内镜及活检病理对回盲部溃疡的鉴别诊断

目的评价内镜及活检病理对回盲部溃疡性病变病因的诊断价值。方法经内镜检查发现回盲部溃疡，结合临床表现和活检病理对证实的回盲部溃疡改变如肠结核病、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、恶性淋巴瘤、大肠癌（溃疡型）进行鉴别诊断。结果内镜检查对溃疡性结肠炎、大肠癌较易诊断；对肠结核病、克罗恩病、恶性淋巴瘤诊断率不高。内镜组织活检病理形态学研究表明：异型淋巴细胞、异型上皮、类上皮结节合并干酪样坏死分别相对于恶性淋巴瘤、溃疡型大肠癌和肠结核病均有确诊意义（P〈0．05）；单纯类上皮结节（即结节样肉芽肿）见于克罗恩病和肠结核病，若未发现肠结核干酪样坏死，两者不易鉴别；隐窝脓肿多见于溃疡性结肠炎，但该病理特征诊断意义不强，可见于多种病变。结论回盲部病变以溃疡型病变最为多见。内镜及活检组织病理学检查对回首部溃疡病变的诊断是安全有效的，综合分析其结果可进一步提高诊断准确率。     

胃肠道结核的内镜与病理

目的总结胃肠道结核的内镜诊断经验，以引起对这个特殊疾病的重视，减少漏诊和误诊。方法内镜检查发现胃肠道黏膜隆起、结节、红斑、溃疡等病变，行黏膜活检病理。结果7例患者中，胃结核2例，其中溃疡型1例，增殖型1例；肠结核5例，其中增殖型4例，混合型1例。病变部位：胃窦部2例，回肠末端1例，回盲瓣1例，回肠末端和回盲瓣1例，回肠末端及结肠多处病变1例，升结肠1例。内镜诊断：1例结合有浸润型肺结核诊断为肠结核，2例诊断为结肠恶性肿瘤，4例诊断为胃肠黏膜隆起或溃疡性病变性质待定。7例患者活检组织病理均为干酪样坏死肉芽肿，符合结核。结论胃肠道结核病内镜下表现多种多样，与结肠癌、克罗恩病等炎性肠病及胃良恶性溃疡难以鉴别，需依赖黏膜活检病理诊断。     

肠结核与克罗恩病的临床鉴别及肠黏膜结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应检测的意义

目的总结肠结核与克罗恩病临床症状、内镜、病理表现的差异及肠黏膜组织结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应（polymerasechain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis,TB-PCR）对二者鉴别诊断的意义。方法回顾分析1994年1月-2006年2月于我院确诊的42例肠结核和60例克罗恩病病例,记录患者的临床、内镜、病理表现特点及肠黏膜TB-PCR检测结果。结果克罗恩病患者临床表现为消化道出血者占56.9%（33/58）,较肠结核（16.1%,5/31）多见（P〈0.001）;29.3%克罗恩病患者有肠外表现（口腔溃疡、皮疹、关节痛、肛周病变）,而肠结核患者未见;内镜下克罗恩病表现为纵行/裂隙样溃疡（44.9%,22/49）、卵石征（28.6%,14/49）、节段性病变（51.0%,25/49）多于肠结核（7.7%、3.9%、0）（P值分别为0.001、0.011、0.000）;克罗恩病患者肠黏膜组织病理表现为淋巴细胞聚集占34%（18/53）,小血管炎占26.4%（14/53）,明显较肠结核多见（0%、3.8%）（P值分别为0.001、0.016）。82.4%（14/17）的肠结核患者试验性抗结核1-2周症状改善,而5例克罗恩病患者试验性抗结核治疗4-8周均无效。肠黏膜组织TB-PCR检测阳性率肠结核组为11.5%（3/26）;与CD组（14.3%,3/21）比较无显著差异（P〉0.5）。结论肠结核与克罗恩病鉴别需结合临床表现、内镜、影像学表现综合判断;肠黏膜TB-PCR对肠结核与CD鉴别诊断的意义有限;试验性抗结核治疗及内镜随访仍是鉴别肠结核与克罗恩病的有效方法。     

回肠末端溃疡性病变145例内镜与病理特点

目的探讨回肠末端溃疡病变的内镜与病理特点。方法回顾性分析6年来回肠末端溃疡性病变的临床、内镜及病理资料。结果 145例回肠末端溃疡性病变中男女之比为0.99∶1。内镜表现以片状溃疡为多见,病变为多发性,病理检查类型例数依次为黏膜非特异性炎症、克罗恩病、肠结核及淋巴瘤。结论回肠末端溃疡性病变临床表现无特异性,明确诊断有赖肠镜联合病理活检。     

