外伤性颅内血肿术后再手术问题探讨

颅脑损伤是临床常见的一种创伤，目前国内多数基层医院已开展了开颅手术治疗，作者在临床工作中，常遇颅内血肿术后再手术病例，为提高对本病的认识，谈几点意见。     

医源性胆道损伤45例分析

随着胆道手术在各基层医院的广泛开展，特别是腹腔镜手术的开展，医源性胆道损伤发生率呈上升趋势．本研究收集了1990—2007年医源性胆道损伤45例患者的临床资料进行总结分析．探讨其处治经验及体会．现报道如下。     

TAPP术式治疗腹股沟疝的临床体会

目的：探讨TAPP术式在临床腹股沟疝手术中的应用及效果。方法总结自开展31例腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术，全部应用TAPP术式，总结术式选择及操作要点。结果手术顺利，术后并发症少，术后随访无复发。结论 TAPP术式简单易学，恢复快，疗效好，适合基层医院推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术护理配合与体会

腹腔镜胆囊切除（LG）是一种新兴的外科手术治疗手段。LG是在电视屏幕的监控下，通过3—5个腹壁小戳孔，将带有光导纤维的腹腔镜及与之配套的特殊手术器械插入腹腔进行胆囊切除术，是一种微创性手术。本术式具有创伤小，痛苦轻、对患者全身及腹腔局部的干扰少、术后恢复快、住院时间短和遗留疤痕较小等优点，是一种比较受欢迎的手术方式。 1临床资料     

基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术若干问题探讨

我院自1994年1月～1998年4月共开展腹腔镜手术483例,其中腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)457例。本文就基层医院开展LC的若干问题进行探讨。1 临床资料 本组457例中男性254例,女性203例,年龄21～73岁,平均年龄47.8岁。有腹部手术史者78例。有合并症者113例,其中糖尿病33例,高血压27例,慢支、肺气肿或肺心病17例,冠心病14例,肝炎后肝硬化18例,脂肪肝4例。术中发现及处理:术中发现有右上腹部粘连者43例。Calot三角区粘连194例。行胆囊切除450例,其中逆行切除38例。胆囊大部切除7例。肝下置引流管引流253     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术与支架置入治疗冠心病107例

1977年Gruenting创立了经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)，国内1984年开展此项技术。随着经验的积累、器械的改进和技术的成熟，目前在基层医院已广泛开展。我们自2000年8月～2003年8月开展PTCA及支架术治疗冠心病107例，手术成功率高，不良反应少。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术护理配合与体会

腹腔镜胆囊切除（LG）是一种新兴的外科手术治疗手段。LG是在电视屏幕的监控下,通过3~5个腹壁小戳孔,将带有光导纤维的腹腔镜及与之配套的特殊手术器械插入腹腔进行胆囊切除术,是一种微创性手术。本术式具有创伤小,痛苦轻、对患者全身及腹腔局部的干扰少、术后恢复快、住院时间短和遗留疤痕较小等优点,是一种比较受欢迎的手术方式。     

急救部开展创伤急救手术1673例

目的：探讨急救部开展创伤急救手术的可行性和救治效果，方法：急救部在4年时间内开展各部位创伤急救手术1673例，其中开颅探查术259例，开胸探查术55例，开腹探查术205例，四肢长骨骨折切开复位内固术768例，血管，神经、肌腱吻合术242例，颈部伤及全身多处软组织撕脱伤的清创缝合术141例，脊柱或骨盆手术3例，结果：本组术后痊愈1567例，死亡106例，其中颅脑外伤术后死亡96例，心脏刀刺伤术中死亡1例，严重多发伤术后并发多器官功能不全综合征（MODS）死亡6例，并发感染性休克死亡1例，并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）死亡2例，死亡的主要原因为严重的颅脑外伤，心脏刀刺伤，MODS，ARDS，感染等，术后发生并发症者362例，主要并发症为低血容量性休克103例，感染性休克86例，心源性休克12例，ARDS92例，MODS58例，骨折延迟愈合或骨不连11例，结论：急救部应开展各部位创伤的手术急救，以降低创伤患者并发症的发生率和死亡率。     

经翼点入路显微手术治疗脑前循环动脉瘤

目的：探讨前循环动脉瘤的手术时机，手术方法。方法：对72例破裂动脉瘤的手术病例进行回顾性分析，包括动脉瘤的分级，手术时机的选择，经翼点入路手术中动脉瘤处理技术等。结果：随访二年术后痊愈57例，遗有偏瘫、失语、精神症状等功能障碍5例。术后昏迷2例，死亡7例，术后再出血2例。结论：对破裂颅内动脉瘤早期采取显微手术与综合治疗措施能有效的改善患者的预后。     

妇科阴式手术临床应用价值研究

目的:探讨妇科阴式手术临床应用价值。方法:选择在我院妇产科住院的良性肿瘤及异位妊娠2895例,其中行阴式手术1458例,行腹式手术1437例。比较阴式手术各组与相应腹式手术各组手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛率及术后进食和活动时间、术后住院时间等。结果:阴式手术各组手术时间、术中出血量显著短于或低于相应腹式手术各组(P<0.05),术后镇痛率、术后进食和活动时间及术后住院时间均非常显著低于或短于相应腹式手术各组(P<0.01)。阴式手术各组无一例术中中转开腹手术,无一例发生手术并发症,均于术后24h拔除导尿管,无一例发生术后尿潴留。结论:阴式手术较腹式手术创伤小、恢复快、术后疼痛轻、住院时间短,手术成功率高,并发症少,值得基层医院推广。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

新时期军医学院人才培养的思考

在新的历史条件下 ,军医学院迎接未来高技术局部战争的挑战 ,适应部队武器装备的不断更新以及医学科技、社会发展对人才素质提出的新要求 ,必须在更为广阔的时空背景下找准人才培养的着眼点 ,科学确立人才培养方向 ,提高人才培养质量。现就人才培养思考如下 :1　改变教育观念 ,     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。