两孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治性切除术近期疗效分析

目的单孔腹腔镜手术虽然取得了不错的临床效果,但其存在手术操作难度大、器械冲突、缺乏对抗牵引及直线视角等问题让很多外科医师望而却步。因此,有术者提出了单切口加一孔(SILS+1)的手术方法。本研究探讨运用SILS+1进行结直肠癌根治性切除术的安全性与可行性。方法采用描述性病例系列研究的方法,回顾性收集从2018年3月至2019年1月在南方医科大学南方医院普通外科进行SILS+1治疗的178例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析患者手术情况、术后病理以及术后恢复情况(术后并发症分级采用Clavien-Dindo标准,疼痛指标为视觉模拟评分法);通过门诊或电话进行随访,随访时间截至2019年5月。结果共有178例患者接受了SILS+1结直肠癌根治性切除术,其中男性患者111例(62.4%);平均年龄59岁。其中有11例(6.2%)患者中转加1~3个操作孔,1例(0.6%)患者因回结肠动脉出血中转开腹。全组患者手术时间为(135.2±42.3)min,术中失血量为(34.6±35.5)ml,淋巴结检出数目为(33.1±17.6)枚,远切缘(10.2±5.3)cm,近切缘(14.7±17.8)cm。术后30 d内16例(9.0%)出现手术相关并发症,其中6例为Clavien-DindoⅢ级并发症(3.4%);术后疼痛评分均低于3分。术后住院时间为(5.6±2.6)d。3例患者(1.7%)术后30 d内因肠梗阻和造口周围感染返院治疗。全组患者美容评分均为满意和基本满意。结论SILS+1治疗结直肠癌具有较好的手术安全性和可行性,可减轻患者术后疼痛。     

Obese patients have similar short-term outcomes to nonobese in laparoscopic colorectal surgery

AIM: To determine whether obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery within an enhanced recovery program had worse short-term outcomes.METHODS: A prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection was carried out between 2008 and 2011 in a single institution. Patients were divided in groups based on body mass index(BMI). Short-term outcomes including operative data, length of stay, complications and readmission rates were recorded and compared between the groups. Continuous data were analysed using t-test or oneway Analysis of Variance. χ2 test was used to compare categorical data.RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty four patients were included over the study period. The majority of individuals(41.7%) recruited were of a healthy weight(BMI 25), whilst 50 patients were classified as obese(19.6%). Patients were matched in terms of the presence of comorbidities and previous abdominal surgery. Obese patients were found to have a statistically significant difference in The American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. Length of surgery and intra-operative blood loss were no different according to BMI.CONCLUSION: Obesity(BMI 25) does not lead to worse short-term outcomes in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and therefore such patients should not be precluded from laparoscopic surgery.     

Impact of surgeon volume and specialization on short-term outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a relationship between surgeon volume and outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of surgeon volume and specialization on primary tumour resection rate, restoration of bowel continuity following rectal cancer resection, anastomotic leakage and perioperative mortality. METHODS: The Northern Region Colorectal Cancer Audit Group conducts a population-based audit of patients with colorectal cancer managed by surgeons. This study examined 8219 patients treated between 1998 and 2002. Outcomes were modelled using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Tumour resection was performed in 6949 (93.8 per cent) of 7411 patients. High-volume surgeons with an annual caseload of at least 18.5 (odds ratio (OR) 1.53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.10 to 2.12); P = 0.012) and colorectal specialists (OR 1.42 (95 per cent c.i. 1.06 to 1.90); P = 0.018) were more likely to perform elective sphincter-saving rectal surgery. In elective surgery, the risk of perioperative death was lower for high-volume surgeons (OR 0.58 (95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.76); P < 0.001), but this was not the case in emergency surgery. CONCLUSION: High-volume surgeons had lower perioperative mortality rates for elective surgery, and were more likely to use restorative rectal procedures.     

Impact of sarcopenia on surgical and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the impact of sarcopenia on short- and long-term outcomes for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsStudy participants were 209 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for any stage of colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2017. Skeletal muscle indices were calculated with preoperative computed tomography. Patients were divided into sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups based on index cut-off values and variables were compared.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 41.1%. Sarcopenic patients experienced shorter operative times and a lower incidence of surgical site infections; however, the incidence of severe postoperative complications and readmission were increased for this group. Although the 3-year disease-free survival rate was not statistically different between groups, sarcopenic patients had a significantly worse 3-year overall survival rate compared with than the non-sarcopenic group.ConclusionSarcopenia has both favorable and unfavorable effects on patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.     

