Combined phacoemulsification and nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract

PURPOSE: To review the result of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with coexisting cataract. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 29 eyes of 26 patients who had undergone combined NPDS and phacoemulsification for cataract and CACG between January 2001 and June 2003. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 33.8 months (range 23.3 to 54.0 months). Postoperative visual acuity improved in 21 eyes (72%) and remained the same in 6 eyes (21%). The IOP was reduced significantly from 20.3+/-3.9 mmHg (mean +/- SD) preoperatively to 15.9+/-3.1 mmHg postoperatively at last follow-up visit (p<0.001). The number of antiglaucoma medications was also reduced significantly from 2.9+/-0.8 (mean +/- SD) preoperatively to 1.0+/-1.2 at last follow-up (p<0.001). Fifteen eyes (52%) achieved complete success with IOP < or = 21 mmHg without antiglaucoma medications and 25 eyes (86%) achieved qualified success with IOP < or = 21 mmHg with or without medications at the last follow-up visit. Of the 25 eyes achieving qualified success, 24 (96%) had a reduction in the number of medications. There were 4 failures, defined as uncontrolled IOP requiring further filtering operation or oral drug treatment. Intraoperative complications included one accidental anterior chamber puncture and one iris plug intraoperatively. Postoperative complications included one choroidal effusion, three wound leaks requiring repair, and two punctate epithelial erosions. There was no shallowing of the anterior chamber, hyphema, hypotony, or infection encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Combined NPDS and phacoemulsification could be a safe and effective surgical option for the management of CACG with cataract.     

Contact transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of contact transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation on intraocular pressure (IOP), vision, number of medications, and complications in a heterogenous population of patients with refractory glaucoma. METHODS: Clinical data for all patients undergoing contact transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma at the Medical College of Georgia between November 1994 and November 1996 were reviewed. Forty-seven eyes of forty-seven patients followed for at least one month were included. Visual acuity, IOP, number of medications, and complications were noted for follow-up periods as long as 24 months. RESULTS: At final follow-up examination (range 1-24 months, median 9 months), the average decrease in IOP was 21+/-16 mmHg. Thirty-one (66%) patients had final IOP between 7 and 21 mmHg. Medications were decreased by an average of 1.1. Twenty-six (62%) of 42 patients with vision before surgery had stable or improved visual acuity at the final follow-up visit; 16 (38%) had a deterioration in visual acuity. Neovascular glaucoma was associated with a posttreatment IOP less than 7 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Contact transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation is effective in lowering IOP in eyes with refractory glaucoma. It also serves to reduce the number of medications required for appropriate IOP control. Loss of visual acuity remains an important concern. Acute complications tend to be transient. Further study is needed to identify patients at risk for markedly reduced IOP after this procedure and for modulation of the protocol to decrease such risk.     

Combined Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for refractory glaucoma

PURPOSE: To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of a procedure for refractory glaucoma, concurrent Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of all patients who underwent combined Prolene-ligated BGI and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine success, defined as IOP < 22 mm Hg, no reoperation for glaucoma, and no loss of light perception vision. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD follow-up period for 38 eyes of 36 patients was 34 +/- 36 months (range, 3-121 months), during which 18 of 38 eyes (47%) required laser suture lysis of the Prolene suture. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a mean (+/- SD) preoperative value of 35.7 +/- 12.8 to 12.7 +/- 4.7 mm Hg at 1-year follow-up and 11.9 +/- 5.5 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit ( < 0.001). Number of medicines used for glaucoma was reduced from a mean +/- SD preoperative value of 2.5 +/- 0.9 to 0.5 +/- 0.6 at 1-year follow-up and 0.6 +/- 0.8 at the last follow-up visit ( < 0.001). LogMar visual acuity remained stable at mean of 1.15 +/- 0.85 preoperatively, compared with 1.14 +/- 1.05 at 1-year follow-up, but declined to 1.61 +/- 1.01 at the last follow-up visit, a loss of an average of four lines of vision ( = 0.004). Cumulative success was 91% at year 1, 86% at year 2, and 81% at year 3. Three eyes (8%) had suprachoroidal hemorrhages, one eye (3%) needed reoperation for an extruded implant, one (3%) eye had poor vision due to chronic hypotony, three eyes (8%) required additional glaucoma surgery during the postoperative period, and one eye (3%) needed revision of the implant for pressure control. CONCLUSIONS: Combined BGI and mitomycin C trabeculectomy provides excellent postoperative IOP control in patients with refractory glaucoma.     

