卵巢癌对顺铂耐药机制的研究进展

卵巢癌的发病率在女性生殖器恶性肿瘤中占第三位，但其患者死亡率却居首位。在细胞减灭术的基础上施以以顺铂为主的联合化疗方案已成为卵巢癌的常规治疗方案。据报道：Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的卵巢癌患者采用联合化疗．其完全缓解率可达60％-80％。但在实际临床应用中却并非如此。近30年来卵巢癌患者的5年生存率一直徘徊于30％-50％之间。其主要原因就是卵巢癌对化疗药物产生了耐爱性。约75％-80％的卵巢上皮癌开始对化疗有反应．其余则表现为原发耐药．最终所有化疗患者至少80％出现耐药。因此，耐药的产生直接影响化疗效果及生存率。如何尽早发现耐药度克服耐药是急需解决的问题。     

肿瘤患者化疗期间的血栓形成及抗凝治疗

大量数据表明肿瘤患者化疗期间血栓形成的相关事件明显增加.化疗期间抗凝治疗不但可有效改善患者高凝状态,预防血栓发生,还具有潜在的抗肿瘤作用,延长患者的生存期.     

ERCC1与顺铂耐药的研究进展

顺铂广泛应用于恶性肿瘤的化疗,但耐药性的产生严重影响其疗效。顺铂耐药的机制尚不十分清楚,目前普遍认为核苷酸切除修复(nucleotide excision repair,NER)是顺铂耐药的重要机制之一。NER途径是一个复杂的过程,其中DNA损伤的识别/切除为其限速步骤。ERCC1是一种高度保守的DNA核酸内切酶,是NER途径的限速酶。ERCC1基因的表达产物与DNA修复酶缺乏互补基因F(XPF)形成紧密的异二聚体(ERCC1-XPF),该二聚体具有识别损伤和5′端切除的双重作用,在NER中起到限速或调节的重要作用。对卵巢癌、宫颈癌、睾丸癌、膀胱癌及非小细胞肺癌等的研究表明ERCC1的表达与顺铂耐受性相关。抑制ERCC1的表达可克服顺铂耐药性,提高治疗效果。     

卵巢癌顺铂耐药性研究进展

卵巢癌顺铂耐药是困扰广大学者的难题,近年来研究发现除细胞内药物蓄积和DNA损伤修复以外,基因和凋亡调控因子的变化在其中亦起着重要作用.同时细胞外基质、热休克蛋白等相关因素的发现也为人们提供了新思路.现综述上述领域以及耐药逆转方面的研究成果.     

卵巢癌顺铂耐药性研究进展

卵巢癌顺铂耐药是困扰广大学者的难题，近年来研究发现除细胞内药物蓄积和DNA伤修复以外，基因和凋亡调控因子的变化在其中亦起着重要作用。同时细胞外基质、热休克蛋白等相关因素的发现也为人们提供了新思路。现综述上述领域以及耐药逆转方面的研究成果。     

宫颈癌顺铂耐药研究进展

顺铂（DDP）作为第一个被发现的金属抗癌药物,是目前最有潜力和应用最广泛的抗肿瘤药物。顺铂在宫颈癌的治疗中尤为重要,目前已被推荐为同步放化疗的首选药物。但随着广泛的使用,顺铂的耐药性逐渐显露出来,并成为限制临床疗效和部分患者肿瘤治疗进展的主要原因之一。顺铂的耐药机制复杂,发生环节较多,但具体耐药机制尚不明确,目前按照顺铂耐药发生的环节可分为:①顺铂在血液循环过程中产生耐药;②顺铂通过细胞膜的流入或流出产生耐药;③顺铂在胞质中产生耐药;④顺铂与DNA结合后产生耐药。本文综述了宫颈癌顺铂耐药可能发生的四个环节及克服耐药常用的手段,为提高顺铂对宫颈癌的疗效提供依据。     

