胰十二指肠切除术中连续胰肠吻合和Y形空肠内引流的应用

目的评价连续胰肠吻合和Y形空肠内引流在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用,并与传统的胰十二指肠切除术进行比较。方法本组回顾2004年12月至2006年12月间行胰十二指肠切除患者103例,其中接受连续胰肠吻合和Y形空肠内引流的患者55例作为观察组,传统胰十二指肠切除术后捆绑式胰肠吻合的患者48例作为对照组。对两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胰漏、术后并发症和术后住院时间以及住院费用等方面的差异进行前瞻性研究。结果两组在手术中出血量及手术后并发症比较没有统计学意义,但在手术时间、术后胰瘘、术后住院时间等方面有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相对于传统的胰十二指肠切除术中捆绑式胰肠吻合重建方式,连续胰肠吻合和Y形空肠内引流手术方式较容易掌握,且在术后管理上具有较为明显的优势。     

胰肠套入吻合缝线贯穿胰管预防术后胰瘘

目的探讨胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管能否减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生。方法将36例行胰十二指肠切除术患者随机分为两组,胰肠吻合套入组(实验组),采用缝线经胰腺全层贯穿胰管方法,对照组缝线只穿过胰腺浆膜层及部分胰腺实质,没有贯穿胰管,比较两组胰瘘的发生率。结果两组在手术时间及术中失血量方面差异无统计学意义,实验组2例发生胰瘘(11.1%),显著低于对照组(7例胰瘘,38.9%)。结论胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管方法简单易行,而且安全,在不增加手术时间和术中失血量的情况下,能减少术后胰瘘发生率,是胰十二指肠切除术中很好的胰肠吻合方法。外科医生应该根据实际情况,选用最熟悉的方式进行胰肠吻合,有利于减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的发生。     

胰十二指肠切除改良胰管空肠吻合预防胰瘘的临床研究

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术改良的胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜胰管空肠套入式吻合方式预防胰瘘的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析111例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中残胰重建方式为胰管空肠黏膜对黏膜套入式端侧精确吻合(改良胰管空肠吻合)者41例(改良组),胰空肠端端常规套入吻合手术者70例(常规组),比较两种胰肠吻合方法对术后胰瘘发生率的影响。结果改良组41例术后恢复顺利,无一例发生胰瘘;常规组发生胰瘘13例(18.57%)。两种术式间胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组其他并发症发生率如消化道出血、胃排空障碍、胆瘘、腹腔感染、肺感染和切口感染以及生存率方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胰十二指肠切除术胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜套入式吻合在预防胰瘘发生方面具有明显优势,值得在临床工作中推广运用。     

改良套入式胰肠端端吻合对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响

目的 探讨改良套入式胰肠端端吻合对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年1月山东省肿瘤医院施行396例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.根据吻合方式分为2组:改良组235例,经典组161例.两组患者均由同一术者带领的医疗小组完成手术,消化道重建以Child吻合为基本术式.改良组采用改良套入式胰肠端端吻合,经典组采用经典套入式胰肠端端吻合,两组患者在术中及术后的处理均相同.比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后胰瘘和住院时间.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验,胰瘘的分析采用Fisher确切概率法.结果 改良组和经典组患者术中平均出血量、平均手术时间、平均住院时间分别为(383 ±56)ml、(7.2±1.0)h、(21 ±3)d和(381±39)ml、(7.0±0.5)h、(22 ±5)d,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.388,1.680,± 1.835,P＞0.05).396例患者均无手术死亡发生,胰瘘总发生率为7.6％(30/396).改良组患者术后无一例胰瘘发生,经典组患者术后发生胰瘘30例(胰肠吻合口瘘4例、单纯性胰瘘26例),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经典组中发生胰瘘的患者通过保持引流通畅、使用生长抑素及胃肠外营养等保守治疗后痊愈.结论 改良套入式胰肠端端吻合能显著降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率.     

两种胰肠吻合术式与胰瘘关系探讨

目的分析比较粘合式胰肠吻合方式与双层套入式吻合方式发生胰瘘并发症的差异。方法对1999年1月至2006年1月期间57例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料进行回顾性分析研究,依据术中胰肠吻合方式的不同,分为粘合式胰肠吻合组和双层套入式吻合组,比较两组间手术时间、出血量、平均住院时间和胰瘘发生率的差异。结果无手术死亡。两组手术时间、出血量和平均住院时间无统计学差异。套入式吻合组发生胰肠吻合口瘘1例(2.9%)、单纯性胰瘘6例(17.6%),粘合式吻合组无胰瘘发生。两组胰肠吻合口瘘差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),套入式吻合组单纯性胰瘘显著高于粘合式吻合组(P<0.05)。胰瘘经保守治疗均治愈。结论胰肠吻合术式对胰瘘发生率有一定的影响,粘合式胰肠吻合术式可以有效地降低胰瘘发生率。     