Trans-scleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of refractory pediatric glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the success rate of contact diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) in pediatric refractory glaucoma. PATIENTS: and method: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients (age range 5 months to 26 years) with medical and surgical refractory pediatric glaucoma due to primary congenital glaucoma (group 1, 20 eyes) or aphakic congenital glaucoma (group 2: 8 eyes), were included in this retrospective study. All eyes underwent one or more TSCPC with the diode laser (Oculight SLX, Iris Medical) with a minimal follow-up of 2 months. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 20 mmHg after one or more procedures, with no increase in medical hypotensive therapy, and no progression to another hypotensive procedure. RESULTS: Mean baseline IOP was 29.4 +/- 7.8 mmHg (range 25 to 60 mmHg) and mean follow-up was 10.3 +/- 6.9 months (range 2 to 26 months). Success rates evaluated at 6 and 12 months (Kaplan Meier survival curves) were 54.4% and 27.7% respectively, with one-third of the eyes retreated once or more. These success rates were similar in both groups with a mean baseline IOP decrease of 38.9 +/- 15.9%. Postoperative uncontrolled hypertony occurred in the first 3 months in 6 (21.4%) eyes, leading to surgical IOP management. Other complications were decrease in visual acuity (14.3%), inflammation (25.5%) and phthisis (3.5%). CONCLUSION: TSCPC with the diode laser is a disappointing procedure for the management of refractory pediatric glaucoma, with poor mid-term IOP control and high incidence of complications including severe uncontrolled IOP increase. For these reasons, this cyclodestructive procedure should be considered as a last resort therapy for patients with refractory pediatric glaucoma.     

Ahmed valve implantation for uncontrolled pediatric uveitic glaucoma.

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed valve implantation for the management of glaucoma associated with chronic uveitis in pediatric patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 6 pediatric patients (7 eyes) who underwent Ahmed valve implantation because of refractory uveitic glaucoma. Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, the number of hypotensive medications required, and complications associated with the operation were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 36.8 months (range, 6-60). At the last visit, all 7 eyes had IOPs between 9 and 18 mm Hg (average, 12.1). IOP reduction averaged 69.6% (P = 0.0005, paired t-test). The number of hypotensive agents was reduced from an average of 3 to an average of 0.71 medicines per eye (P = 0.001). The only complication was hemorrhagic choroidal detachment postoperatively in two eyes; both resolved within one month. CONCLUSIONS: For children with good immunomodulatory control of their inflammation and appropriate follow-up, Ahmed valve implantation can be an effective and safe procedure for treating pediatric uveitic glaucoma.     

Transscleral suture fixation of posterior chamber lenses combined with trabeculectomy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of transscleral suture-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in glaucoma patients when combined with a trabeculectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 56 consecutive glaucoma patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months after transscleral suture-fixated PCIOL implantation combined with trabeculectomy. SETTING: Patients were drawn from the clinical glaucoma practice of the Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MICHIGAN: PATIENTS: Fifty-six eyes of 56 consecutive chronic glaucoma patients who had undergone transscleral suture-fixated PCIOL implantation in combination with a trabeculectomy were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 38.5 +/- 19.1 months. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly reduced, from 22.9 +/- 10.9 mmHg before surgery to 16.7 +/- 6.7 mmHg at the last follow-up visit (P = 0.0005), with the mean number of medications used also significantly decreased, from 2.3 +/- 0.9 to 1.9 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.0002). Postoperative IOP control to 21 mmHg or less was achieved or maintained in 84% of patients. Visual acuity improved or remained stable within two Snellen lines of the preoperative level in 39 eyes (70%) and within three Snellen lines in 45 eyes (80%) at the last follow-up visit. Overall, 46% to 68% of the patients had both stable visual acuity and satisfactory pressure control at the last postoperative visit, depending on criteria of varying stringency. However, 19 eyes (34%) required one or more additional surgical interventions for pressure control. Patients with anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) complications, diabetes mellitus, or a preoperative IOP level of more than 21 mmHg on maximum tolerated medications were especially prone to requiring additional surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that transscleral suture-fixated PCIOL implantation can be combined successfully with a trabeculectomy and can be useful in glaucoma patients in need of both visual rehabilitation and IOP control. However, patients with ACIOL complications, diabetes, or preoperative IOP of more than 21 mmHg on maximum tolerated medications were prone to requiring additional surgical interventions.     