胃十二指肠克罗恩病临床及超声内镜特征

目的探讨胃十二指肠克罗恩病的临床特点和超声内镜表现。方法收集1999年1月～2007年6月复旦大学附属中山医院确诊为胃十二指肠克罗恩病的相关资料并进行随访。结果 5例胃十二指肠克罗恩病患者中,1例胃克罗恩病,临床表现为中上腹胀痛和恶心,内镜表现为胃黏膜皱襞增粗僵硬伴纵行溃疡形成,超声内镜表现为胃壁黏膜及黏膜下层广泛增厚,呈均匀偏高回声。4例十二指肠球部克罗恩病,临床表现为反复上腹饱胀伴呕吐,内镜表现为十二指肠铺路石样改变、溃疡或狭窄,超声内镜表现为黏膜和黏膜下层广泛增厚。胃克罗恩病术前疑为恶性肿瘤,行全胃切除术。十二指肠球部克罗恩病经病理组织学、结肠镜检查等明确诊断,应用泼尼松等治疗缓解。结论胃镜检查病理阴性的胃十二指肠病灶应考虑克罗恩病可能,超声内镜有助于诊断的确立及与浸润性肿瘤的鉴别,结肠镜检查有助于发现回结肠病变并协助诊断克罗恩病。     

双气囊小肠镜鉴别诊断克罗恩病与小肠结核的价值

目的: 探讨双气囊小肠镜在克罗恩病与小肠结核鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:对38例临床怀疑小肠克罗恩病、小肠结核的患者进行小肠镜检查. 内镜诊断与病理和临床随访相结合, 评价双气囊小肠镜在两种疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值.结果: 在38例患者中, 经病理和临床随访确诊克罗恩病18例, 小肠结核20例. 经双气囊小肠镜检查诊断为小肠克罗恩病14例, 检出率36.8%(14/38), 符合率77.8%(14/18);小肠结核为18例检出率47.4%(18/38), 符合率90.0%(18/20).结论:双气囊小肠镜是小肠克罗恩病与小肠结核鉴别诊断较为理想的方法, 并能对病变范围和严重程度作出正确的判断.     

克罗恩病与肠结核鉴别诊断方法的评价

目的　对克罗恩病与肠结核的鉴别诊断方法进行评价 ,寻找更好的鉴别诊断策略。方法　采用回顾性方法 ,将 1990～ 2 0 0 4年武汉大学人民医院既往确诊的克罗恩病与肠结核病例资料各 30例进行复习 ,分析其临床表现、放射影像学、内镜和组织病理学特征的异同之处 ,其结果行Pearson相关分析。结果　克罗恩病的内镜表现以铺路石样改变、节段性病变及非对称性的纵行溃疡为主 ,其病理表现主要是裂隙样溃疡、非干酪样肉芽肿、淋巴细胞聚集。肠结核的内镜表现以溃疡和假息肉为主 ,其病理表现主要是肠壁和淋巴结的干酪样坏死、黏膜肌层的破坏。两组病例的主要临床表现、系统钡餐和 (或 )钡剂灌肠检查和内窥镜表现呈正相关 ,γ分别为 0 .976、0. 975和 0 .96 1。两组病例的病理学特征无相关性 ,γ为 0. 12 9。两组病例在确诊前容易相互误诊 ,误诊率分别为 36. 7%和 5 0 . 0 %。结论　内镜和病理检查对于CD和肠结核的鉴别作用较大 ,临床表现和放射影像学检查可起到协助鉴别作用。     

内镜及病理学检查在克罗恩病和肠结核鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 评价内镜及组织病理学检查在克罗恩病和肠结核的鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性复习经手术证实的克罗恩病和肠结核各30例资料，对其临床、内镜表现、手术记录等进行分析，并重新审读病理切片。结果 内镜诊断克罗恩病的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为80．0％、25．6％和49．3％，而在肠结核中的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为86．7％、46．2％和63．8％。克罗恩病的病理学特征有非干酪样肉芽肿、粘膜下层增宽、裂隙样溃疡和淋巴细胞聚集；肠结核的病理特征有肠壁或肠淋巴结干酪样坏死、粘膜下层变窄或闭缩。结论 尽管找到了克罗恩病和肠结核的临床、内镜和组织病理学特征，但手术标本的组织病理学在鉴别诊断中仍起决定作用。     