改良胰腺空肠套入式吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：探讨改良胰腺空肠套入式吻合方法在胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中的应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析自2013年2月—2013年10月22例行PD术患者临床资料,其中术中采用常规胰腺空肠套入式吻合10例（传统组）,采用改良的胰腺空肠套入式吻合12例（改良组）,比较两组术后胰瘘发生率、手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间等情况。 结果：两组患者术前一般资料具有可比性。与传统组比较,改良组术后胰瘘发生率明显降低,手术时间明显缩短（均P<0.05）,而术中出血量、术后住院时间等方面差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论：PD术中使用改良的胰腺空肠套入式吻合方式可降低胰瘘发生率并缩短手术时间,值得临床应用。     

医用生物蛋白胶在胰肠吻合中的应用

目的探讨医用生物蛋白胶在胰肠吻合中的应用。方法对胰十二指肠切除术患者根据吻合方式分两组,每组33例,一组采用传统套入式胰肠吻合,另一组采用医用生物胶粘合吻合技术进行胰肠吻合,分别对胰肠吻合时间、出血量、术后并发症、术后住院时间等分析比较。结果粘合式胰肠吻合在术中吻合时间比套入式吻合明显缩短,术后无胰瘘发生,而传统套入式胰肠吻合发生2例胰瘘。其余方面两组间无明显差别。结论粘合式胰肠吻合技术是一种安全简便、实用的方法。     

胰肠插入荷包式吻合术防胰瘘效果的临床观察

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后较常见的并发症 ,是引起术后病人死亡的重要原因。 1996年底我们设计了胰肠插入荷包式吻合术 ,经临床使用 ,效果满意。现将我院近 17年来传统胰肠端端套入式吻合术与胰肠插入荷包式吻合术的资料作一比较 ,结果如下。1.资料和方法 :(1)手术方式 :全组病例均按Child法重建消化道。空肠与胰腺的吻合分为两种术式 :一种是传统的胰肠端端套入式 ,即将胰腺端与空肠端吻合后 ,再将胰腺套入空肠内 3cm ,行空肠浆肌层与胰腺被膜结节缝合。另一种是胰肠插入荷包式吻合 ,即将胰腺端直接插入空肠内 3cm ,空肠端与胰腺被膜缝合 …     

改良胰管空肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用研究(附31例报告)

目的评价在胰十二指肠切除术中应用改良胰管空肠吻合法的效果及价值;方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2013年6月在我院行胰十二指肠切除术31例患者资料,其中2008~2010年14例行传统胰肠端端套入吻合,2011~2013年17例行改良胰管空肠吻合,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胰瘘、出血、引流液淀粉酶和术后住院时间等情况。结果改良法手术时间和术中出血量与传统法对比无差异,术后出血例数对比无差异,但是术后引流物淀粉酶和胰漏发生率明显降低,术后住院时间明显降低。结论改良法胰管空肠吻合术操作具备相对简单、吻合可靠、胰漏等术后并发症发生少等优点,值得临床推广。     

胰肠吻合方式和保留幽门对胰瘘发生的影响

目的探讨胰肠吻合方式和保留幽门对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的影响。方法回顾性分析我院1994年1月至2007年5月间142例胰十二指肠切除术患者临床资料，探讨胰瘘发生的危险因素，比较胰肠黏膜对黏膜胰管空肠端-侧吻合、胰腺空肠端-端套入式吻合及保留幽门与否对胰瘘发生率的影响。结果术后胰瘘总发生率22％（32／142），其中黏膜对黏膜吻合组21％（29／132），传统胰腺空肠端-端套入组33．33％（3／9）。结论胰肠吻合方式、保留幽门与否对胰瘘发生率无显著性的影响。     

Outcome analysis of long-term survivors following pancreaticoduodenectomy

The long-term sequelae of pancreaticoduodenectomy are not completely understood. In the present study nutritional status, pancreatic function, and subjective quality-of-life parameters were evaluated in 45 patients who had previously undergone either pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) or standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (SPD). Quality-of-life parameters, as measured by the Short Form-36 health survey, demonstrated no significant differences between the subgroups and normal control subjects in six of the eight domains for physical and mental health. Patients who had undergone SPD were noted to have significantly lower scores for general health and vitality than either age-matched control subjects or those who had undergone PPPD. No differences in nutritional parameters or indicators of pancreatic exocrine function between the two groups were identified. An elevated hemoglobin Alc value was seen in only one patient who was not diabetic preoperatively. Our data indicate that long-term survivors of pancreaticoduodenectomy generally feel as good as their normal counterparts, although SPD may result in some health satisfaction deficits. Nutritional status and pancreatic exocrine function are not improved in patients undergoing a pylorus-preserving procedure, and postoperative pancreatic endocrine dysfunction is unusual in both groups. Supported in part by a grant from the Samuel J. Roessler Research Foundation of the College of Medicine of The Ohio State Universi:. Presented at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Washington, D.C., May 11–14, 1997.     

