不同光源治疗新生儿黄疸疗效观察

目的探讨不同光源、不同强度光疗治疗新生儿高未结合胆红素血症的最佳光疗方法.方法将92例符合条件的患高胆红素血症的新生儿随机分为3组,A组采用传统的蓝光光疗,B组使用白光光疗,C组使用蓝绿光疗毯,每例测定光强度,胆红素下降到185μmol/L时停止光疗.结果 B组光强度明显大于A组和C组,C组光强度明显大于A组（p<0.001）;平均光疗时间B组显著小于A组和C组（p<0.001和p<0.05）,C组显著小于A组（p<0.05）;每小时胆红素下降值及下降率B组显著大于A组和C组（p<0.001和p<0.05）,C组显著大于A组（p<0.05）.而每单位光强度（μw/cm2/nm）每小时胆红素下降值A组明显大于B组和C组（p<0.001）,B组和C组差异无显著性（p>0.05）.3组再次光疗及副作用例数比较差异无显著性（p>0.05）.结论光疗效应随光强度的增加而增加;常规测定光疗强度,使用高强度光疗可避免无效光疗及减少光疗时间;相同光强度下蓝光效果优于白光,白光易观察病情;增大照射的体表面积可以提高光疗效果.     

白光对新生儿高胆红素血症疗效的比较分析

目的探讨白光替代蓝光对新生儿高胆红素血症治疗效果.方法将61例新生儿随机分为蓝光组25例,白光组36例,比较两者疗效及副作用.结果蓝光组有效率92.0%,白光组有效率88.9%,两组无差异(p＞0.05).结论白光与蓝光疗效相当,为新生儿高胆红素血症光疗寻找到一新的光源.     

白光对新生儿高胆红素血症疗效的比较分析

目的　探讨白光替代蓝光对新生儿高胆红素血症治疗效果 .方法　将 6 1例新生儿随机分为蓝光组 2 5例 ,白光组 36例 ,比较两者疗效及副作用 .结果　蓝光组有效率 92 .0 % ,白光组有效率 88.9% ,两组无差异 (p >0 .0 5 ) .结论　白光与蓝光疗效相当 ,为新生儿高胆红素血症光疗寻找到一新的光源     

利培酮合并氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的探讨利培酮合并氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效及副作用.方法将101例难治患者用配对半随机法分成利培酮组（A）、氯氮平组（B）及二药联用组（AB）,疗期8周,用PANSS、CGI、TESS评定疗效及副作用.结果三组8周疗效相似（p>0.05）,有效率A组60.0％、B组61.8％、AB组62.5%;AB组与A组均于第一周起效,治疗2周时AB组疗效较单用组佳（p<0.05）,对阳性症状疗效突出（p<0.05）;AB组副作用比单用组少.结论利培酮与氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症有效,二药联用对某些难治病例更安全有效.     

两种蓝光照射法治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症疗效对比

目的 比较持续蓝光和间断蓝光照射治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症的疗效和副作用.方法 选择168例新生儿高间接胆红素血症并符合光疗指征的患儿,随机分为2组,A组采用持续蓝光照射72h,B组采用间断蓝光照射治疗,每日12h,共3d.结果 两组蓝光照射退黄效果无明显差异,但B组副作用明显减少.结论 间断蓝光照射模式副作用明显少于持续蓝光照射模式,值得临床推广.     

血清SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC及MDA的测定对肺炎诊断的临床意义

目的了解血清SOD、GSH-Px 、T-AOC及MDA在肺炎急性期治疗前后的变化并探讨其临床意义.方法 208例正常人按年龄分组确定血清SOD、GSH-Px 、T-AOC及MDA的正常参考值.测定三类共82例肺炎急性期血清SOD、GSH-Px 、T-AOC及MDA的浓度,并对其中的52例治疗恢复期进行同样项目的测定,治疗前后各指标作比较.结果三类肺炎急性期患者血清SOD、GSH-Px及MDA显著升高、T-AOC显著降低,(p<0.001).恢复期除支气管肺炎四项指标、慢支并肺炎的SOD与GSH-Px及肺炎的GSH-Px等与对照组比较无差异(p>0.05)外,余各组项指标仍存在显著性差异(p<0.05, p<0.01).治疗后各组SOD、GSH-Px及MDA显著下降、T-AOC升高,(p<0.05, p<0.01).正常成年组与未成年组比较,四项指标均有差异(p<0.001).结论血清SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC及MDA的测定有助于了解急性肺炎病情及疗效监测.     

两种蓝光照射法治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症疗效对比

目的比较持续蓝光和间断蓝光照射治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症的疗效和副作用。方法选择168例新生儿高间接胆红素血症并符合光疗指征的患儿,随机分为2组,A组采用持续蓝光照射72h,B组采用间断蓝光照射治疗,每日12h,共3d。结果两组蓝光照射退黄效果无明显差异,但B组副作用明显减少。结论间断蓝光照射模式副作用明显少于持续蓝光照射模式,值得临床推广。     

新生儿窒息缺氧与黄疸的关系

目的探讨新生儿窒息缺氧与黄疸的关系及其临床意义.方法随机选取窒息组和对照组,根据窒息程度分轻、重两组,再根据缺氧改善状况分良好、不良两组,采用黄疸计测量经皮胆红素(TCB),比较5组的TCB变化.结果前3组的TCB差异无显著性(p>0.05);后3组的TCB在生后2、3、6天差异有显著性(p<0.05),其中改善良好组在生后6天TCB比对照组低,差异有显著性(p<0.05),改善不良组在生后2、3天TCB比对照组高,差异有显著性(p<0.05).结论黄疸程度与窒息轻重程度无关,而与缺氧状态持续或反复缺氧相关.     

思密达及妈咪爱联合治疗母乳性黄疸疗效观察

母乳性黄疸的发生率有逐年上升的趋势，本文采用思密达和妈咪爱联合治疗，治疗分A、B2组、A组（非光疗组），分有取药和对照组；B组（光疗组）分服药和对照组。结果：A组两组治疗组有显著疗效（P＜0.01）。B组两组无显著疗效（P＞0.05）。文中讨论了此2种药物的疗效机制。     

预防性和治疗性二极管蓝光照射在低出生体质量儿高胆红素血症防治中的临床价值

目的探讨预防性二极管(LED)蓝光照射和治疗性LED蓝光照射在低出生体质量儿(extremelylowbirth weight infants,ELBWI)高胆红素血症的价值。方法选取我院自2015年3月-2016年3月间收治的90例VLBWI患儿作为实验对象,按照数字随机原则分成两组,A组患者45例采用预防性LED蓝光照射治疗,B组患儿采用治疗性LED蓝光照射治疗,比较两组患儿LED蓝光照射时间、黄疸消退时间差异,记录两组患儿高胆红素血症发生率以及不良反应发生率情况。结果 A组患儿LED蓝光照射时间为B组,P0.05,A组黄疸消退时间、胆红素峰值2项指标均低于B组(P0.05);A组患者高胆红素血症发生率为46.67%,不良反应发生率为15.56%,B组患者依次为71.11%,17.78%,χ~2=5.553,χ~2=0.080,高胆红素血症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论预防性LED蓝光照射防治VLBWI高胆红素血症临床效果显著且安全性高,值得推广。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.