Meta-analysis of short-term outcomes after laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic resection (LR) for colorectal cancer remains to be established. METHODS: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic with those of open resection for colorectal cancer was undertaken. A literature search was performed for relevant articles published by the end of 2002. Two reviewers independently appraised the trials using a predetermined protocol. Results were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis. RESULTS: The outcomes of 2512 procedures from 12 trials were analysed. LR took on average 32.9 per cent longer to perform than open resection but was associated with lower morbidity rates. Specifically, wound infection rates were significantly lower (odds ratio 0.47 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.28 to 0.80); P = 0.005). In patients undergoing LR, the average time to passage of first flatus was reduced by 33.5 per cent, that to tolerance of a solid diet by 23.9 per cent and that to 80 per cent recovery of peak expiratory flow by 44.3 per cent. Early narcotic analgesia requirements were also reduced by 36.9 per cent, pain at rest by 34.8 per cent and during coughing by 33.9 per cent, and hospital stay by 20.6 per cent. There were no significant differences in perioperative mortality or oncological clearance. CONCLUSION: LR for colorectal cancer is associated with lower morbidity, less pain, a faster recovery and a shorter hospital stay than open resection, without compromising oncological clearance.     

Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

Multiple reports have outlined the potential benefits of the laparoscopic approach to colon surgery. Recently, randomized control trials have demonstrated the safety of applying these techniques to colorectal cancer. This study examined the long-term follow-up assessment of patients after laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections and compared them with a large prospective database of open resections. A total of 231 resections were performed for adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum between 1992 and 2004. Of these 231 resections, 93 were rectal (40.3%) and 138 were colonic (59.7%). A total of 8 (3.2%) of the resections were performed as emergencies, and 27 (11.7%) were converted to open surgery. The mean follow-up period was 35.84 months (range, 0-132 months). The disease recurred in 51 of the patients (22.1%) before death, involving 14 (6.1%) local and 37 (16%) distant recurrences. Only two patients had wound recurrences (0.8%), and both patients had widespread peritoneal recurrence at the time of diagnosis. The overall survival rate was 65.3% at 60 months and 60.3% at 120 months. The disease-free survival rate was 58% at 60 months and 56% at 120 months. Laparoscopic techniques can be applied to a wide range of colorectal malignancies without sacrificing oncologic results during a long-term follow-up period.     

Impact of intraoperative blood loss on the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection

Background

Intraoperative blood loss is one of the predictors of outcome of open hepatectomy. But the impact of blood loss in laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) on postoperative outcomes is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between blood loss and postoperative outcomes after LH.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing LH from 1995 to 2016 was performed. The data were divided into two groups based on the extent of blood loss: Group 1 (<250 ml) and Group 2 (≥250 ml). The basic characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between these groups.

Results

A total of 504 patients underwent 611 LH (Group 1: 414 and Group 2: 197). The mean age was 62.4 years. The most common indication was liver secondaries (71.7%). Major hepatectomy was performed in 37% cases. Mean operative time was 225?±?110.5 min and estimated blood loss was 239?±?399.4 ml (range 0–4500 ml). Group 2 had significantly higher number of patients with malignant lesions undergoing major hepatectomy, anatomical resection with higher requirement for blood transfusion, and longer hospital stay. The incidence of conversion rate, overall complications including liver failure, renal failure, and postoperative mortality, was significantly higher in Group 2. However, the bile leak rate was similar in the two groups.

Conclusion

Intraoperative blood loss is most frequent in patients undergoing major LH. Blood loss ≥250 ml during LH may adversely affect the postoperative outcomes.

     