Use of a new sealing device to simplify jejunal resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy has undergone numerous technical modifications since the original reported series in 1935, but little focus has been directed to the dissection and ligation of the mesenteric blood supply to the first portion of the jejunum. METHODS: Sixty-four patients in whom the device was used were compared to a historical cohort of 128 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. RESULTS: The technique described provided a rapid, ergonomically efficient method to complete step 5 of pancreaticoduodenectomy. We found no differences in average hospital length of stay (LOS), reoperation rate, morbidity, mortality, or postoperative readmission rates between patients operated on before or after adoption of this technique CONCLUSION: The Ligasure sealing device (Valleylab, Boulder, CO) provides an excellent, safe alternative to the classic use of clamps and ties when resecting the first portion of the jejunum during pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

Pancreatic function and rehabilitation after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Postoperative pancreatic function and rehabilitation were monitored in 149 patients who had had reconstruction of the digestive tract by Child's method, out of a total 151 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. The occurrence of peptic ulcer following Child's method may be prevented by the resection of a wider area of the stomach. Because the source of gut hormone secretion is removed by the pancreaticoduodenectomy, the secretion of this hormone is subsequently reduced and thus metabolic abnormalities also occur. If careful attention however, is paid to the maintenance of residual pancreatic function most patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy can be expected to lead reasonably normal lives.     

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目的 从临床经济学角度比较胰十二指肠切除术后肠内营养与肠外营养治疗费用的差别，评价早期肠内营养支持作用。方法 回顾分析1999年7月至2001年6月间32例胰十二指肠切除术后早期营养支持临床资料，其中早期肠内营养（EEN）组11例，术后第1天开始EEN支持；肠外营养组（TPN）21例。结果 术后平均住院日EEN组较TPN组为短（25.0天vs36.3天，P＜0.01），且平均费用明显少于TPN组（28368元vs40494元，P＜0.01）。并发症发生率EEN组虽少于TPN组，但无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。费用效果分析及敏感性分析提示EEN较TPN优越。结论 胰十二指肠切除术后EEN支持可减少并发症，并有更好的费用效果比。     

Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Potentially resectable periampullary tumours may not be treated appropriately due to lack of local expertise in both assessment of resectability and resection in referring centres. Tata Memorial Hospital is a major referral centre for oncology and these patients are finally referred to this institution. In carefully selected patients, resection can be accomplished. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the perioperative morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy at a major comprehensive cancer centre. METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 2001 15 patients, who had undergone previous non-resectional surgery for operable periampullary carcinoma, underwent re-exploration. The perioperative morbidity and mortality were analysed and compared with that of the group of patients undergoing primary pancreaticoduodenectomy (143 patients) in the same period. RESULTS: All the 15 patients undergoing re-exploration had a successful resection by pancreaticoduodenectomy. In the reoperative group eight patients (53%) underwent classic pancreaticoduodenectomy and seven patients (46%) had a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, as compared to 102 (71%) and 41 (29%) patients in the primary surgery group, respectively. Although the mean operative time and the estimated blood loss were higher in the reoperative group, the morbidity and mortality rates were similar in the two groups. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 6.6% and 6.9% in the reoperative and the primary surgery group, respectively. Major morbidity occurred in two of the 15 patients (13.3%), and one patient (6.6%) died following surgery in the reoperative group. CONCLUSION: Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely in carefully selected patients with resectable, localized periampullary tumours with similar morbidity and mortality to patients undergoing primary surgery.     

Pancreatic function and rehabilitation after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Postoperative pancreatic function and rehabilitation were monitored in 149 patients who had had reconstruction of the digestive tract by Child's method, out of a total 151 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. The occurrence of peptic ulcer following Child's method may be prevented by the resection of a wider area of the stomach. Because the source of gut hormone secretion is removed by the pancreaticoduodenectomy, the secretion of this hormone is subsequently reduced and thus metabolic abnormalities also occur. If careful attention however, is paid to the maintenance of residual pancreatic function most patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy can be expected to lead reasonably normal lives.     

Quality of life and outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life (QOL) and functional outcome of patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is gaining acceptance and is being performed in increasing numbers for various malignant and benign diseases of the pancreas and periampullary region. There is a general impression that pancreaticoduodenectomy can severely impair QOL and alter normal activities. Only a few small studies have evaluated QOL after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: A standard QOL questionnaire was sent to 323 patients surviving pancreaticoduodenectomy who had undergone surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1981 and 1997. Thirty items on a visual analog scale were categorized into three domains: physical (15 items), psychological (10 items), and social (5 items). Scores are reported as a percentile, with 100% being the highest possible score. The same QOL questionnaire was also sent to laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients and healthy controls. A separate component of the questionnaire asked about functional outcomes and disabilities. RESULTS: Overall QOL scores for the 192 responding pancreaticoduodenectomy patients in the three domains (physical, psychological, social) were 78%, 79%, and 81%, respectively. These QOL scores were comparable to those of the 37 laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients and the 31 healthy controls. The pancreaticoduodenectomy patients were subgrouped into chronic pancreatitis, other benign disease, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and other cancers. Patients who underwent resection for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma had significantly lower QOL scores in the physical and psychological domains compared with the laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients and the healthy controls. Common problems after pancreaticoduodenectomy were weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, foul stools, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest single-institution experience assessing QOL after pancreaticoduodenectomy. These data demonstrate that as a group, patients who survive pancreaticoduodenectomy have near-normal QOL scores. Many patients report weight loss and symptoms consistent with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Most patients have QOL scores comparable to those of control patients and can function independently in daily activities.     

胰十二指肠切除术后腹腔出血的诊断和治疗

目的分析与总结胰十二指肠切除术后腹腔出血的原因、诊断及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析了2003年1月至2008年12月间开展的350例胰十二指肠切除术患者资料。结果在350例患者中,有12例出现术后腹腔出血,术后腹腔出血的发生率为3．4％,死亡率为16．7％;其中男性9例,女性3例,平均年龄（56．42±10．2）岁。7例因恶性疾病行胰十二指肠切除者术后发生腹腔出血,5例为良性疾病。术前伴有梗阻性黄疸者9例（75％）,非黄疸者3例;与未出血组相比,出血组在术前黄疸、术中联合血管切除、良性疾病以及术后合并腹腔感染等四个方面存在差异显著。结论术前积极纠正机体异常情况,术中正确操作和术后发生出血时对其严重程度的准确判断和及时治疗是预防和处理术后腹腔出血的关键。     

Effect of blood transfusion on outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for exocrine tumour of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is thought to have an immunosuppressive effect. The aims of this study were to examine survival in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving blood transfusion in association with pancreaticoduodenectomy, and to define preoperative risk factors for subsequent transfusion. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of a prospective database of patients with exocrine tumours of the head of the pancreas who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1998 and 2003. Clinical data, transfusion records and preoperative laboratory values were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 294 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for exocrine tumours in the pancreatic head. Of these, 140 (47.6 per cent) received a blood transfusion. Their median survival was 18 months, compared with 24 months for those who did not have a transfusion (P = 0.036). Postoperative transfusion, margin status and node stage were independent predictors of survival. Age and preoperative total bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were the only preoperative factors that correlated with transfusion. CONCLUSION: In patients with exocrine tumours of the pancreas, blood transfusion should be avoided when possible. Preoperative risk factors can identify patients who are likely to require transfusion and would therefore benefit most from blood conservation methods.     

Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The preoperative diagnostic strategy and operative technique for reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy were outlined and operative mortality, perioperative morbidity, and early survival data in carefully selected patients undergoing reoperation for pancreatic cancer were analyzed. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Many patients with localized, nonmetastatic cancer of the pancreas undergo exploratory surgery with limited preoperative assessment of resectability. Frequently, pancreaticoduodenectomy is not performed because cytologic or histologic proof of diagnosis is lacking, or tumor resectability is questioned. Many patients are denied reoperation and a potentially curative resection because of the unacceptable morbidity and mortality believed to accompany pancreaticoduodenectomy in the reoperative setting. METHODS: Twenty-three patients who had undergone previous surgery for palliation or diagnosis of a pancreatic head mass were reoperated on after a standardized preoperative imaging evaluation consisting of chest radiography, computed tomography, and visceral angiography. A standardized operative technique was used on all patients, but was modified based on altered anatomy from the initial operation. RESULTS: Based on preoperative imaging studies, 19 of the 23 patients believed to have resectable tumors underwent laparotomy for planned pancreaticoduodenectomy; resection was accomplished in 14 patients. Seven of the fourteen patients required extended resections that included the superior mesenteric vein, right colon, or both. There was no perioperative mortality, and early complications occurred in 3 of the 14 resected patients. Four patients underwent planned palliative procedures. Four of ten patients who underwent resection for adenocarcinoma are without evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 26 months. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely and may result in prolonged survival in carefully selected patients with resectable, localized pancreatic cancer.