p38MAPK对卵巢癌顺铂耐药作用及机制的探讨

目的:研究p38MAPK在卵巢上皮癌顺铂化疗耐药中的作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法:蛋白质印迹法检测顺铂对卵巢癌中p38MAPK的激活情况 ;MTT法检测p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580处理后及p38 shRNA干扰后细胞顺铂耐药指数的变化 ;实时定量PCR技术检测SB203580处理后及p38 shRNA干扰后,耐药蛋白ERCC1、MDR、LRP、GST-π及凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Survivin等mRNA的表达变化.结果:在一定时间浓度梯度下,顺铂可诱导卵巢癌顺铂敏感株COC1及耐药株COC1/DDP细胞内p38MAPK的激活,但耐药株的激活程度弱于敏感株 ;p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580及p38 shRNA干扰可增加卵巢癌细胞株的耐药指数(t=4.610,P=0.041 ;t=11.621,P=0.000) ;SB203580及p38 shRNA干扰后Survivin mRNA(t=5.152,P=0.007 ;t=6.008,P=0.004)、ERCC1 mRNA(t=13.742,P=0.005;t=11.621,P=0.000)及LRPmRNA(t=8.173,P=0.001 ;t=16.815,P=0.000)的表达明显上调.结论:p38MAPK受抑制可能导致卵巢上皮性癌顺铂耐药的产生,其机制可能是通过上调Survivin、ERCC1及LRP的mRNA表达来实现.     

微小RNA与卵巢癌铂类耐药的研究进展

微小RNA(micmRNA,miBNA)是广泛存在于生物体内的一类非编码的小RNA,miRNA是细胞增殖、死亡、应激抗性和脂肪代谢的关键调节因素,体外实验已经证实miRNA在卵巢癌耐药中起重要作用.卵巢癌铂类耐药的产生与发展是十分复杂的过程,研究结果显示,miRNA的表达对卵巢癌细胞株的铂类药物敏感性有着重要作用,能够...     

卵巢癌化疗耐药机制研究进展

卵巢癌是妇科常见的恶性肿瘤,死亡率居妇科肿瘤之首。化疗是目前治疗卵巢癌的重要手段之一。化疗耐药是影响晚期卵巢癌患者预后的主要原因。卵巢癌化疗耐药是多基因多因素共同参与的结果。近年来,多药耐药相关基因及耐药相关蛋白等的发现揭示了卵巢癌耐药机制,可以利用其来预测临床化疗的效果。现就卵巢癌化疗耐药机制研究进展作一综述。     

卵巢癌细胞对顺铂耐药机制的研究

目的：探明卵巢癌对顺铂产生耐药的机理。方法：采用顺铂体外诱导法建立卵巢癌耐药细胞株ＨＯ－８９１０/２。ＭＴＴ法测定其耐药倍数和交叉耐药性,原子收法测定细胞内Ｐt浓度,分光光度法测定ＧＳＨ、ＧＳＴ,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,检测bcl-2和Ｐ－ＧＰ的表达,结果：ＨＯ－８９１０/２耐顺铂是亲代细胞ＨＯ－８９１０的６．６倍,与５－Ｆ Ｕ,ＡＤＲ有交叉耐药性。对照亲代细胞,耐药细胞中ＧＳＨ含量与ＧＳＴ活性明显增高,     

Induction of p53 and drug resistance following treatment with cisplatin or paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cell lines

Treatment failures result from resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. The effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel treatments on chemosensitivity was studied in ovarian cancer cells developed from a patient with stage IIIC disease. Cells (UL-3A, UL-3B) that recovered from cisplatin (Cis) and paclitaxel (Tax) treatments showed higher levels of p53, mdr-1 and chemoresistance than untreated controls. EC50 values of Cis and Tax for UL-3A clones were 7.2-34.6, average 20.9 microg/ml, while UL-3B clones ranged from 11.8-252.0 microg/ml, with a mean value of 73.2 microg/ml for Cis, and 260.0-4400.0 nM (mean 2555.0 nM) for Tax. Selection pressures during treatment may contribute to drug resistance.     