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目的　研究腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对肿瘤切口种植及脏器转移的影响。方法　选用人结肠癌细胞 (Lo Vo细胞 )悬液 (1× 10 7/L) ,OT针注入雌性Balb/C裸鼠盲肠浆膜下 (0 1mL) ,建立人结肠癌细胞裸鼠原位种植模型。 2周后 ,实验裸鼠随机分为 3组 :CO2 人工气腹术组 (31只 )、剖腹术组 (31只 )、和未行手术组 (30只 )。 10周后 ,3组裸鼠均脱颈法处死 ,探查肿瘤细胞原位种植及致瘤鼠肿瘤细胞切口种植及各脏器转移情况。结果　 (1) 3组裸鼠的致瘤率为 :CO2 人工气腹组 2 3/ 31例 ,开腹术组 2 2 / 31例 ,未手术组 2 1/ 30例 ,差异无显著意义。 (2 )CO2 人工气腹术组的 2 3只致瘤鼠中 ,有 2只发生切口种植 ,12只发生脏器转移 ;开腹术组的 2 2只致瘤鼠中 ,有 4只发生切口种植 ,13只发生脏器转移 ;未手术组 2 1只致瘤鼠中 ,有 10只发生脏器转移 ,致瘤裸鼠的切口种植及脏器转移率差异无显著意义。结论　CO2 人工气腹没有促进人结肠癌细胞裸鼠原位种植模型切口种植及脏器转移的发生 ,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术具有一定的安全性与可行性。     

Impact of chronic steroid use on outcomes of colorectal surgery

Background

Steroid use has been recognized as a factor which has various effects on multiple organs. We aim to investigate the association between chronic steroid use and postoperative complications after colorectal surgery.

Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to examine the clinical data of patients undergoing colorectal resection during 2005 to 2013. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate outcomes of patients with chronic steroid use.

Results

We sampled a total of 147,121 patients who underwent colorectal resection. Of these, 11,195 (7.6%) had a history of chronic steroid use. Patients who had chronic steroid use had a higher risk of preoperative sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.41, P < .01), hypoalbuminemia (AOR: 1.49, P < .01), bleeding disorders (AOR: 1.54, P < .01), and diabetes (AOR: 1.11, P = .01). Chronic steroid use was associated with a significant increase in the mortality and morbidity of patients (AOR: 1.56 and 1.25, respectively, P < .01).

Conclusions

Patients with a chronic steroid use have a high risk of preoperative malnutrition, diabetes, bleeding disorders, and sepsis. A history of chronic steroid use was associated with a significant increase in the mortality and morbidity of patients.     

Improved perioperative and short-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional laparoscopic colorectal operations

Background

Robotic assistance may offer unique advantages over conventional laparoscopy in colorectal operations.

Methods

This prospective observational study compared operative measures and postoperative outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic abdominal and pelvic resections for benign and malignant disease.

Results

From 2005 through 2012, 200 (58%) laparoscopic and 144 (42%) robotic operations were performed by a single surgeon. After adjustment for differences in demographics and disease processes using propensity score matching, all laparoscopic operations had a significantly shorter operative time (P < .01), laparoscopic left colectomies had a longer length of hospital stay (2009 and 2010: 6.5 vs 3.6 days, P = .01); and laparoscopic right colectomies had a higher risk for overall complications (P = .03) and postoperative ileus (P = .04). There were no significant differences in the outcomes of pelvic operations (P = .15).

Conclusions

Compared with conventional laparoscopy, some types of robotic-assisted colorectal operations may offer advantages regarding postoperative length of stay and perioperative complications.     

Impact of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer on operative outcomes and survival

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic and open resections for colorectal cancer. Comparison of colectomy in 2 consecutive periods (period 1: January 1996-May 2000; period 2: June 2000-December 2004), with laparoscopic surgery being a surgical option in period 2, was also performed. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Prospective data of 1134 patients (448 in period 1; 656 in period 2) who underwent elective resection for colon and upper rectal cancer (above 12 cm from anal verge) were analyzed. METHODS: The operative outcome and survival were compared between patients who underwent laparoscopic and open resection in period 2. The outcomes of colorectal resections in the 2 periods were also compared. RESULTS: During period 2, the operative mortality rates of patients with laparoscopic (n = 401) and open resection (n = 255) were 0.8% and 3.7%, respectively (P = 0.022), and the morbidity rates were 21.7% and 15.7%, respectively (P = 0.068). The patients who underwent laparoscopic resection had significantly earlier return of bowel function, earlier resumption of diet, and shorter hospital stay. The 3-year overall survivals in those with nondisseminated disease were 74.4% and 78.8% for open and laparoscopic resection, respectively (P = 0.046). The operative morality rates were 4.4% and 2.6% in period 1 and period 2, respectively (P = 0.132). The 3-year overall survivals for patients with nondisseminated disease were 69.7% and 76.1% for period 1 and period 2, respectively (P = 0.019). The overall survivals in patients who underwent open resection in the 2 periods were similar (P = 0.284). CONCLUSIONS: The short-term favorable outcome of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer was confirmed and improvement of survival was observed with the practice of laparoscopic resection.