罗比卡因用于老年人术后硬膜外外自控镇痛

罗比卡因是一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药 ,起效快、作用时间长 ,麻醉效果确切 ,低浓度时产生明显的感觉和运动阻滞分离 ,对中枢神经及心血管系统毒性小。作者在老年人用低浓度罗比卡因行术后硬膜外自控镇痛 ,并与低浓度布比卡因术后镇痛效能进行比较。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　根据美国麻醉学家学会(ＡＳＡ)标准Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行下腹部及下肢手术患者 60例。随机分为 2组 :罗比卡因组 (Ｒ组 ) 3 0例 ,年龄 68～ 82岁 ,平均(73 2± 4 3 )岁 ,体重为 (5 8 1± 5 3 )ｋｇ ,其中男 2 2例 ,女 8例。布比卡因组 (Ｂ组 )3 0例 ,年龄 65～ 84岁 ,平…     

剖宫产术后硬膜外自控镇痛的疗效观察

我们2003-06／2004-06对160例剖宫产病人采用术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）方法，效果满意，现总结报道如下。     

妇产科术后应用硬膜外麻醉自控镇痛泵148例分析

2002年2月至2003年10月，我们对148例妇产科手术患者术后应用硬膜外连续阻滞麻醉自控镇痛泵。不仅对疼痛阻滞完善、方法简便。而且无明显不良影响。     

曲马多用于老年人术后硬膜外自控镇痛疗效与安全性

曲马多作为术后镇痛的常用药物已广泛应用于临床 ,其镇痛疗效确切 ,且副作用少 ,但用于老年病人的术后镇痛疗效与安全性是否与青壮年相同 ,我们采用相同剂量的曲马多用于 6 0岁以上的老年病人术后硬膜外自控镇痛 (ＰＣＥＡ)进行观察 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　根据美国麻醉医师协会制定 (ＡＳＡ)的术前病情估计分级选择Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期手术病人 80例 ,根据年龄分为 2组 ,Ⅰ组为观察组 40例 ,年龄 6 0～ 84岁 ,平均 (75 9± 6 )岁。男 2 6例 ,女 14例。Ⅱ组为对照组 40例 ,年龄 18～ 5 9岁 ,平均 (42 3± 7 2 )岁。男 2 9例 ,…     

剖宫产术后硬膜外自控镇痛并发症23例分析

硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)用于术后镇痛效果良好。2003年6月至2004年8月,我们共行剖宫产术后PCEA172例,发生并发症者23例。现报告如下。     

硬膜外自控镇痛泵在剖宫产术后的应用

2002年6月至2004年9月，我院将硬膜外自控镇痛泵(PCEA)用于剖宫产术后镇痛，获得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

硬膜外麻醉自控镇痛防治膀胱术后膀胱痉挛

膀胱痉挛是膀胱术后常见的并发症 ,主要表现为耻骨上区阵发性痉挛性疼痛 ,出现尿意及便意急迫感 ,导尿管周围有血性尿液外溢 ,同时冲洗液不畅 ,不仅患者非常痛苦 ,且易引起继发性出血、感染等。 1997～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我们对 92例膀胱术后患者实施硬膜外麻醉自控镇痛 ( PCEA)治疗 ,取得了满意效果 ,现报告如下。资料与方法 :本组男 86例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 63～ 83岁 ,平均年龄 72岁。行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术 82例 ,膀胱肿瘤切除术 7例 ,膀胱结石取除术 2例 ,膀胱破裂修补术 1例。术毕保留硬膜外导管 ,连接自控镇痛泵 ,以每小时 2 ml速度持续…     

舒芬太尼在肛门手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的应用

舒芬太尼是一种镇痛效能很强的麻醉性镇痛药,为芬太尼的5-10倍,现已应用于术后自控镇痛。2007年11月-2009年2月,笔者通过对不同剂量芬太尼和舒芬太尼复合局麻药布比卡因用于肛门手术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）,观察舒芬太尼的镇痛效果和不良反应。现报告如下。     

