柯、高香草酸含量均在正常范围内,损毁侧尾壳核内多巴胺、5-羟色胺、多巴柯及高香草酸均显著降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);5-羟色胺及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸含量无明显改变。④帕金森病大鼠健侧尾壳核内多巴胺更新率(多巴柯/多巴胺和高香草酸/多巴胺的比值)升高;损毁侧尾壳核内多巴胺更新速度也加快,与正常对照组比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:高效液相色谱法能满足对大白鼠帕金森病模型的研究和对嗜铬细胞瘤患者实验诊断的需要。     

与良性阵发性位置性眩晕相关的影响因素分析

目的 探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)相关的影响因素.方法 选取2018年9月至2020年9月于该院神经内科就诊的BPPV患者126例作为BPPV组,选取同期年龄、性别相匹配的70例体检健康者作为对照组.记录两组人群的性别、年龄、饮酒史、吸烟史、糖尿病、高血压、家族冠心病史、偏头痛病史.检测白细胞计数(WBC)、血...     

Effects of Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation (DCS) on Reversibility of Neuronal Function—Experience of Treatment for Vegetative States

We have reported that DCS (dorsal column stimulation) improves the clinical symptoms of cases in persistent vegetative states. Since then, we have accumulated 23 cases who have been treated by DCS. We describe the clinical EEG, rCBF, and biochemical changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) caused by DCS in patients in persistent vegetative states; (1) eight of these cases showed good clinical improvement; (2) most patients were young and the CTscan did not show large, diffuse, definite or bilateral low density areas in cortex, brainstem of thalmus; (3) neurostimulation increased rCBF (cerebral blood flow) in many parts of the brain in cases with vegetative states; blood flow increased in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem; (4) neurostimuiation enhanced the metabolism of catecholamines in CSF, NE, DA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5H1AA increased, but 3MT and 5HT decreased in CSF. DCS increased rCBF, enhanced the metabolism of catecholamines in CSF, and improved the EEG in patients in persistent vegetative states.     

Neurochemical actions of ethylketocyclazocine and ketocyclazocine in different regions of rat brain

The effects of ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and ketocyclazocine (KC), benzomorphan derivatives proposed as kappa opioid receptor agonists, were studied by measuring changes in the levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and their major metabolites, DOPAC, HVA, MHPG-SO4, 5-HIAA, in different regions of rat brain. Doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg were tested. EKC decreased the levels of DOPAC and HVA in striatum, and increased DA concentrations, EKC markedly increased the levels of MHPG-SO4 in hypothalamus, but not in cortex, midbrain and pons-medulla. There was a non-significant decrease in NA concentrations. EKC increased the levels of 5-HIAA in hypothalamus and also in cortex, midbrain and pons-medulla, while the levels of 5-HT were increased. On the whole, similar neurochemical effects were observed after KC administration. These data were discussed in relation to the behavioral actions caused in rats by EKC and KC, including the increase in food intake, and they raise the possibility that the hypothalamic noradrenergic system participate in feeding behavior of these drugs.     

Parachlorophenylalanine‐induced 5‐HT depletion alters behavioral and brain neurotransmitters levels in 6‐Hz psychomotor seizure model in mice

The present study was designed to investigate the role of serotonin and other neurotransmitters namely dopamine (DA), histamine, nor‐epinephrine (NE), glutamate, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the 6‐Hz‐induced psychomotor seizures in Swiss albino mice. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg/day, i.p for 3 days)‐treated mice were given 6‐Hz stimulation. Sodium valproate (SVP) (200 mg/kg/day, p.o for 3 days) was used as a reference antiepileptic drug. The behavioral changes induced by 6 Hz including increased rearing and grooming, Straub's tail, behavioral arrest, stun position were amplified by PCPA. The 6‐Hz‐induced seizures were accompanied by reduced brain 5‐HT, DA, NE, histamine, GABA, and enhanced glutamate levels. PCPA facilitated further reduction of endogenous 5‐HT and DA levels but not NE, histamine, GABA, and glutamate levels. Pre‐ and post‐treatment with SVP protected the mice from 6‐Hz seizures and attenuated PCPA‐induced changes in the levels of 5‐HT and DA in the mice brain suggesting the protective effect of SVP in the pharmacoresistant model of epilepsy involving mainly serotonergic mechanism. However, the study also suggests modulation of other neurotransmitters both in 6‐Hz psychomotor seizures and in the action of SVP against such seizures.     

Decreased stress responsivity of central and peripheral catecholaminergic systems in aged 344/N Fischer rats.