克罗恩病与肠结核临床、内镜及病理特征对比分析

目的对比分析克罗恩病与肠结核的临床、内镜及病理特征。方法选取南方医科大学珠江医院2006年3月-2012年3月住院并确诊为克罗恩病、肠结核的患者资料,进行回顾性分析,其中克罗恩病组(CD组)39例,肠结核组(ITB组)34例。结果 CD组血便多于ITB组,而ITB组盗汗、腹水多于CD组(P均0.05);CD组合并瘘管形成较多,ITB组则多合并肠外结核,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);ITB组PPD试验阳性率明显高于CD组(P0.05);CD组纵形溃疡、鹅卵石征、节段性改变、假性息肉、黏膜桥多见,而ITB组环形溃疡、回盲瓣受累明显(P均0.05);裂隙状溃疡仅见于CD,干酪样肉芽肿仅见于ITB。结论临床上应综合分析二者的临床特征,结合内镜及病理对其鉴别诊断进行综合分析,才能进一步提高诊断的准确率。     

内镜结合病理检查在溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的评价内镜及病理检查在溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病鉴别诊断中的价值.方法回顾性分析161例溃疡性结肠炎和89例克罗恩病的临床资料,对其病变分布、内镜结果及病理检查进行了分析.结果克罗恩病好发于末段回肠、右半结肠及上消化道,而溃疡性结肠炎好发于直肠.克罗恩病的病理特征有非干酪样肉芽肿、裂隙样溃疡、淋巴细胞聚集、全层炎;溃疡性结肠炎的病理学特征有弥漫性或灶性黏膜炎症、隐窝脓肿、黏膜糜烂及溃疡.结论内镜结合病理检查在溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病鉴别诊断中起到决定性作用,尤其手术标本的病理检查对CD诊断价值较大.     

如何通过黏膜活检和超声内镜提供IBD的诊断线索

炎症性肠病(IBD)包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,与肠道结核、淋巴瘤等均以肠道溃疡为特征,诊断往往依赖病理诊断金标准。但在临床上由于病理活检取材的局限,常不能提供疾病确诊的病理学依据,因而相互间的鉴别诊断较困难,常为临床上的治疗带来困惑。本文根据作者长期的内镜活检和超声内镜检查经验,介绍如何通过黏膜活检和超声内镜提供IBD的诊断线索,为临床医生确诊该类疾病提供借鉴和帮助。     

电子结肠镜检查回盲部病变12328例分析

目的探讨皖南地区回盲部病变的发病情况及内镜下特点。方法回顾总结分析皖南医学院附属医院内窥镜中心近4年来肠镜检查中发现的回盲部病变发病情况及内镜下特点。结果 2009年9月至2013年6月共行电子结肠镜检查12 328例,发现回盲部病变225例。其中回盲部息肉76例,恶性肿瘤40例,慢性炎症37例,憩室20例,溃疡18例,外压隆起9例,阑尾病变5例,间质瘤4例,克罗恩病3例,肠结核2例,血管病变2例,血吸虫肠病2例,囊肿1例,脂肪瘤1例,未明确诊断的隆起灶5例。在肠镜检查中,回盲部发病率较低,发病率为1.83%,但回盲部病变的种类繁多,总体上以良性病变为主,良性病变占80.00%,恶性病变占17.78%,未明确的隆起病灶占2.22%。良性病变中主要以息肉为主,占良性病变的42.22%;恶性病变主要以腺癌为主,占恶性病变的77.50%。结论常规结肠镜加上病理组织学检查是诊断回盲部病变的主要手段,结合超声肠镜可提高诊断准确率。     

Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in asymptomatic patients

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy with terminal ileoscopy is crucial for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. This report describes characteristic endoscopic findings in patients with intestinal tuberculosis with few or no clinical symptoms. METHODS: Data for 11 consecutive patients in whom a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis was made during the last 15 years in one facility were reviewed. Clinical findings and the frequency of endoscopic findings were evaluated. Mucosal lesions were classified into 4 types: type 1, circumferential ulceration with nodules; type 2, round or irregularly shaped small ulcers, arranged circumferentially, without nodules; type 3, multiple erosions restricted to the large intestine; and type 4, small ulcers or erosions restricted to the ileum. The gross endoscopic appearance of healed lesions included patulous ileocecal valve, pseudodiverticular deformity, and atrophic mucosal areas with aggregated ulcer scars. RESULTS: Only one patient had remarkable clinical symptoms (anorexia and weight loss), whereas, the other 10 had few or no symptoms. The frequency of type 1, 2, 3, and 4 endoscopic findings was, respectively, 36%, 36%, 9%, and 18%. The frequencies for patulous ileocecal valve, pseudodiverticular deformity, and atrophic mucosal area were, respectively, 45%, 45%, and 91%. CONCLUSIONS: When colonoscopy is performed in asymptomatic patients, it is important to be aware of subtle endoscopic findings that are characteristic for intestinal tuberculosis. Recognition of such findings may lead to a correct diagnosis of early stage intestinal tuberculosis.     

Colonoscopy evaluation after short-term anti-tuberculosis treatment in nonspecific ulcers on the ileocecal area

AIM： TO evaluate the efficacy of colonoscopy follow-up after short-term anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with nonspecific ulcers on ileocecal areas being suspicious of tuberculous colitis. METHODS： We prospectively analyzed the colonoscopic findings before and after short term anti- tuberculosis treatment in 18 patients with nonspecific ulcers on the ileocecal area and compared them with 7 patients of confirmed tuberculous colitis by acid-fast bacilli or caseating granuloma on colonic biopsy. RESULTS： Mean duration for short-term follow- up was 107.3 d with combined chemotherapy containing isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Seven patients with tuberculous colitis showed complete healing of active ulcers after short-term medication. After short-term anti-tuberculosis treatment, follow-up colonoscopy findings devided 18 patients with nonspecific ulcers into two groups by ulcer state. One is the ＂suspicious tuberculous colitis group＂ showing healing of ulcers and erosions and another is the ＂suspicious inflammatory bowel disease group＂ showing active ulcers with or without aggravation of the lesion. Finally, all 9 of the ＂suspicious tuberculous colitis group＂ were diagnosed as tuberculous colitis showing no recurrence of ulcers after termination of 9 mo of anti-tuberculosis medication. Patients of the ＂suspicious inflammatory bowel disease group＂ were finally diagnosed as Crohn＇ s disease or nonspecific colonic ulcers during long-term follow up, CONCLUSION： Follow-up colonoscopy shows a healing stage ulcer or scarring change without an active ulcer with just 2 mo to 3 mo of medication in patients with tuberculous colitis. Colonoscopy follow-up after short term anti-tuberculosis trial in patients with nonspecific ulcers on the ileocecal area is valuable in making early differential diagnosis of tuberculous colitis.     

Ileocecal Ulcer in Central China: Case Series

Diseases of the ileocecal junction are mostly ulcerative. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of colonoscopy on the diagnosis of the causes of ileocecal ulcer. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and endoscopic and histopathologic features of 52 hospitalized cases of ileocecal ulcer were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, the causes of ileocecal ulcer were intestinal tuberculosis (32.7%), Crohn’s disease (19.2%), carcinoma of the cecum (17.3%), ulcerative colitis (UC; 13.5%), solitary ulcer of the colon (9.6%), lymphoma (5.8%), and leiomyoma (1.9%).The concordance rate of diagnosis at endoscopy to final diagnosis was 78.8%; the rate of endoscopic misdiagnosis was 21.2%. The concordance rate of clinical diagnosis before colonoscopy to the final diagnosis was 17.3%. Colonoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis of the diseases that lead to ileocecal ulcer. However, colonoscopy may cause some erroneous diagnosis. To attain the correct diagnosis, endoscopic features, pathologic results, and the other clinical data should be analyzed together.     

三种常见回肠末端溃疡性病变小肠细菌过度生长情况的研究

目的 探讨克罗恩病、肠结核、淋巴瘤三种常见回肠末端溃疡性病变小肠细菌过生长（SIBO）的情况.方法 选择近5年在我院首次住院确诊的,且内镜下仅回肠末端或合并回盲部、回盲瓣存在溃疡性病变的克罗恩病组、肠结核组、淋巴瘤组三组患者,治疗前通过葡萄糖氢呼气试验（GHBT）分别检测其SIBO情况,并与健康对照组进行组间比较分析.结果 三组回肠末端溃疡性病变患者与健康对照组的SIBO阳性率及试餐后呼气氢浓度比较均有显著差异（P＜0.01）.肠结核组患者的SIBO阳性率及试餐后呼气氢浓度较克罗恩病组和淋巴瘤组明显增高,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 回肠末端溃疡性病变患者容易发生SIBO,特别是肠结核患者尤为明显,通过呼气氢浓度检测,有利于针对性地进行下一步诊治.     