Surgical outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma drainage implant surgery for Asian patients with refractory glaucoma with cataract

PURPOSE: To examine the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma drainage implant surgery in providing reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual rehabilitation in eyes with refractory glaucoma and cataract. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on all subjects who underwent combined phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and glaucoma drainage implant surgery by a single surgeon at the National University Hospital, Singapore. The implants used were the 185 mm2 Ahmed glaucoma valve and the 350 mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma implant. In terms of IOP, a complete success was defined as IOP of between 6 to 21 mm Hg without medication, qualified success as IOP between 6 to 21 mm Hg with one or more medication, and failure as a sustained IOP of >21 mm Hg or <6 mm Hg with or without one or more medication on two or more visits. RESULTS: A total of 32 combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma implant surgeries in 32 patients was performed. All patients were of Asian origin, and the mean age was 58 +/- 16 years (range, 20-78 years). The Baerveldt glaucoma implant and Ahmed glaucoma valve implant were inserted in 16 eyes each. With a mean follow-up of 13 +/- 5 months (range 6 to 22 months), IOP was reduced from a mean of 28.0 +/- 11.5 mm Hg to 15.2 +/- 6.0 mm Hg postoperatively (P <.0001), whereas the number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from a mean of 2.4 +/- 1.4 to.3 +/-.7 (P <.0001) at last follow-up. Overall, there were 24 eyes (75%) that were classified as complete successes, 4 eyes (12.5%) that were qualified successes, and 4 eyes that failed (12.5%). Twenty-three eyes (72%) had improvement of visual acuity, while only one eye had a loss of more than 1 line of Snellen acuity. There was no case that encountered an intraoperative complication, and postoperative complications occurred in 12 eyes (38%), the most common of which was hypotony (in six eyes, 19%). CONCLUSION: For subjects with refractory glaucoma and cataract, combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma drainage implant surgery provide good visual rehabilitation and control of IOP, with low incidence of complications.     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的：探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性研究我院Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗21例21眼难治性青光眼的临床疗效并进行总结分析。 结果：术前平均眼压为44.6±7.2mmHg,术后6mo末次随访平均眼压15.4±5.3mmHg;视力提高4眼,无改变14眼,降低3眼;手术并发症主要包括术后前房形成迟缓2眼、持续高眼压1眼、引流管暴露1眼、角膜失代偿1眼、引流盘纤维包裹3眼;手术成功率为86％。 结论：Ahmed青光眼阀植入术是治疗难治性青光眼有效和安全的方法。     

Comparison of silicone and polypropylene Ahmed glaucoma valves: two-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: To compare the safety and efficacy of silicone and polypropylene Ahmed glaucoma drainage devices. METHODS: We studied a retrospective consecutive case series of 91 eyes of 81 patients who were implanted with Ahmed valves by a single surgeon (R.M.S.). The first 43 eyes received polypropylene (model S2) valves; the remaining 48 eyes received silicone (model FP7) valves. Data collection included demographics, type of glaucoma, and sequential measurement of clinical characteristics. The mean outcome measures were visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, and postoperative complications. Data were collected on day 1; weeks 1, 2-3, and 6; months 3-4, 6, and 12; and last visit. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 27.1 months for the polypropylene valve and 20.1 months for the silicone valve. Mean decrease in IOP at 1 year was significantly greater in the silicone group than in the polypropylene group (t test, p < 0.005); however, this difference disappeared at 2 years. There were no differences between the groups in visual acuity, number of antiglaucoma medications, bleb needlings with 5-fluorouracil, or minor complications. A greater number of serious complications, including valve failures, occurred in the polypropylene group than in the silicone group, and this difference could not be accounted for by the longer follow-up in the polypropylene group. At 2 years follow-up, 82% of patients with silicone valves and 72% of patients with polypropylene valves continued to achieve greater than 30% IOP reduction. INTERPRETATION: Both the silicone and polypropylene Ahmed valves significantly reduced IOP over 2 years. The silicone valve was associated with fewer serious complications.     