卵巢癌化疗耐药及逆转耐药基因水平研究进展

卵巢癌细胞对化疗产生耐药的机制主要有肿瘤细胞内有效药物浓度降低、DNA损伤修复功能异常和细胞凋亡调控异常3个方面.逆转卵巢癌细胞耐药主要包括反义基因治疗、RNA干预、化疗药物的联合应用等.     

Selenium compounds prevent the induction of drug resistance by cisplatin in human ovarian tumor xenografts in vivo

Purpose: The development of drug resistance is a major cause for the failure of chemotherapy, particularly in ovarian cancer. Most previous research has focused on approaches to reverse drug resistance once it has arisen, that is, on the use of agents which can make drug-resistant tumors more sensitive to chemotherapy. We have suggested the feasibility of an alternative approach: the use of specific agents to prevent the development of resistance. Methods: We designed an in vivo system to assay for the ability of compounds to prevent the induction of resistance by cisplatin. In this system, mice bearing tumors (which originated from A2780 human ovarian tumor cells) were treated with a low dose (2.6 mg/kg) of cisplatin and the tumors rapidly developed resistance to subsequent cisplatin treatment. Cell lines initiated from these tumors retained the resistant phenotype even after several months in culture. Results: When either selenite or selenomethionine were administered (i.p., 1.5 mg/kg) close to the time of the initial cisplatin treatment, the induction of resistance was prevented. Similar treatments with sulfite or methionine had no effect on the induction of resistance by cisplatin. Studies in cells from treated tumors have indicated that the selenium compounds may prevent the induction of resistance by preventing a cisplatin-induced increase in glutathione level. Conclusions: Selenium compounds specifically prevent the induction by cisplatin of drug resistance in human ovarian tumors in vivo. Received: 20 October 1999 / Accepted: 14 February 2000     

p62/SQSTM1 involved in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by clearing ubiquitinated proteins

Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cancer cells are not fully understood. Here, we show a critical role for the ubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells (HOCCs). Specifically, we found that cisplatin-resistant SKOV3/DDP cells express much higher levels of p62 than do cisplatin-sensitive SKOV3 cells. The protein p62 binds ubiquitinated proteins for transport to autophagic degradation, reducing apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in SKOV3/DDP cells. Knockdown of p62 or inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine resensitises SKOV3/DDP cells to cisplatin. Collectively, our data indicate that p62 acts as a receptor or adaptor for autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and plays an important role in preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis, leading to cisplatin resistance in HOCCs.     

PAFR对卵巢癌细胞顺铂敏感性的影响及机制研究

背景与目的：目前卵巢癌的治疗方式仍是手术及术后辅助铂类药物为主的化疗,但复发率高,容易耐药。前期研究已证实血小板活化因子受体（platelet-activating factor receptor,PAFR）在上皮性卵巢癌中高表达,且能促进卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭及转移。探索顺铂（cisplatin,CDDP）作用后卵巢癌细胞中PAFR的表达变化及其对卵巢癌细胞CDDP敏感性的影响,并对其机制进行初步探讨,旨在为卵巢癌靶向治疗及克服CDDP耐药提供新方法。方法：采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）及实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR）检测不同浓度的CDDP作用于卵巢癌细胞株（SKOV-3和CAOV-3）不同时间后各组细胞PAFR的表达情况。采用Western blot及免疫荧光法验证CDDP作用于卵巢癌细胞后核因子κB（nuclear factor Kappa-B,NF-κB）/p65及缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）的表达。采用Western blot及RTFQ-PCR检测小RNA干扰沉默NF-κB及HIF-1α后PAFR的表达情况。采用细胞增殖和凋亡实验检测抑制PAFR表达后对卵巢癌细胞CDDP敏感性的影响。采用Western blot验证CDDP和（或）PAFR抑制剂作用细胞后下游信号通路关键分子P70S6K/AKT/ERK的变化情况。结果：CDDP能够引起卵巢癌细胞中PAFR表达升高,并呈现剂量及时间依赖性（P＜0.01）。CDDP能够引起转录因子NF-κB及HIF-1α的核聚集,沉默NF-κB及HIF-1α后,CDDP诱导的PAFR表达下降。PAFR特异性小分子拮抗剂WEB2086或RNA干扰抑制PAFR表达均能显著提高卵巢癌细胞对于CDDP的敏感性,即细胞增殖能力明显降低（P＜0.01）,而凋亡率明显升高（P＜0.01）。CDDP作用于卵巢癌细胞后,表达升高的PAFR能够激活下游的AKT及ERK信号通路分子。结论：CDDP作用于卵巢癌细胞后能够引起转录因子NF-κB及HIF-1α的核聚集从而上调PAFR的表达。抑制PAFR表达能够增加卵巢癌细胞对CDDP的敏感性,可能成为卵巢癌靶向治疗的新方法。     