高龄患者髋关节手术后应用自控硬膜外镇痛观察

自1998年以来，我们将自控硬膜外镇痛方法(PCEA)应用于170例高龄患者髋关节手术后，收到了良好临床效果。现报告如下。     

Correlation between ketoprofen plasma levels and analgesic effect in acute lumbar pain and radicular pain

Summary Fourteen patients with acute lumbar pain and cervico-brachial radicular pain were treated with a single oral dose of 100 mg ketoprofen. The analgesic effect of the substance was investigated, using an analog pain scale, in correlation with drug plasma levels. Blood samples were taken at zero, one-half, one, two, three, four, five, six, eight, and ten hours after oral administration of ketoprofen. On an average, pain was at its lowest two hours after the plasma level of ketoprofen was at its highest. Within the ten hour observation period, the maximum reduction in pain increased as the maximum plasma level rose. Five patients with a maximum plasma level greater than 9 l/ml experienced pain reduction of at least 50%.     

肺切除术前肺功能与术后并发症的关系探讨

目的　探讨术前肺功能与肺切除术后并发症的相关关系。方法　对 318例肺切除患者于术前行肺功能检查 ,观察其术后并发症的发生。结果　 76例患者肺切除术后发生并发症 ,1秒钟用力呼气量 (FEV1 )占预计值 %、最大通气量 (MVV)占预计值 %、术后预计 FEV1 (FEV1 - ppo)降低与术后并发症有显著相关性。术前心肺基础疾患亦是术后并发症的高危因素。结论　 FEV1 占预计值 % <70 % ,MVV占预计值 % <5 0 % ,FEV1 - ppo<1.0 L 时 ,全肺切除的危险性增大 ;FEV1 占预计值 % <6 0 % ,MVV占预计值 % <4 0 % ,FEV1 - ppo<1.0 L 时 ,肺叶切除危险性升高。     

The relation between venous stasis and the occurrence of pain]

Venous stasis is a situation encountered commonly in varicose disorders. The potential implications of this decrease in oxygen levels in terms of the status of the cells of the vein were assessed. When endothelial cells are subjected to hypoxia, there is stimulation of the cells which shows itself as increased synthesis of prostaglandins and of PAF (Platelet Activating Factor). The synthesis of these typical mediators of inflammation results from activation by the calcium of phospholipase A2 which releases the arachidonic acid of phospholipids and this increase in intracellular calcium results itself from a fall in efficacy of calcium pumps due to the fall in ATP caused by hypoxia. Thus the fall in oxygen leads to the production of mediators of inflammation which activate leucocytes and result in local micro-inflammation which can be very rapidly eliminated if the circulation is restored but which can also cause irreversible damage to the vein by changes in venous tissue due to activated leucocytes which release proteases and free radicals after having penetrated the intima of the vein. These processes offer an explanation for the histological changes seen in varicose veins and the onset of localised pain during the development of such disease.     

Postoperative complications in colorectal surgery in relation to preoperative clinical and nutritional state and postoperative nutritional treatment

The impact of the pre-operative nutritional and clinical state on post-operative morbidity and mortality is not fully known and the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the postoperative complication rate has not been established. We have investigated the effects of postoperative TPN on the complication rate in 92 patients after major colorectal surgery for carcinoma of the large bowel or inflammatory bowel disease in a controlled, randomised study. The complication rate was analysed against seven commonly used nutritional (biochemical and anthropometric) variables and against the diagnosis, clinical inflammatory activity and presence of pre-operative septic complication. Patients were randomly allocated to postoperative TPN or conventional fluid and electrolyte support. The results show no correlation between the complication rate and the nutritional and clinical state of the patients as assessed pre-operatively. The complication rate was not significantly reduced by postoperative TPN. This study indicates that biochemical and anthropometric nutritional variables do not identify patients at risk to develop postoperative complications. The presence of pre-operative complications showed a marginal correlation with postoperative morbidity, in agreement with previous experience. The result of this study obviates the use of TPN in routine postoperative care.