Phacoemulsification in patients with Baerveldt tube shunts

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification in glaucomatous eyes with functioning Baerveldt tube shunts. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. METHODS: This retrospective analysis followed 9 eyes of 8 patients with functioning Baerveldt tube shunts who had clear corneal phacoemulsification. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, corneal thickness, visual acuity, and additional glaucoma surgery were measured. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 21 months +/- 3 (SD) (range 17 to 25 months). The mean change in IOP and the number of glaucoma medications used did not significantly change at 1 month (P>.19), 1 year (P>.17), or the last follow-up (P>.17). At the last examination, 2 eyes had IOP increases of 2 to 4 mm Hg, 3 eyes had no change, and 4 eyes had decreases of 4 to 7 mm Hg. Intraocular pressure increased in 1 eye at 8 months and required a tube shunt revision. No eye developed corneal decompensation. Visual acuity improved in 8 eyes; the mean improvement was 4 +/- 3 Snellen lines. CONCLUSION: In most cases, phacoemulsification in glaucomatous eyes with a functioning Baerveldt tube shunt improved vision and maintained control of IOP.     

Results of a combined procedure for cataract and glaucoma, using Crozafon-De Laage punch

PURPOSE: Study the efficacy and safety of a combined procedure for coexisting cataract and open angle glaucoma. METHODS: Forty eyes of 33 patients with cataract and coexisting open angle glaucoma underwent phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with Crozafon-De Laage punch. Data was recorded from the patients' hospital files and from a questionnaire answered by the patients' regular ophthalmologist. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up time of 20.6 months (SD 4.9, range 12-31) the mean reduction in number of anti glaucoma drugs was 1.2 (SD 1.2) from 2.6 (SD 0.71) before operation to 1.4 (SD 1.12) at last visit (p<0.001). During the same period the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was reduced from 18.9 (SD 5.2) mm Hg to 14.9 (SD 2.9) mm Hg (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity was preoperatively 0.24 (SD 0.21) and 0.60 (SD 0.35) at last visit. The reasons for visual acuity lower than 0.8 was mainly age related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. No serious sight threatening complications were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with Crozafon-De Laage punch is a safe and effective method for improving both visual acuity and control of intraocular pressure in coexistent cataract and open angle glaucoma.     

Two-staged Baerveldt glaucoma implant for childhood glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

PURPOSE: To report the outcome and complications of 10 eyes of 9 children with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) who underwent two-stage insertion of a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) for glaucoma. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: The authors reviewed the medical records of children under the age of 14 years with SWS who underwent two-stage BGI for glaucoma at two tertiary care referral centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative and postoperative complications, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and further surgical intervention. RESULTS: Ten eyes of nine patients were included in the study. Ages of the nine patients at time of first stage BGI ranged between 6 weeks and 13 years. With average follow-up of 35 months (range, 10-50), all eyes had adequate IOP control (< or = 21 mmHg) without the need for additional glaucoma surgery. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 24.8 +/- 6.2 mmHg preoperatively to 16.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg at last follow-up visit (P = 0.001). The number of medications used for control of glaucoma was reduced from a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 1.8 +/- 1.0 preoperatively to 1.1 +/- 1.4 at last follow-up visit (P = 0.2). One eye had serous choroidal effusions with overlying serous retinal detachment that resolved spontaneously after 7 days with no permanent visual loss, and one eye had low choroidal effusion that lasted 4 days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhages. At last follow-up, visual acuity had improved by one or more lines in all patients in whom vision was measurable. CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage BGI surgery appears to be a safe and effective treatment for refractory glaucoma in children with SWS.     

Ahmed valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma after 23-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To report on the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation for the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: Twelve medically uncontrolled NVG with earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR underwent AGV implantation. The control of intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, the development of intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated during the follow-up.RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 15.4±4.3 months (9-23 months). Mean preoperative IOP was 49.4±5.1mmHg and mean postoperative IOP at the last visit was 17.5±1.6mmHg. The control of IOP was achieved at the final follow-up visits in all patients, however, 8 of 12 patients still needed anti-glaucoma medication (mean number of medications, 0.8±0.7). The visual acuity improved in nine eyes, and the visual acuity unchanged in three eyes at the final follow-up visits. The complications that occurred were minor hyphema in three eyes, choroid detachment in two eyes, and the minor hyphema and choroid detachments were reabsorbed without any surgical intervention.CONCLUSION: AGV implantation is a safe and effective procedure that enables successful IOP control and vision preservation in the NVG patients with the history of earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR.     