We investigated the effects of stress on central and peripheral sympatho-adrenal and sympatho-neural functions in healthy, intact young (3-4 mo) and aged (24 mo) male Fischer 344/N rats. Extracellular fluid (ECF) levels of the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE), dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were obtained by microdialysis in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus at baseline and during immobilization (IMMO). The baseline levels of these substances were similar in both age groups, and their concentrations increased significantly in response to IMMO. The IMMO-induced increases of NE and MHPG, however, were significantly smaller in old than in young rats. Plasma levels of the catecholamines NE, DHPG, MHPG, DOPAC, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DA), and HVA were also determined in young and old rats during IMMO. Basal levels of these substances were significantly higher in old than in young rats. The magnitude of the IMMO-induced increases in the majority of these compounds however, was significantly smaller in old than in young rats. We conclude that, at the basal state, aging in the Fischer rat is associated with normal PVN ECF, but high plasma catecholamine levels; at stress state, however, old rats have substantially lesser activation of their central and peripheral catecholaminergic systems than young rats.     

Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains.

The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated just before reperfusion (after ischemia) with dimethylthiourea (DMTU), but not urea, had decreased brain edema and brain H2O2 levels. In addition, gerbils fed a tungsten-rich diet for 4, 5, or 6 wk developed progressive decreases in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and brain XO + xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) activities, brain edema, and brain H2O2 levels after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. In contrast to tungsten-treated gerbils, allopurinol-treated gerbils did not have statistically significant decreases in brain XO or XO + XD levels, and reduced brain edema and brain H2O2 levels occurred only in gerbils developing mild but not severe neurologic deficits during ischemia. Finally, gerbils treated with DMTU or tungsten all survived, while greater than 60% of gerbils treated with urea, allopurinol, or saline died by 48 h after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Our findings indicate that H2O2 from XO contributes to reperfusion-induced edema in brains subjected to temporary ischemia.     

Effects of amitriptyline and imipramine on brain amine neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid

The effects of amitriptyline (AMI) or imipramine (IMI) on levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) (the major brain metabolites of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine [NE], serotonin [5-HT], and dopamine [DA]) in cerebrospinal fluid were determined in 66 subjects with unipolar and bipolar depression. There were significant reductions in MHPG and 5-HIAA levels for the depressed group taken as a whole, but levels of HVA did not change significantly. The changes were similar when subjects were grouped as treated with AMI and IMI and with unipolar and bipolar depression. Reductions in MHPG and 5-HIAA levels were greater in women than in men. In all subjects with depression and in those treated with AMI and IMI, amine metabolite changes did not differ significantly between those who had a positive clinical response to drug therapy and those who did not. Responders with bipolar depression had smaller reductions in MHPG levels than did responders with unipolar depression. The similar effects of AMI and IMI on MHPG and 5-HIAA differ from the dissimilar effects of the two drugs on NE and 5-HT amine uptake systems reported in animal and in in vitro studies. Results provide conclusive evidence of the effects of AMI and IMI on noradrenergic and serotonergic (but not dopaminergic) systems in patients with depression.     

Platelet serotonin pathway in menstrual migraine

In order to understand the possible 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) anomalies in migraine, particularly in the period before the headache attack, we compared the levels of 5HT, its stable metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and platelet monoaminoxidase (MAO) activity in patients with menstrual migraine with those of healthy female controls. In every subject, blood samples were drawn during both follicular and late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. In controls, platelet 5HT levels remained stable, whereas 5HIAA levels and MAO activity were higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase, suggesting an increased catabolism of 5HT which occurs physiologically just before menses. In menstrual migraine 5HIAA levels and MAO activity showed similar changes with higher values in the luteal than in the follicular phase. The luteal phase values were significantly higher than those of controls. Also, and in contrast to controls, 5HT levels decreased in the luteal phase. These data suggest that 5HT availability is reduced in menstrual migraine, possibly due to an increased catabolism and/or to a reduced synthesis, and hence predisposes patients to migraine attacks.     

立体定向手术对强迫症患者脑脊液5-羟色胺含量的影响

目的　探讨双侧多靶点立体定向手术对强迫症患者 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)代谢的影响。方法　双侧多靶点立体定向手术治疗强迫症患者 ,荧光分光光度法检测脑脊液 (CSF)中 5 HT及其代谢产物 5 羟基吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)。结果　强迫症患者CSF中 5 HT和 5 HIAA水平显著高于对照组 ,接受双侧多靶点立体定向手术治疗的患者 ,其CSF中 5 HT和 5 HIAA水平显著下降。结论　双侧多靶点立体定向手术可以有效纠正强迫症患者 5 HT的代谢紊乱