Targeting superoxide dismutase 1 to overcome cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer

Purpose  Clinical drug resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is considered a major impediment in the treatment of human ovarian cancer. Multiple pathways associated with drug resistance have been suggested by many previous studies. Over expression of several key proteins involved in DNA repair, drug transport, redox regulation, and apoptosis has been recently reported by our group using a global quantitative proteomic profiling approach. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of these proteins consistently over-expressed in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared to their sensitive counterparts, but its precise role in drug resistance is yet to be defined. Method  In the current study, we examined the role of SOD1 in drug resistance by inhibiting its redox activity in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells using a small-molecule inhibitor, triethylenetetramine (TETA). The effect of TETA was determined by the cell proliferation assay, clonogenic cell survival assay, and SOD1 activity assay. Results  The inhibition of the SOD1 activity enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity in the resistant cells supporting the hypothesis that SOD1 is a key determinant of cisplatin resistance and is an exploitable target to overcome cisplatin drug resistance. Conclusion  SOD1 plays an important role in cisplatin resistance and modulation of its activity may overcome this resistance and ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes.     

非小细胞肺癌顺铂化疗耐药相关微RNA的筛选及鉴定

 目的　探讨肿瘤细胞微RNA（miRNA）对化疗药物敏感性的作用。方法　通过miRNA芯片技术检测顺铂（DDP）耐药细胞株A549／DDP与非耐药细胞株A549的miRNA表达的差异,利用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术验证相应miRNA的表达情况,通过在细胞株中抑制或过表达目标miRNA,研究其对细胞化疗药物敏感性的影响。结果　A549／DDP细胞对DDP的耐药为A549细胞的18倍。A549／DDP细胞与A549细胞存在51个表达水平差异在4倍以上的miRNA,其中24个表达上调,27个表达下调。PCR进一步证实miR-376c、miR-31、miR-29a、miR-221在A549／DDP细胞中显著上调,miR-196a、miR-20a、miR-20b、miR-17、miR-451在A549／DDP细胞中显著下调。在提高A549／DDP细胞中miR-17的表达后,细胞对DDP的敏感度增加了11.7 %,提高miR-451的表达或者抑制miR-29a的表达后,对DDP的敏感度分别下降了15.5 %、12.9 %,抑制miR-376c、miR-31、miR-221或过表达miR-196a、miR-20a、miR-20b均不影响A549／DDP细胞对DDP的敏感度。结论　非小细胞肺癌DDP耐药细胞与非耐药细胞的miRNA表达谱有差异,miRNA参与肺癌化疗耐药,miR-17具有逆转非小细胞肺癌DDP耐药的潜力。     

Multicellular-mediated resistance to cisplatin and taxol in human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3IP1 multicellular aggregates

Chemotherapy is playing an increasingly important role in treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) whether intrinsic or acquired- remains one of the most significant obstacles to survival improvement. A number of possible mechanisms have been put forward to account for drug resistance[1]. However, most of these proposed mechanisms are based largely on the study of drug- resistant variants isolated from tumor cell lines exposed to various classes …