Mitomycin C primary trabeculectomy with releasable sutures in primary glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C and a releasable suture technique on outcomes of primary trabeculectomy in primary glaucoma patients. METHODS: A prospective analysis of patients who underwent primary trabeculectomy with a mitomycin C concentration of 0.2 mg/mL for 2 minutes. For closing the scleral flap, releasable sutures were used in 18 patients (17 eyes), Group 1, or permanent sutures in 18 patients (20 eyes), Group 2. Clinical outcome factors including postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and incidence of complications were determined. RESULTS: The mean follow-up periods were 8.1 +/- 1.3 months in Group 1 and 8.3 +/- 1.3 months in Group 2. The postoperative reduction in IOP was highly significant (P <.0001) at all time intervals in both groups. In all measurement of IOP before the second week, mean IOP in Group 2 was found significantly lower than the mean IOP in Group 1 (P =.01). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups at later mean IOP measurements. At the last visit, the complete success rate was 88.8% in Group 1 and 85.0% in Group 2. No serious complications such as hypotonous maculopathy were observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: Primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in eyes with primary glaucoma showed effective IOP pressure reduction. There were no cases of serious complications. In the early postoperative period IOP was controlled better in the releasable suture group.     

改良Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼

目的 观察改良Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法 回顾性系列病例研究。收集2011年1月至2013年12月采用改良Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼患者46例（47眼）的临床资料,术中将引流盘置入筋膜下间隙,无需缝线固定,距离角膜缘约5 mm处以及角膜缘处各做一放射状浅层巩膜隧道（长约6 mm）,将引流管穿入浅层巩膜隧道并遮盖。患者随访时间为术后1周、1个月、6个月以及以后每6个月复查一次,直至末次复查,随访内容主要包括患者术后眼压、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、并发症、应用抗青光眼药物种类等。手术后不同时间点的眼压比较采用重复测量资料的方差分析,手术前后应用抗青光眼药物种类比较采用秩和检验,术前与末次随访视力比较采用等级资料秩和检验。结果 术前与末次复查视力比较,差异无统计学意义。术前眼压为（43.3±8.1）mmHg,术后末次随访眼压为（15.3±5.9）mmHg,差异有统计学意义（F=12.16,P<0.05）。术前、术后末次随访抗青光眼药物使用种类分别为4、1种,比较差异有统计学意义（Z=7.32,P<0.05）。Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术完全成功率为72%,条件成功率为87%。术后并发症主要包括前房出血、引流管口堵塞、浅前房、引流盘周围包裹性囊状泡,对症处理后眼压均可控制。结论 改良Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼,操作简便,手术时间短,术后并发症少,是治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法。     

丝裂霉素C联合粘小管成形术治疗开角型青光眼的疗效

目的:评估丝裂霉素C(MMC)联合粘小管成形术治疗开角型青光眼的效果.方法:回顾性研究.收集2007-12/2014-03接受粘小管成形术患者104例122眼.记录术前术后眼内压(IOP),青光眼用药数量,视力,并发症,辅助治疗(激光前房角穿刺或青光眼用药)和成功率.IOP≤21 mmHg无额外用药为完全成功,IOP≤21 mmHg有或无青光眼用药为部分成功.结果:术前平均IOP为27.5±9.2 mmHg,术后平均IOP为14.5±6.6 mmHg(P<0.001).术前平均视力为0.42±0.4,术后为0.32±0.4 (P=0.726).部分成功106眼(86.9%),完全成功62眼(50.8%).激光前房角穿刺术43眼(35.2%),青光眼药物使用率为49.1%.术后平均随访27.29±16.78 (1~79)mo.结论:粘小管成形术并发症发生率低且术后视力稳定,是一种安全的选择,术后补充进行激光前房角穿刺术可以提高手术成功率.丝裂霉素C对于粘小管成形术的作用还需进行深入的比较研究.     

Ex-press引流钉联合羊膜植入术中应用丝裂霉素C治疗外伤性青光眼

目的:观察外伤性开角型青光眼患者进行Ex-press引流钉联合羊膜植入术中应用丝裂霉素C后眼压及视力的变化.方法:前瞻性系列病例研究.连续收集行Ex-press引流钉联合羊膜植入术中应用丝裂霉素C治疗外伤性开角型青光眼患者18例18眼,分别记录眼压(IOP)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、抗青光眼药物数量及并发症.所有患者随访24mo.结果:术后24mo,15眼取得了绝对成功(未使用抗青光眼药物时IOP<21 mmHg),成功率为88.2%(15/17).术前IOP为36.9±4.8 mmHg,术后12mo为15.4±3.5 mmHg,术后24mo为15.5±3.5 mmHg.术后早期有2例患者(11.1%)由于滤过泡纤维化出现了高眼压.大多数患者最后一次复查时BCVA较术前有提高.2例患者(11.1%)术后出现一过性低眼压.术后无前房出血、脉络膜脱离、浅前房、引流器触碰虹膜或引流器脱位等并发症.结论:Ex-press引流钉联合羊膜植入术中应用丝裂霉素C治疗外伤性开角型青光眼是安全的、有效的,可以作为这类患者的选择.     

