经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗重度肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床效果及介入操作策略

目的:评价经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗重度肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床疗效并探讨其介入操作策略.方法:通过换用右冠造影管、变换指引导丝位置等介入操作方法完成用Balt球囊或二尖瓣球囊治疗24例重度肺动脉瓣狭窄患者.结果:24例手术获得成功,术中经端孔导管测肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差由(13.70±2.30) kPa降至(5.23±2.85) kPa,跨瓣压差下降61%(P<0.01),无任何严重并发症发生.结论:经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术是重度肺动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效首选治疗方法.     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（附11例报告）

报道对11例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者施行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)治疗的体会。11例患者经手术后,右室收缩压由术前75.5±49.7降至38.7±13.8mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉收缩压由术前15.2±6.5升至21.0±5.0mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压由术前8.5±2.9升至9.8±3.6mmHg(P<0.05);肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差由术前60.1±16.9降至33.5±16.6mmHg(P<0.01)。在1年后随访,跨瓣压差与术后即刻测定值无显著差异。作者认为,PBPV应列为治疗单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选方法。     

影响经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术即刻与远期疗效的因素

目的:为评价经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者的即刻和远期效果及影响疗效的因素?方法:病例选择为自1999年1月至2005年12月行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的患者,共39例?术前导管测肺动脉瓣收缩期峰值跨瓣压差为(65.6±29.8)mmHg?结果:术后导管测即刻肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差为(28.8±14.2)mmHg,跨瓣压差<36 mmHg的患者31例,占79.5%?成功随访31例?超声心动图多普勒测跨瓣压差为(32.7±21.1)mmHg?随访时跨瓣压差<36 mmHg,共25例,占80.6%?有4例患者出现不同程度再狭窄,其中2例再次行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术,肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差降至36 mmHg以下,其余2例继续观察?Logistic回归显示,影响肺动脉瓣球囊成形术长期疗效最主要的因素为术后即刻跨瓣压差,术后即刻跨瓣压差>36 mmHg的患者,远期疗效相对较差?术中及随访时无严重不良并发症?结论:经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术安全?创伤小,但有小部分患者特别是术后即刻压差>36 mmHg的患者易发生再次狭窄,术后应注意随访?     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗重度先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者的疗效及操作方法改进

目的探讨重度先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)患者施行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)的方法改进和注意事项,并总结其疗效。方法重度PS患者,因右心导管不能通过瓣口或当通过时出现缺氧性昏厥、抽搐及呼吸骤停,故采用Inoue球囊导管、参考经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)时球囊导管通过房间隔的方法,并加以改良通过肺动脉瓣口行PBPV。结果17例均获得有效扩张,PBPV后右心室压(RVP)由(133±29)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)下降至(45±13)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差(PVG)从(89±28)mm Hg下降至(21±11)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肺动脉瓣口面积(PVA)则由(0.62±0.31)cm2增大至(1.98±0.38)cm2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肺动脉压没有显著改变,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床症状、体征改善,平均随访(106±26)个月无再狭窄发生。结论对特别严重的PS患者,采用Inoue球囊导管、参考PBMV时球囊导管通过房间隔的方法,并加以改良通过肺动脉瓣口能够获得满意的有效扩张,操作便捷、安全。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗儿童肺动脉瓣狭窄合并

目的:评估经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty,PBPV)治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(pulmonary stenosis,PS)合并先天性肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)和肺动脉瓣上狭窄的临床疗效。方法:总结近10年经临床、心电图、胸片、超声心动图证实为肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)和瓣上狭窄共45例。行瓣膜扩张术前先确定瓣环大小、瓣口面积、跨肺动脉瓣压差。球囊直径选择比瓣环直径大20%~40%,扩张后即刻测肺动脉-右心室的跨瓣压差(△P),观察比较PBPV术后肺动脉瓣的开放、心电图及肺动脉瓣、三尖瓣的返流情况。结果:45例肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄患儿中,42例扩张成功,成功率为93.333%。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)病例组及肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣上狭窄病例组中,术前、术后跨肺动脉瓣压差均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄病例组中,对于瓣环发育良好和轻中度肺动脉瓣环发育不良的患儿,术前、术后跨肺动脉瓣压差均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:当右室流出道血流速度小于3.810 m/s时,PBPV术是治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下(轻度)狭窄有效方法。对于肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣上狭窄的患儿(肺动脉瓣上狭窄内径大于5 mm),PBPV术是比较安全、有效的方法。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄病例组中,对于瓣环发育良好和轻中度肺动脉瓣环发育不良的患儿,PBPV术治疗效果较好。     

肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的方法比较

目的探讨肺动脉瓣狭窄的介入治疗方法及临床疗效。方法 40例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组采用Inoue球囊瓣膜成形术进行治疗,对照组采用单球囊肺动脉瓣成形术进行治疗。结果研究组右房压为（9.1±3.2）mmHg、右室压为（48.4±4.4）mmHg、肺动脉压为（21.9±2.8）mmHg、跨瓣压差为（22.4±3.1）mmHg,研究组显著优于对照组,P〈0.05。结论 Inoue球囊瓣膜成形术是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法,操作简单,成功率高,已成为治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术后主肺动脉夹层动脉瘤一例

患儿男,4岁,发现心脏杂音2年入院.听诊胸骨左缘2、3肋间4/6级收缩期杂音;胸部X线片见肺动脉段突出;心脏B超示主肺动脉及左肺动脉内径增宽(分别2.9 cm和2.6 cm),肺动脉瓣开放受限,肺动脉跨瓣压差121 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).诊断为肺动脉瓣狭窄.于局麻下行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术,术中测右心室收缩压153mm Hg,肺动脉跨瓣压差125/mm Hg,以直径18 mm、长30mm球囊导管(美国Mansfield公司,球瓣比1.15)扩张3次,肺动脉跨瓣压差降到28 mm Hg,效果明显.手术次日心脏B超示肺动脉瓣开放略受限,肺动脉跨瓣压差26 mm Hg.1     

影响球囊肺动脉瓣成形术疗效的因素和随访分析

目的:判明影响球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)疗效的因素和术后心脏形态学的变化。方法:用逐步回归法对82例患者术前和术后的跨瓣压差、球囊/瓣环比值、肺瓣口面积和球囊充盈时间进行分析;对术前和术后的右室腔直径、右室壁厚度和ECG的Rv1行t检验;对术前、术后和随访所测量的跨瓣压差行单因素方差分析。结果:术前跨瓣压差(12.34±0.73)kPa,术后压差(4.79±0.36)kPa,下降百分比为(59.45±2.14)%(P<0.001);设术后残余压差(A)为因变量,术前跨瓣压差(X)、球囊/瓣环比值(Y)、肺瓣口面积(Z)和球囊充盈时间(W)为自变量,得回归方程为A=13.46+0.3208X-6.9626Y-0.7535Z,R2=0.6506;42例患者得到随访,随访时间为87±26.3(38～126)个月,平均随访压差(3.73±0.42)kPa,随访压差较前明显降低(P<0.001);随访所测量的右室腔直径、右室壁厚度和ECG的Rv1较治疗前有显著良性转归(P均<0.05)。结论:PVS严重程度是影响PBPV疗效的关键因素,术后心脏形态学可以发生一定程度的好转,但大年龄患者的好转机会小于儿童。提示PVS一经确诊,即应行PBPV治疗。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术治疗小婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的 回顾性总结经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术(PBPV)在重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中的即刻治疗效果及6～32个月随访情况.方法 分析2006年6月至2008年8月复日.大学附属儿科医院行PBPV的18例6个月以内重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿.年龄8 d～6个月(86 ±63)d,其巾极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄11例,包括2例新生儿.12例采用全身麻醉,6例采用骶管加静脉复合麻醉.球囊直径为5～15 mm,其中6例患者应用2个球囊依次进行扩张,10例患者应用1个球囊扩张.结果 18例患儿中,2例因导管或球囊未能通过肺动脉瓣放弃扩张,余16例扩张成功,成功率88.9%.扩张后即刻导管测右心室与肺动脉收缩期压差自(87±24)mm Hg降至(30±19)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,P<0.01),扩张过程中或扩张后均无并发症发生.随访6～32个月,16例肺动脉跨瓣压差进一步降低或不变,2例逐渐升高,行第2次扩张,再扩张率12.5%;三尖瓣反流随访过程中均减轻共至消失;除1例为中度肺动脉瓣反流外,其余均为轻度;临床均无症状,生长发育良好.结论 经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术在重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中应用安全,效果好,并发症少,患儿痛苦小,应作为该类患儿首选治疗方法.     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的　观察先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄经皮球囊扩张成形术 (PBPV)即刻疗效、安全性。方法　对我院开展的PBPV 6例青少年肺动脉瓣狭窄进行分析。结果　 6例治疗均获得成功 ,右室收缩压由术前 9 82kPa± 1 57kPa降为术后4 84kPa± 0 83kPa。肺动脉收缩压由术前 2 58kPa± 0 85kPa升为术后 3 98kPa± 1 0 6kPa。右室肺动脉跨瓣压差由术前 6 82kPa± 1 53kPa降为术后 1 0 9kPa± 0 84kPa。并且术后体检杂音均明显减弱 ,未发现明显并发症。结论　PBPV手术成功率高、并发症少、安全有效 ,可作为先天性圆顶样肺动脉瓣狭窄首选治疗方法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.