肠结核与克罗恩病、肠淋巴瘤的临床特点分析

目的探讨肠结核（ITB）、克罗恩病（CD）和原发性肠淋巴瘤（PIL）的临床特点,以期发现对肠结核有鉴别意义的指标。方法回顾性分析2005年5月-2010年10月武汉大学人民医院和中南医院30例肠结核、38例克罗恩病、15例原发性肠淋巴瘤患者的病例资料。结果肠结核患者来自农村、首发腹痛、结核中毒症状、伴肠外结核、白蛋白下降、PPD强阳性、仅右半结肠受累及横行溃疡较克罗恩病多见;克罗恩病患者来自城市,首发大便改变、病程长且反复、肠壁增厚、直肠受累、节段性分布、纵形溃疡较肠结核多见。肠结核患者30岁以下者、纳差、乏力、溃疡形成较原发性肠淋巴瘤多见;原发性肠淋巴患者瘤肿块、肠穿孔、急诊手术、肠壁增厚、小肠受累、单节段受累较肠结核多见。差异均有统计学意义。结论肠结核与克罗恩病、原发性肠淋巴瘤各自有一定的特异性。获取详尽信息综合分析及诊断性治疗仍为肠结核鉴别诊断的核心。     

67例小肠克罗恩病的临床分析

背景：克罗恩病（CD）好发于末端回肠和回盲部,临床表现多种多样,但检查手段有限。目的：探讨小肠CD的临床特点和诊治情况。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月～2007年12月南京鼓楼医院收治的小肠CD患者的临床资料。结果：共纳入67例小肠CD患者,男女之比为4．15：1,诊断年龄13—79岁．其中20—29岁和50—59岁为两个发病高峰。临床症状主要表现为黑便或血便或脓血便43例（64．2％）、腹痛36例（53．7％）、贫血27例（40．3％）、腹泻26例（38．8％）。最常见的并发症为肠梗阻,穿孔少见。结肠镜下可见节段性病变、黏膜充血水肿、铺路石样改变等：胶囊内镜下表现为多发不规则溃疡、线样溃疡、阿弗他溃疡;手术病理活检示全壁性炎症、深裂隙状纵行溃疡、结节样肉芽肿。病变多位于末端回肠和（或）回盲部（49.3％）。接受胶囊内镜和结肠镜检查者经内科治疗后症状得到控制。14例患者因消化道出血、肠梗阻、穿孔而行手术治疗。结论：小肠CD的诊断较困难,可首选结肠镜检查。若无完全性肠梗阻可行胶囊内镜检查。与结肠镜和小肠造影检查相比．胶囊内镜对于早期小肠CD的诊断和患者病情的评估有一定优势,可推迟部分患者的第一次手术时间。     

Clinical and endoscopic features of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colonic ulcerations

OBJECTIVE: Clinical and endoscopic features of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced colonic ulcerations have not been fully investigated. METHODS: During a 3-yr period from April 1996 to March 1999, 6076 subjects underwent total colonoscopy at our institutions. Among them, the diagnosis of NSAID-induced colonic ulceration was made by their clinical and colonoscopic findings. All patients diagnosed as having this disease underwent upper endoscopy and follow-up colonoscopy. Clinical features, serial changes in colonoscopic findings, and upper GI lesions were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the subjects, 14 patients were diagnosed as having NSAID-induced ulcerations. Seven patients were complicated by renal failure. Three patients had gastric ulcers concurrently. Eleven patients had colonic lesions in the ileocecal region. In 13 of 14 patients, initial colonoscopy demonstrated sharply demarcated, semilunar or circumferential ulcers without stricture formation. After discontinuance of NSAIDs, improvement of the ulcers without stricture or inflammatory polyps could be confirmed 3-10 wk later. In one patient with diaphragm-like stricture, follow-up colonoscopy performed 2 yr later demonstrated resolution of circumferential ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: NSAID-induced colonic ulceration may occur more frequently than previously recognized. Frank ulcerations, rather than stricture formation, seem to be the typical colonoscopic signs of NSAID-induced colonic ulceration.