联合手术治疗晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的一年效果

目的 分析以白内障摘除联合人工晶状体（IOL）、张力环植入为主要手术方式的联合手术治疗晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的疗效。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2011年7月至2013年9月北京同仁眼科中心年龄（62.3±6.9）岁的晶状体半脱位继发青光眼患者12例。方法 回顾患者手术前后的病历资料。所有患者均囊袋内植入IOL,超声乳化白内障摘除11例,白内障囊外摘除1例,张力环植入6例,联合黏弹剂房角分离7例,联合小梁切除术5例,联合术中经巩膜睫状体光凝1例,术中玻璃体水囊抽吸4例。术后平均随访（13.3±10.0）个月。主要指标 视力、眼压、并发症。结果 最后一次随访时,8/12例患者视力提高,平均提高（4.9±2.8）行;3/12例视力同术前。全部患者在未使用降眼压药物情况下眼压控制在21 mmHg以下。术中、术后无严重并发症发生。结论 本文的小样本量短期回顾性研究结果显示,以白内障摘除IOL植入联合张力环植入为主的联合手术是治疗晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的安全有效方法。（眼科,2015,24：250-253）     

Implantation of second glaucoma drainage devices after failure of primary devices

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device for eyes that have failed a primary device. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients receiving a primary glaucoma drainage device at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 1987 to October 1998 were reviewed, of which 18 eyes of 18 patients were studied. Patients failing a primary glaucoma drainage procedure and receiving a second glaucoma drainage device were included in this study. The second eye in the same patient was excluded if a second drainage implant was required. All patients received a second device in a standardized fashion with the drainage tube inserted in the anterior chamber. Main outcome measures included: visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucomatous medication, length of follow up, and surface area of glaucoma drainage device. Success was defined as an IOP less than or equal to 21 mm Hg with or without medications, and at least a 20% reduction in IOP, without the need for additional glaucoma procedures. RESULTS: The mean postoperative IOP (19.6 +/- 9.4 mm Hg; range, 8-50 mm Hg) was significantly (P = 0.006) lower than the mean preoperative IOP (29.5 +/- 8.1 mm Hg; range, 20-52 mm Hg) at last follow up (mean 19.6 +/- 13.6 months; range, 6-47 months). The mean number of postoperative antiglaucomatous medications (2.2 +/- 1.2; range 0-4) was statistically similar (P = 0.2) to mean preoperative number of antiglaucomatous medications (2.6 +/- 1.2, range 1-4). Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, successful IOP reduction was observed in 89%, 83%, 63%, and 37% of eyes at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Four patients (21%) had a decline in visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of secondary glaucoma drainage devices may be useful in eyes that have failed primary devices.     

Combined cataract extraction and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant: indications and outcomes

PURPOSE: To report the indications and outcomes of simultaneous cataract extraction (CE) and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery. DESIGN: Noncomparative, interventional, retrospective, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients. INTERVENTION: Combined phacoemulsification CE and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant (BGI) surgery at two tertiary care referral centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications. RESULTS: The study included 33 eyes of 33 patients followed for an average of 15.4 months (range, 3.0-46.9). The most common indication for combined CE and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery was a history of prior failed trabeculectomy. Postoperative visual acuity at last follow-up was > or =20/40 in 12 of 33 patients (36%). IOP was reduced from a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 21 +/- 7.3 mmHg preoperatively to 13.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg at last follow-up visit ( P < 0.001). The number of antiglaucoma medications was reduced from a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 2.3 +/- 1.0 preoperatively to 0.7 +/- 1.1 at last follow-up (P < 0.001). Three eyes met our criteria for failure, and cumulative survival of the glaucoma surgery at 18 months was 89%. Intraoperative complications were all related to the cataract surgery, whereas early and late postoperative complications were related both to the CE and BGI surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Combined CE and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant placement seems to be a safe and effective surgical option and may be preferred in certain clinical situations.