儿童自身免疫性肝病

儿童自身免疫性肝病是一种由自身免疫反应介导的慢性进行性肝脏疾病,包括自身免疫性肝炎、自身免疫性硬化性胆管炎、肝移植后新发自身免疫性肝炎。近年来儿童自身免疫性肝病的发病率逐渐上升,但临床表现缺乏特异性,有不同于成人的临床特点,现有的IAIHG积分系统并不适合儿童患者,故临床上容易误诊或漏诊。及时应用免疫抑制剂治疗至关重要,可明显改善预后。本文主要对该病的诊治研究进展进行综述。     

儿童自身免疫性肝炎新进展

儿童自身免疫性肝病不是很常见,除了自身免疫性肝炎,还包括自身免疫性硬化性胆管炎、巨细胞肝炎伴自身免疫性溶血、肝移植后新发自身免疫性肝炎以及2个获得性自身免疫性肝病：新生儿狼疮、妊娠同种免疫性肝病(又名新生儿血色病)。涉及本年龄阶段特有的免疫系统和全身的发育特点,决定着儿童的自身免疫性肝病的种类、临床特征、预后转归可能不...     

Clinical analysis in 208 patients with autoimmune liver disease

目的 分析自身免疫性肝病(AILD)的临床、生化及免疫学特点.方法 选择2005年1月～ 2010年12月我院消化内科收治的自身免疫性肝病患者208例,采用回顾性分析方法收集入选患者的临床资料,分析208例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床表现、生化及免疫学特点.结果 自身免疫性肝病的发病以40岁以上女性多见,30.8％ (64/208)的患者确诊时已进展为肝硬化失代偿期,临床症状无特异性,自身免疫性肝炎患者以丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及γ球蛋白升高更为明显(P＜0.05),而原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)升高更为明显(P＜0.05).自身免疫性肝病患者常合并1种或多种肝外自身免疫性疾病,其合并干燥综合征最为常见,自身免疫性肝炎组及原发性胆汁性肝硬化组合并干燥综合征的发生率均达30％以上.自身免疫性肝病患者均有1种或多种自身抗体阳性,其中自身免疫性肝炎组抗核抗体(ANA)阳性率为88.2％,抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性率为7.4％,抗线粒体抗体Ⅱ型(AMA-M2)阳性率为4.4％;原发性胆汁性肝硬化组ANA阳性率为86.6％,AMA阳性率为97.6％,AMA-M2阳性率为95.9％.自身免疫性肝炎患者主要应用糖皮质激素治疗,其中共51例(60.0％)患者单用或联用熊去氧胆酸治疗后肝脏酶学指标改善.结论 生化、免疫学、自身抗体等检查对自身免疫性肝病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义,熊去氧胆酸在自身免疫性肝炎的治疗中有一定的作用.     

儿童自身免疫性肝炎的特点及研究进展

自身免疫性肝炎是一种器官特异性自身免疫病,其发病原因尚不清楚.临床缺乏特异性的症状和体征,发病以女性多见,各年龄段均可发病,多在40岁以后发病,儿童少见,而有关自身免疫性肝炎的研究资料多来自成人,此文就儿童自身免疫性肝炎的研究进展作一综述.     

自身免疫性肝病诊断与治疗进展

自身免疫性肝病是一组由自身免疫介导的慢性肝胆系统损伤性疾病,主要包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化及原发性硬化性胆管炎.本文就自身免疫性肝病的诊断与治疗进展进行综述.     

自身免疫性肝病相关自身抗体检测的临床应用专家共识

自身免疫性肝病是一组由异常自身免疫介导的肝胆炎症性疾病,主要包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎及上述任何两种疾病主要特征同时出现的重叠综合征等。自身免疫性肝病相关自身抗体检测临床应用的标准化,有助于疾病的诊断与分类、预测预后、病情监测及发病机制的研究。     

自身免疫性肝病相关自身抗体检测的临床应用专家共识

自身免疫性肝病是一组由异常自身免疫介导的肝胆炎症性疾病, 主要包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎及上述任何两种疾病主要特征同时出现的重叠综合征等。自身免疫性肝病相关自身抗体检测临床应用的标准化, 有助于疾病的诊断与分类、预测预后、病情监测及发病机制的研究。     

自身免疫性肝病动物模型

自身免疫性肝病主要包括自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC)及重叠综合征.     

肝脏重叠综合征（上）

“重叠综合征”被引入肝脏是描述不同形式的自身免疫性肝病，包括自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）、原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）和原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）。对于这些重叠综合征，是不同形式的实体或是自身免疫性肝病的多样表现还有争论。     

病毒性肝炎的肝外自身免疫现象

除自身免疫性肝病(包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化及硬化性胆管炎)外,病毒性肝炎也可伴有自身免疫现象,而且几乎所有嗜肝病毒包括HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV及EBV都被认为可以诱发自身免疫反应而导致肝脏免疫病理损伤及肝外自身免疫现象。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Pulmonary sporotrichosis in Oklahoma in susceptibilities in vitro

Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried.